高考英語語法復習精品資料匯總：時態

　　時態

　　一、目標 本章要求學生掌握中學階段常用的八種時態, 即：一般現在時, 一般過去時, 一般將來時, 現在進行時, 現在完成時, 過去完成時, 過去進行時, 過去將來時。 要求掌握時態的意義、各種時態的動詞形式、與各種時態連用的時間狀語以及一些時態的特殊意義。 二、重點及難點 八種時態的意義；現在完成時與一般過去時的區別；點性動詞與線性動詞；時態一致性。 三、方法 1．Do you know something about “tense”? 你知道“時態”是什么嗎？ 2．You are right. For example： I'm working.我正在工作。 I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。 I will work.我將要工作。 How many tenses have you learned ? 你們學了幾種時態？ 3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense. 現在咱們分別討論每個時態。 I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ? 我想一般現在時是所有時態中最容易的, 你知道它的含義嗎？ 4．What's the form of the verb ? 謂語動詞形式是什么樣的？ 5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”? Here's a saying: （I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is連著他、她、它。單數名詞用is, 復數名詞全用are。 Can you learn it by heart ? 你知道行為動詞第三人稱怎么變化嗎？ 6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ? 你知道“s”或“es”怎么發音嗎？ 你應當記住“清—清, 濁—濁, 元—濁”。現在我解釋一下： 清—清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清輔音的話, “s”或“es”讀作［K］（清）。 濁—濁 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是濁輔音的話, 則“s”或“es”讀作［L］（濁）。 元—濁 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 則它讀作［L］（濁）。 你能想出幾個例子嗎？ 7．一般現在時表示經常性動作或狀態外, 常與什么副詞連用呢？ 8．一般現在時除表示經常性動作或狀態外, 還有其他用法。它能表示將來時, 但它是有條件的, 這個條件有兩種情況：A．是在條件狀語從句中, 如果主句是一般將來時或一般現在時。B．是表示計劃、打算、有規律動作。你能想出幾個例子嗎？ 9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you. That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？ 10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？ 11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？ 那么用什么狀語呢？ 12．現在進行時有一個特殊的意義, 它可以表示將來發生的動作。但是這些動詞必須是表示位置移動的單詞。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？ 13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？ 14．一般將來時除去will do結構外, 還有其他結構, 也可表示將來時, 但注意這些結構有其他意義在里邊。如： be going to do…表示動作將要發生, 表示主觀打算。 be to do表示安排、計劃好的動作, 表示命令、可能等意義。 be about to do…表示眼下即將發生…… Can you make some sentences？ 15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的謂語動詞形式是什么樣的呢？ 16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”. 現在完成時動作發生在過去, 但它對現在有影響。謂語動詞的形式為have done, done代表過去分詞。have還有一種變化, 即has。has用于第三人稱單數, 其他人稱用have, 請你給出幾個現在完成時的句子。 17．請你根據剛才的句子, 歸納一下現在完成時有幾種含義？ 18．現在完成時的這兩種含義非常重要, 要認真領會。這里引出了兩個概念：延續性動詞與非延續性動詞。即：點性動詞與線性動詞。所謂點性動詞就是不能延續的動詞；線性動詞就是可以延續的動詞。延續性動詞用于現在完成時的第二種用法, 點性動詞用于第一種用法。 19．點點結合, 線線結合是完成時中一個重要原則, 這個問題往往是學生容易出錯的地方。請把下列句子的錯誤改正過來： A．He has come for 3 hours. B．The girl has waited since two years. C．The old man has died for ten years. D．I have bought the book for two months. 20．那么，在英語中，同一種意思，既有點性動詞，又有線性動詞的實例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ? A．join the army B．join the Party C．come back D．borrow a book E．buy a book F． leave G．go out H．die I．open J．begin K． arrive 21．在完成時的句子中, 同一種意思可以有幾種英語表達方法。如： 我入團已經5年了。有以下幾種表達方式： A．I have been a League member for 5 years. B．It's five years since I joined the League. I joined the League 5 years ago. I have been a League member since 5 years ago. Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways. A．He has been here for 2 hours. B．They've been away since 1960. C．The film has been on for one hour. 22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs. A．I ____ （lose）my pen. She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday. B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition. I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week. C．The car ____ （stop）. The car ____ （stop） just now. D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ? B：Yes, I ____ . A：When ____ you ____ it ? B：I ____ it about half an hour ago. 23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”. have been to 意思是“去過”。 have gone to 意思是“去了”。 請翻譯下列各句： A．我去海南四次了。 B．他已經去南方了。 C．你去過東京嗎？ D．小李已經去辦公室了。 你可以去那兒找他。 E．你去哪兒了？ F．他去哪兒了？ 24．通過練習，對現在完成時和過去時有了足夠的認識, 你能說出它們的異同點嗎？ 25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense. e．g．He was a student in the past. e．g． He has been a student for 2 years. 26．現在來談談對比時態問題。所謂對比時態是指兩個動作同時存在, 但有時間前后。這樣的時態有過去將來時、過去完成時。 27．過去完成時也可跟另一個時間進行對比, 含義仍然是到過去某個時間為止, 如它與 by the end of…, by the time when… 例如： A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year. B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station. 28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past. e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night. What were you doing while I was watching TV ? Students 1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action. 