高考英語語法專項訓(xùn)練：第7講_動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）

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　　* [典例6]　The church tower which ________will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished. A．has restored

　　B．has been restored C．is restoring

　　D．is being restored [解析]　因此此處強調(diào)正在修復(fù)中，且要用被動語態(tài)。故選D。[答案]　D * 2．固定句型中的固定時態(tài) 在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時態(tài)要求，請體會下列句子中時態(tài)的運用：(1)This/It is the first/second...time I have done sth. That/It was the first/second...time I had done sth. (2)It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad. (3)I was about to go out when the telephone rang. * (4)Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. (5)No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang. (6)It won't be long before he comes back./It wasn't long before he came back. (7)I didn't manage to understand it until he had explained it again. (8)祈使句＋and(or，or else，otherwise)＋并列分句 * 1．(2011年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)When Alice came to，she did not know how long she ______ there.

　　A．had been lying B．has been lying C．was lying

　　D．has lain 解析：由 she did not know how long...可知應(yīng)用過去完成進行時，表示持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。答案：A * 2．(2011年大綱全國卷)If you don't like the drink you________， just leave it and try a different one. A．ordered

　　B．a(chǎn)re ordering C．will order

　　D．had ordered 答案：A * 3．(2011年高考山東卷)When I got on the bus，I________I had left my wallet at home. A．was realizing

　　B．realized C．have realized

　　D．would realize 答案：B * 4．(2011年高考福建卷)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ________ from China. A．receive

　　B．a(chǎn)re receiving C．have received

　　D．had received 答案：D * Thank you! * * [典例1]　(2011年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)Planning so far ahead ________no sense——so many things will have changed by next year. A．made

　　B．is making C．makes

　　D．has made [解析]　由于受so far的影響會誤選D，其實這兒的so far不是表示“到目前為止”的那個短語so far，此處so是用來修飾短語far ahead的，far ahead很早。[答案]　C * [典例2]　(2011年高考安徽卷)—I didn‘t ask for the name list. Why________ on my desk? —I put it there just now in case you needed it. A．does it land

　　B．has it landed C．will it land

　　D．had it landed [解析]　從對話中知道名單已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在桌子上了，所以需要用現(xiàn)在完成時。因此選B。 * 2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷, 28) Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having

　　B. have

　　C. have had D. had had

　　【答案】B 【解析】本題考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語every few years,可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時，因此答案選B。 *

　　前者強調(diào)按計劃或安排而發(fā)生的事情；后者不強調(diào)行為的計劃性，多指臨時的決定或安排。

　　2．考查be going to do和will＋do構(gòu)成的將來時的區(qū)別 * [典例3]　—Did you tell Julia about the result? —Oh，no. I forgot. I ________ her now. A．will be calling

　　B．will call C．a(chǎn)m going to call

　　D．a(chǎn)m to call [解析]　分析四個選項可知，只有B項可表示臨時作出的決定或產(chǎn)生的想法。A項表示將來某一時刻正在發(fā)生的事；C項可表示預(yù)先安排好的要發(fā)生的事情；D項表示早就有的打算。[答案]　B * * * 3．考查過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別

　　現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而過去時僅說明過去發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。 * [典例4]　The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ________on the market in 1973. A．had come

　　B．has come C．came

　　D．comes [解析]　since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時，主句通常用完成時，而從句通常用一般過去時，所以選C項。[答案]　C * 過去時往往有明確的過去時間狀語，說明是發(fā)生在過去的動作；而過去完成時表示過去某個時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)“過去的過去”，句中常有by，before，when，until等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。 4．考查一般過去時和過去完成時的區(qū)別 * [典例5]　(2011四川卷)－What a mistake ! －Yes. I________ his doing it another way, but without success. A．was suggesting

　　B．will suggest C．would suggest

　　D．had suggested [解析]　根據(jù)語境可知suggest動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在犯錯誤之前，即“過去的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時。[答案]　D * 一些動詞的過去完成時的“特別”之意 intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等動詞的過去完成時可用來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜之情。如：I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來打算昨天去看你，但我有了一個不速之客。 *

