高中英語 語法精講（Unit 18 New Zealand）人教版
語法精講The Use of “It” (1) as Subject“It”的用法(1)作主語
1.it用作人稱代詞，指前面提到過的人或物。
The frog is not a warmblooded animal.It is a coldblooded one.
青蛙不是溫血動物，而是冷血動物。(指代the frog)
—Who is knocking at the door?
誰在敲門？
—It is me.
是我。(指代人)
—What is this?
那是什么？
—It is a flag.It is hers.
是一面旗，那是她的。(指代this或that)
2.it也可用作非人稱代詞，表示天氣、日期、時間、溫度、距離、環境情況等。
It was very noisy at the moment.
現在外面很吵。(指環境情況)
—What time is it?
幾點了？
—It is eight o’clock.
8點了(指時間)
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
從辦公室到我家5千米。(指距離)
3.it常用作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語(不定式、動詞ing形式或名詞性從句)置于句尾，以滿足句子的需要。
it作形式主語，常用于下列結構：
1)It is+cruel(kind,brave,nice,rude,wise,stupid,clever;foolish,polite...)of sb. to do sth.
2)It is important(necessary,possible,impossible,easy,difficult,hard...)for sb. to do sth.如：
It is foolish of you to waste money.(=You are foolish to waste money.)
你浪費錢是愚蠢的。
It is necessary for us to study hard.(=To study hard is necessary for us.)
對我們來講努力學習是必要的。
在這兩個結構中，使用介詞for還是介詞of由前面的形容詞而定；若形容詞修飾人，使用介詞of;若形容詞修飾事，則使用介詞for。
3)It is no use(useless,no good)doing sth.
It is no use talking with him.
跟他談話是沒有用的。
此結構中真正的主語通常為動名詞。
4)It is said(known,reported,thought,hoped,believed,announced...)that...
It is said that he comes from America.
據說他來自美國。
此結構中真正的主語是名詞性從句，且能變為簡單句，上句可變為：He is said to come from America.即：從句的主語用作主語，謂語動詞仍是主句的謂語動詞，但應存在人稱和數的變化，從句的謂語動詞用不定式表示。如：
It was known that he had gone abroad.
=He was known to have gone abroad.
眾所周知他出國了。
【考例1】2006全國高考Ⅰ,26If I can help _________,I don’t like working late into the night.
A.so
B.that
C.it
D.them
解析:此處考查it的用法。it可用于某些動詞或前置詞的后面，詞義含糊，構成習語。如：You’ll catch it!你可小心點兒!此處If I can help it意為“如果我有辦法的話”。有時我們也可以說It can’t be helped.或There is no help for it.表示“實在沒法兒”。
答案:C
【考例2】(2006浙江高考，4)_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
解析:本句考查從句的用法。根據句子結構，that引導的從句為主語從句，作真正主語，因此前邊應有形式主語，而形式主語只能用it,不能用this或that。
答案:D
【考例3】(2006山東高考，24)I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.you
解析:it作appreciate的形式賓語，真正的賓語是if you would like to teach me how to use the computer。it常在hate,like,appreciate等動詞后作形式賓語，指代it之后的內容，對此用法應熟練掌握。
答案:B
【考例4】(2006全國高考Ⅱ,11) It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A.use
B.help
C.time
D.way
解析:It is no use+doing...表示“做某事沒有用”。it作形式主語，doing sth.作真正的主語。
答案:A
【考例5】(2006山東高考，33)Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A.have been missing
B.have got lost
C.be missing
D.get lost
解析:由句意可知“失蹤”這一動作仍在持續中，故須用進行時態，又由since提示該句時態須用完成時態。
答案:A
語法精講The Use of “It” (1) as Subject“It”的用法(1)作主語
1.it用作人稱代詞，指前面提到過的人或物。
The frog is not a warmblooded animal.It is a coldblooded one.
青蛙不是溫血動物，而是冷血動物。(指代the frog)
—Who is knocking at the door?
誰在敲門？
—It is me.
是我。(指代人)
—What is this?
那是什么？
—It is a flag.It is hers.
是一面旗，那是她的。(指代this或that)
2.it也可用作非人稱代詞，表示天氣、日期、時間、溫度、距離、環境情況等。
It was very noisy at the moment.
現在外面很吵。(指環境情況)
—What time is it?
幾點了？
—It is eight o’clock.
8點了(指時間)
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
從辦公室到我家5千米。(指距離)
3.it常用作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語(不定式、動詞ing形式或名詞性從句)置于句尾，以滿足句子的需要。
it作形式主語，常用于下列結構：
1)It is+cruel(kind,brave,nice,rude,wise,stupid,clever;foolish,polite...)of sb. to do sth.
2)It is important(necessary,possible,impossible,easy,difficult,hard...)for sb. to do sth.如：
It is foolish of you to waste money.(=You are foolish to waste money.)
你浪費錢是愚蠢的。
It is necessary for us to study hard.(=To study hard is necessary for us.)
對我們來講努力學習是必要的。
在這兩個結構中，使用介詞for還是介詞of由前面的形容詞而定；若形容詞修飾人，使用介詞of;若形容詞修飾事，則使用介詞for。
3)It is no use(useless,no good)doing sth.
It is no use talking with him.
跟他談話是沒有用的。
此結構中真正的主語通常為動名詞。
4)It is said(known,reported,thought,hoped,believed,announced...)that...
It is said that he comes from America.
據說他來自美國。
此結構中真正的主語是名詞性從句，且能變為簡單句，上句可變為：He is said to come from America.即：從句的主語用作主語，謂語動詞仍是主句的謂語動詞，但應存在人稱和數的變化，從句的謂語動詞用不定式表示。如：
It was known that he had gone abroad.
=He was known to have gone abroad.
眾所周知他出國了。
【考例1】2006全國高考Ⅰ,26If I can help _________,I don’t like working late into the night.
A.so
B.that
C.it
D.them
解析:此處考查it的用法。it可用于某些動詞或前置詞的后面，詞義含糊，構成習語。如：You’ll catch it!你可小心點兒!此處If I can help it意為“如果我有辦法的話”。有時我們也可以說It can’t be helped.或There is no help for it.表示“實在沒法兒”。
答案:C
【考例2】(2006浙江高考，4)_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
解析:本句考查從句的用法。根據句子結構，that引導的從句為主語從句，作真正主語，因此前邊應有形式主語，而形式主語只能用it,不能用this或that。
答案:D
【考例3】(2006山東高考，24)I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.you
解析:it作appreciate的形式賓語，真正的賓語是if you would like to teach me how to use the computer。it常在hate,like,appreciate等動詞后作形式賓語，指代it之后的內容，對此用法應熟練掌握。
答案:B
【考例4】(2006全國高考Ⅱ,11) It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A.use
B.help
C.time
D.way
解析:It is no use+doing...表示“做某事沒有用”。it作形式主語，doing sth.作真正的主語。
答案:A
【考例5】(2006山東高考，33)Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A.have been missing
B.have got lost
C.be missing
D.get lost
解析:由句意可知“失蹤”這一動作仍在持續中，故須用進行時態，又由since提示該句時態須用完成時態。
答案:A