我想“時態”是動詞的某種形式, 它隨動作的時間而發生變化。 2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense. 我們學習了：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時和過去將來時。 3．一般現在時表示經常性動作或狀態、過去、現在以及將來一直進行的動作或存在的狀態。 4．一般現在時, 謂語動詞要隨主語人稱而變化。be動詞有三種變化形式, 即am, is, are；行為動詞有兩種變化形式, 即：原形和第三人稱單數。 5．行為動詞第三人稱有以下幾種變化形式： A．動詞后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。 B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 結尾的單詞, 詞尾加“es”, 如果詞尾有“e”, 則只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。 C．如詞尾以輔音字母+y結尾, 應變y為“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。 D．特殊情況：go和do詞尾加“es”。 6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 讀作［E］, 是清輔音, 所以s讀作［K］；又如：learns s之前是濁輔音［Q］, 所以它讀作濁輔音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母組合, 讀作元音音素［-!］, 所以s讀作［L］這叫做“元—濁”。 7．與一般現在時連用的時間狀語有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day… 8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic. （條件狀語從句中一般現在時表示將來） B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（時間狀語從句一般現在時表示將來） C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning. （計劃, 有規律的動作表示將來） 9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly. 因為動作是有規律地發生。 10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable. For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time. For example： He is reading a book now. We are learning BookⅡthis week. 11．現在進行時與 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等時間狀語連用。 12． A．He is coming to see me tomorrow. 明天他要來看我。 B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他們要離開上海去北京。 13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc. 它的動詞結構是will do 有時第一人稱單復數用shall do。 14．Yes, I can. A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm. 我們打算去紅星農場幫助農民們。 B．The boys are to go to school next week. 這些男孩們下周要上學了。 C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now. 我們就要離開了, 所以現在沒有時間去看他了。 15．一般過去時, 謂語動詞的形式應該用過去時。即：原形動詞后加ed, 還有一些特殊形式的動詞。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。 我想特殊動詞要特殊記憶。 16．我清楚了, 現在完成時謂語動詞形式have done, 可以這樣理解：have是“變量”；done是“常量”。 A．We have cleaned the room now. 我們現在已經打掃了房間。 B．He has cleaned the room now. 他現在已經打掃了房間。 C．They have been here for 3 hours. 他們在這兒呆了3個小時了。 D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969． 教授自從1969年就在這所大學里工作。 17．我想有兩種含義： 一種是動作發生在過去, 動作不延續, 但對現在有結果和影響。如句子A、B表示打掃房間的動作發生在過去, 但強調的是現在房間已經干凈了。 另一種是動作從過去開始一直延續到現在, 對現在有結果和影響, 如句子C、D。 18．點性動詞應當與點性時間狀語連用, 線性動詞與線性時間狀語連用。點性時間狀語有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 線性時間狀語有for…, since…等。 19．A句中應當把come改為 been here, come為點性動詞, for為線性時間狀語。 B句有兩種改法，一是將since改為for, 意思是“已經等了兩年了”。另一種是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自從兩年前就開始等, 一直等到現在。” C句將 died改為 been dead, 因為 for ten years是線性時間狀語, die為點性動詞, 不能延續, 而 be dead是線性動詞, 可與 for短語連用。 D．將 bought改為 kept或 had。 buy為點性動詞, have（keep）為線性動詞。 20．Let me have a try． join the army----serve in the army join the Party----be a Party member come back----be back borrow a book----keep a book buy a book----have a book leave----be away go out----be out die----be dead open----be open begin----be on arrive----be here A．He has been here since two hours ago. It's two hours since he came. He came here two hours ago. B．They went away in 1960. They have been away for 40 years. It's 40 years since they went away. C．The film began an hour ago. It's one hour since the film began. The film has been on since one hour ago. 21．A．He has been here since two hours ago. It's two hours since he came. He came here two hours ago. B．They went away in 1960. They have been away for 40 years. It's 40 years since they went away. C．The film began an hour ago. It's one hour since the film began. The film has been on since an hour ago. 22． A．have lost； lost B．have been； went C．has stopped； stopped D．Have… had have did… have had 23． A．I have been to Hainan four times. B．He has gone to the South. C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ? D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there. E．Where have you been ? F． Where has he gone ? 24．在我看來，它們的相同之處是動作都發生在過去，它們的不同點是現在完成時的動作對現在有影響，而過去時對現在沒有影響。 25．圖A表示動作發生在過去，處于靜止狀態, 而圖B表示動作發生在過去，但它指向現在，對現在有結果和影響，最后強調的是現在。 26．當主句動作發生在過去，從句動作發生在它之后，這時從句謂語用過去將來時。如： I said that I would go to that island. “said”在前，相對它來講，would go在后。 可當一個動作發生在過去而另一個動作發生在它之前, 那么這個動作則要用過去完成時。如： I said that I had finished the composition. said發生在過去, had finished在它之前發生, 稱之為過去的過去。 27．現在我明白啦！