　　現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)的是在一段時期內(nèi)某項活動的持續(xù)性，強調(diào)的是動作本身；現(xiàn)在完成時則是強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，而不是動作本身。 5．考查現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別 * [典例6]　(2011年高考遼寧卷) I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I________. A．was doing

　　B．a(chǎn)m doing C．have done

　　D．had been doing [解析]　我一完成我正在做的事情，就去圖書館。本題語境為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在正在做的事情。 [答案]　B * 6．考查一般過去時和過去進行時的區(qū)別一般過去時僅說明動作發(fā)生在過去，不強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性；而過去進行時則強調(diào)在過去某一時間正在進行或持續(xù)進行的動作。 *

　　[典例7]　I walked slowly through the market，where people ________all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A．sell

　　B．were selling C．has sold

　　D．have sold [答案]　B *

　　現(xiàn)在進行時除表示現(xiàn)在外，還可以表示將來。現(xiàn)在進行時表將來時常有“安排”或“打算”之意，所用動詞多是非延續(xù)性動詞，如marry，die，leave，join等。 7．現(xiàn)在進行時表將來 * [典例8]　An airbus has begun taking orders from Chinese customers on the mainland and ________more this year. A．is expecting

　　B．expected C．will expect

　　D．is expected [解析]　此處應(yīng)用一般將來時，但expect一詞習(xí)慣上用進行時表示將來。 [答案]　A * 被動語態(tài) *

　　高考對被動語態(tài)的考查往往跟對時態(tài)的考查融合在一起，而且語境化特點非常突出。語態(tài)用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 * 1．被動語態(tài)的謂語形式 (以動詞give為例) 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：am/is/are given 一般過去時態(tài)：was/were given 一般將來時態(tài)：shall/will be given 過去將來時態(tài)：should/would be given 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：am/is/are being given 過去進行時態(tài)：was/were being given 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：has/have been given 過去完成時態(tài)：had been given * (2011年高考湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology

　　________ by scientists. A．a(chǎn)re making

　　B．a(chǎn)re made C．will make

　　D．will be made [答案]　D * 2．特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式 (1)雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 雙賓動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，直接賓語不變。這一保留不變的賓語叫做保留賓語。如將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。如： * [典例2]　She was ________the bike for 20 dollars，but she wouldn't take it. A．provided

　　B．supplied C．offered

　　D．gave [解析]　offer作“出價，開價”講，常有offer (sb.) money for sth. [答案]　C * (2)帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動時，一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，賓語補足語不變。 [典例3]　The missing boys were last seen ________near the river. A．to sing

　　B．singing C．to be singing

　　D．sing [答案]　B * (3)“be＋過去分詞＋不定式”的被動結(jié)構(gòu) She is said to know three languages. 據(jù)說她懂三種語言。 (4)“it＋be＋過去分詞＋從句”的被動結(jié)構(gòu) It's said that she has some supernatural powers. * 常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： It is known that...眾所周知 It is suggested that....有人建議 It is believed that....據(jù)信 * (5)get＋done構(gòu)成被動語態(tài) 此種形式用來表示狀態(tài)或情況，常考的形式如下： get married結(jié)婚；get engaged訂婚；get hurt/wounded受傷；get lost迷路；get drunk喝醉了；get caught/stuck/trapped被困；get dressed穿好衣服；get run over被(車)軋 * [典例4]　Before she realized what happened，she got ________ on the head and lost consciousness. A．hit

　　B．to be hit C．hitting

　　D．hitted [解析]　get hit表示“被打”，做題時考生應(yīng)注意hit的原形、過去式、過去分詞的形式是一樣的，此處是其過去分詞形式。[答案]　A * 3．時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合考查

　　高考單項填空中往往是把時態(tài)和語態(tài)結(jié)合起來考查，以增加試題的難度和綜合性。 * 1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,31)The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.

