2024屆高考英語1輪復(fù)習(xí)牛津譯林江蘇專版課件:M4 Unit 3《Tomorrow’s World》
2.主語從句用虛擬語氣的句式主要有3種: (1)在It is important/necessary that…等主語從句中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。 (2)在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame) that從句中有時(shí)也用should,此時(shí)表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意。 若不用虛擬語氣則不帶感情色彩,比較: It's a pity that he failed the exam.
他考試沒及格,真是遺憾。 It's a pity that he should have failed the exam.
他考試竟沒及格,真是遺憾。 (3)It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that從句中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。 3.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句句式主要有: (1)The+名詞+is/was that表語從句。這些名詞是表示請求、要求、命令、建議等意義的名詞如:advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等。表語從句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為:(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 (2)It looks as if表語從句。如表達(dá)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過去式,與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。不過,要注意如果表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是真實(shí)可信的,則用直陳語氣,使用實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)。 It is getting dark. It looks as if it is going to rain.
天變暗了,看來要下雨了(跡象表明要下雨,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷此種情況下通常會(huì)下雨)。 4.同位語從句中的虛擬語氣: 在“名詞+that…”同位語從句中,如果名詞為表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞如:advice 建議,demand 要求,desire 愿望, decision 決定, idea意見, motion 提議, order命令, proposal 提議, requirement 要求, request 請求,regulation 規(guī)章, suggestion 建議等名詞時(shí),其同位語從句要用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu):主語+(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 5.定語從句中的虛擬語氣比較少見,在“是做某事的時(shí)候了”句式中從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should do 或過去式。 It is about/high time that we had/ should have a thorough cleaning. 是搞大掃除的時(shí)候了。 6.含蓄虛擬條件句:即沒有出現(xiàn)明顯的假設(shè)條件,而是把條件從句隱藏在上下文中的一類條件句,其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下: (1)將條件隱含在不定式短語中; To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.
假如你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些,你就考試及格了。
(2)將條件隱含在現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語中; Given more time, I would have done it better. 假若多給些時(shí)間,我會(huì)做得更好。 (3)將條件隱含在介詞短語中,常見介詞有but for和without; But for your help we couldn't have succeeded in the experiment.
如果沒有你的幫助,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。 (4)將條件隱含在名詞短語中; Another word, and I would beat you flat. 你再說一句話,我就把你打倒在地。 (5)將條件隱含在某些連詞中, 常見連詞有 otherwise和or else; I'm really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我確實(shí)很忙,要不然我肯定會(huì)和你一起去那兒。 (6)將條件隱含在定語從句中; Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.
凡是看過那畫的人,都可能把它看成是照片。 (7)將條件隱含在but引導(dǎo)的并列句中; I would have attended her wedding ceremony, but I was so occupied.
本想?yún)⒓铀幕槎Y的,但當(dāng)時(shí)我太忙。 (8)將條件隱含在其他形式的上下文中。 Don't bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.
不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了,那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。 1. ________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When
B. If
C. Had
D. Has
C 但容易誤選B。不能選B,主要是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would have succeeded,這表明是對過去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè),所以從句謂語應(yīng)該是 had followed,所以,如果選B,句子應(yīng)該是 if he had followed my advice。但按英語語法,在此類表示虛擬條件的從句中,若有 had, should, were 等詞,便可省略 if,而將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。 2. The man in prison insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ set free.
A. had done; should be
B. should do; should be
C. had done; had been
D. should do; had been A 此題容易誤選B,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 insist 后的從句謂語要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。事實(shí)上,insist后的從句謂語是否用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣,要看該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說來,若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,或尚未成為事實(shí),則用虛擬語氣; 若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí),則要用陳述語氣。對上題而言,坐牢的這個(gè)人堅(jiān)持了兩點(diǎn):一是沒做錯(cuò)事,二是應(yīng)該釋放。很顯然,在坐牢這個(gè)人看來,“沒做錯(cuò)事”應(yīng)該是事實(shí),故用陳述語氣;“被釋放”還不是事實(shí)(因?yàn)樗€在坐牢),故用虛擬語氣。所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)為A。 3. — It looks as if he were drunk.
— So it does. ________. A. He'd better give up drinking B. He shouldn't have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so
D 但A、B、C均有可能誤選,主要是受題中 drunk 一詞的影響。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk 中的關(guān)鍵詞were,因?yàn)樗砻鞔司涞闹^語為虛擬語氣,也就是說,“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí),只是他的言行好像是喝醉了,所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意,句中的 so it does 表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“他看上去的確像是喝醉了”。類似用法:“The house looks beautiful.” “Yes, so it does.” “這房子看上去很美。”“是的,看上去的確很美。”此句中的 so it does 也表強(qiáng)調(diào)。 * 4、 at a speed of
以某種速度 ◆New maglev train nowadays can travel at an amazing speed of 430 km / h.
目前的磁懸浮火車能以每小時(shí)430千米的驚人速度行駛。 at top / full speed 以全速 speed up 加速 at a safe / dangerous / low / high speed 以安全 / 危險(xiǎn) / 低 / 高的速度 pick up / gather speed 加快速度 ◆He was driving at top speed down the street when the accident happened.
當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí)他正沿著街道高速駕駛。 ◆This drug may have the effect of speeding up your heart rate.
這種藥物能夠使你的心率加速。 Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment… 使用者不僅能夠感受到攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的每一步的艱辛,還能體驗(yàn)到周圍環(huán)境的寒冷、氣味、景觀和聲音……。 (1) not only…but also 應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)相對稱的并列成分(主語、謂語、賓語、狀語或分句)。 ◆She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.= She doesn't only sing well but also dance beautifully.