過去完成時和過去將來時只有在與另一個過去的動作進行對比的情況下才能存在。所以把這兩種時態叫對比時態。 老師，我有一個問題，過去進行時是指過去某一時刻或過去某一段時間正在進行的動作嗎？ 四、精選題 選擇填空： 1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [　 ] ----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94） A．get B．will get C．are getting D．will have got 2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [　 ] ----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes. A．have been 　 B．had been C．was D．will be 3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94）　 [　 ] A．just help out B．have just helped out C．am just helping out D．will just help out 4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . 　 [　 ] A．has completed B．completes C．has been completed D．is completed 5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97）　 [　 ] A．has worked B．was working C．had been working D．had worked 6．----Is this raincoat yours？　 [　 ] ----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97） A．is hanging 　 B．has hung C．hangs　 D．hung 7．----Nancy is not coming tonight.　 [　 ] ----But she ____ ！（'98） A．has written B．wrote C．had written　 D．was writing 8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [　 ] A．has written B．wrote C．had written　 D．was writing 9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [　 ] ----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98） A．painted B．had painted C．have been painting D．have painted 10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99）　 [　 ] A．went down B．will go down C．has gone down D．was going down 11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [　 ] ----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀） A．has left 　 B．leaves C．left　 D．was leaving 12．----Have you got your test result ?　 [　 ] ----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀） A．are not correcting B．have not corrected C．are still being corrected D．have already been corrected 13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [　 ] ----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城） A．waited 　 B．was waiting C．had waited　 D．have been waited 14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城）　 [　 ] A．has rung; was B．has been ringing; is C．had rung; was D．rang; has been 15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城）　 [　 ] A．was 　 B．has been C．were　 D．have been 16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [　 ] ----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城） A．do you meet B．will you meet C．would you meet D．are you meeting 17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg.　 [　 ] A．can break B．could break C．could have broken D．could have been broken 18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [　 ] ----Yes, it all depends on the weather. A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told 19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it.　 [　 ] ----It's 9568442． A．didn't B．couldn't C．don't　 D．can't 20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [　 ] A．read; was falling B．was reading; fell C．was reading; was falling D．read; fell 21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space.　 [　 ] A．just stared B．was just staring C．has just stared D．had just stared 22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？　 [　 ] ---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting. A．Don't you meet him yet B．Hadn't you met him yet C．Didn't you meet him yet D．Haven't you met him yet 用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come） 2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear） 3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land） 4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think） 5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach） 6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree） 7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study） 8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch） 9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take） 10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come） 答案： 選擇填空： 1～5　 AACDB　 6～10　 ABDCC　 11～15　 CCBAC 16～20　 BBAAB　 21～22　 BD 用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1．come 主句用將來時, 從句用一般現在時表示將來。 2．haven't heard so far與現在完成時連用。 3．had landed 在 reached之前發生, 故用過去完成時。 4．thought 5．have been discussing, haven't reached 討論從過去開始一直到現在, 但是到目前仍沒有結論。 6．agreed 主句是過去時, 從句動作受它影響。 7． is studying 8．was watching 沒有看到我, 那時正觀看金魚。 9．won't take 10．were enjoying, came