　　A. has restored

　　B. has been restored

　　C. is restoring

　　D. is being restored

　　【答案】D 【解析】本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。restore意思為修復(fù)，因此為正在修復(fù)中，并且the tower和restore之間是被動關(guān)系，所以選D。

　　返回目錄 * 4．主從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致性主從句的時態(tài)要對應(yīng)，即要保持時態(tài)的一致性。這使考生在做題中既可以根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)來確定從句的時態(tài)，也可以根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)來確定主句的時態(tài)。 * The Father and His Son Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln ___(be) your age, he ___(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he ___(be) the best pupil in his class. Tom: Yes, Father. I ____ (know) that. But when he ____(be) your age, he____ (be) President?of the United States. was was was was was know * 專題7　動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　◆ 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測試的重中之重，每年試題一般不低于兩道。

　　命題思路有三種：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時間狀語，考生能根據(jù)其作出選擇；二是給出時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有較強的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時間狀語作出選擇，而需要結(jié)合語境進行判斷；三是沒有任何時間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷。

　　一、命題特點 * ◆在歷年有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的考題中，共涉及了8種基本時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，其中以現(xiàn)在完成時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在進行時考得最多。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+ 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be動詞表現(xiàn)出來。 * ◆

　　高考命題中更多地側(cè)重于時態(tài)的交叉使用和時態(tài)干擾。 ◆

　　考生答題時要尋找盡可能多的“時間參照信息”。關(guān)于被動語態(tài)題，做題時應(yīng)首先根據(jù)主語與謂語的關(guān)系確定是否是被動關(guān)系，然后再根據(jù)有關(guān)時間信息確定用哪種時態(tài)。 ◆

　　還要注意的是不及物動詞是不能用于被動語態(tài)當(dāng)中。二、應(yīng)考策略 * 基礎(chǔ)回歸

　　* 一般現(xiàn)在時: am/are/is

　　do / does 一般過去時: was / were / did

　　一般將來時: will

　　+ V （動詞原形）過去將來時: would + V （動詞原形）現(xiàn)在進行時: am/are/is+ Ving 過去進行時: was/ were + Ving 現(xiàn)在完成時: have/ has+ p.p. 過去完成時:had + p.p.

　　謂語（各種時態(tài)）的主動形式 * 一般現(xiàn)在時: be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 過去分詞) 一般過去時: be(was/ were) + p.p. 一般將來時: will be + p.p. 過去將來時: would be + p.p. 現(xiàn)在進行時: be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p. 過去進行時:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p. 現(xiàn)在完成時: have/ has+ been + p.p. 過去完成時:had + been + p.p.

　　謂語（各種時態(tài)）的被動形式 * 一、對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查 1.考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查常用過去時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對考生進行干擾。

　　1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ___the Pacific, and

　　we met no storm.（2005年遼寧卷）

　　was called

　　B. is called

　　C. had been called

　　D. has been called * （2010高考英語重慶卷,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. remains

　　B. is remained

　　C. is remaining

　　D. has been remained

　　【答案】A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。remain在這兒意思是“剩下，余留”，為不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)；又因為語境是對現(xiàn)在事實的陳述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。選 A項。 * 2.考查一般現(xiàn)在時的替代用法：

　　在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時。

　　—What would you do if it __ tomorrow?

　　—We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全國卷）

　　A. rain

　　B. rains

　　C. will rain

　　D. is raining

　　“主將從現(xiàn)” * 二、對一般過去時的考查一般過去時表示在過去某時某刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過去時也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時間狀語的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。

　　I bought a new car three days ago.

　　More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷） A. sent

　　B. were sent

　　C. had sent

　　D. had been sent

　　now bought * (2010高考英語重慶卷,24)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it

　　______on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes

　　【答案】C 【解析】考查時態(tài)。since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時，主句通常用完成時，而從句用一般過去時，所以選C項。

　　返回目錄 * 三、對現(xiàn)在進行時的考查由上下文語境表示時間。 1)— What’s the terrible noise？— The neighbors ____ for a party（2004年北京卷） A. have prepared

　　B. are preparing

　　C. prepare

　　D. will prepare 2)Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷34題） has closed down