她不僅唱得好,而且跳得也很好看。 (2) not only…but also 連接兩個(gè)分句,并且 not only 位于句首時(shí),第一個(gè)分句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。 ◆Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. 太陽不僅給我們光,還給了我們熱。 ◆Not only did your remark annoy Alixon but also it ruined our party.
你那番話不僅惹怒了Alixon, 還毀了我們的聚會(huì)。 (3)not only…but also 不能用在否定句中。 誤: They don't fear not only hardship but also death. 正: They fear neither hardship nor death. 正: They don't fear either hardship or death. (4) not only…but also 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要和與其最近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 ◆Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不僅僅學(xué)生,而且老師也反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 ◆Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
不僅僅老師,學(xué)生也反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 B “新技術(shù)用在了教學(xué)中。結(jié)果,不僅老師可以節(jié)省精力,而且學(xué)生也對課程更感興趣了。”考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。not only+分句一+but(also)+分句二。當(dāng)not only位于句首時(shí),常用部分倒裝語序,即分句一部分倒裝。 New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only ______, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers' energy
B. was teachers' energy saved
C. teachers' energy was saved
D. was saved teachers' energy 1. A transparent 透明的; reasonable 合理的; securer 更安全的; format 格式,形式。 1. The state-run company is required to make its
accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.(2011·湖北)
A. transparent
B. reasonable
C. securer
D. format 2. A solution 解決方法; target 目標(biāo); measure 測量; function 功能,作用。 2. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________.(2010·浙江)
A. solution
B. target
C. measure
D. function 3. D 句意:工人們把玻璃制品包裝好,在每個(gè)箱子上標(biāo)明“此面向上”。 3. The workers ________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)
A. carried
B. delivered
C. pressed
D. packed 如何寫好定語從句
寫好定語從句,掌握先行詞與從句的位置非常重要。定語從句要置于先行詞(即被修飾詞)之后,譯為:“……的”,其次要掌握從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。 【句型1】(…)先行詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 + 從句 點(diǎn)津:關(guān)系代詞代替的是先行詞,在從句中要充當(dāng)主語或賓語。 The child
who
is
reading
there
is the monitor. 在那兒讀書的那個(gè)孩子是班長。
【句型2】(…)先行詞 + prep. + which / whom + 從句 He teaches in a
school,
at
the
back
of
which there is a river. 他在一所學(xué)校教書,學(xué)校后面有條河。 點(diǎn)津:介詞(短語)后的關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用 which,指人時(shí)只能用 whom,都不可用 that代替。 【句型3】(…)such / the same …as + 從句 Children should read
such
books
as
are
recommended
to
them
by
their
teachers.
小孩子應(yīng)該讀他們老師所推薦的那些書。 點(diǎn)津:①as作定語從句連詞時(shí),一定要與such / the same搭配。 ②as代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。 【句型4】(…)先行詞 + 關(guān)系副詞 + 從句 The
small
mountain
village
where
we
spent
our
holiday
last
month lies in what is now part of Hunan. 上個(gè)月我們度假的那個(gè)小山村在現(xiàn)在的湖南的一個(gè)地方。(where = at which) 點(diǎn)津:先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞。在定語從句中用作狀語時(shí)用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞。 翻譯下列句子 1. 想要學(xué)習(xí)這些課程的學(xué)生至少要有3年學(xué)習(xí)英語的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
______________________________________________ 1. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experience.
2. 約翰·肯尼迪 (John Kennedy) 是美國最年輕的總統(tǒng),他的名字為大多數(shù)美國人所熟悉。
________________________________________________________________________ 2. John Kennedy was the youngest president in America, whose name is known to most Americans.
3. 這是我們都感興趣的一個(gè)題目。
________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is a subject which we are interested in.
4. 目前中國有約3.5億吸煙者,其中75%是男性,25%是女性。
________________________________________________________________________ 4. Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75% are men and 25% are women.
5. 請送給我們一些像你昨日送來的那種蘋果。
________________________________________________________________________ 5. Please send us such kind of apples as you did yesterday.
6. 他的感覺同我的感覺一樣。
________________________________________________________________________ 6. He has the same feeling as I have.
7. 所有的鄰居都羨慕這個(gè)家庭,在其父母對待孩子就像朋友一樣這個(gè)方面。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. All the neighbors admire this family,where the parents are treating their child like a friend.
8. 我來是為了向你解釋我當(dāng)時(shí)沒到會(huì)的原因。 ________________________________________________________________________ 8. I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting. 9. 這兒曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間既沒有廣播,也沒有電話或者電視。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. There was a time when there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here.
虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示說話人的一種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測、建議等,不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。包括兩種情況:與事實(shí)相反,純屬假設(shè);雖然還不是事實(shí),但可能變?yōu)槭聦?shí)。所以,特別注意,不能把虛擬語氣簡單地理解為“不可能”的事實(shí)。表示“不可能”的虛擬用法只是虛擬語氣的一部分,主要用于條件句中。 如:If I were you,I'd make a change in life.我當(dāng)然無法變成你,所以這是純粹的不可能成為事實(shí)的假設(shè)。但在It's high time that we had dinner.中顯然表達(dá)“大家應(yīng)該去”,而且這種呼吁很快就會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。可見,此句表達(dá)的是說話人的一種“提醒,建議”含義的虛擬語氣。
條件句中的虛擬語氣是虛擬語氣的重要內(nèi)容之一,該種情況采用假設(shè)條件從而得出相應(yīng)結(jié)果的方式,表達(dá)與實(shí)際事實(shí)相反的虛擬情況。虛擬條件的時(shí)間分為3種:現(xiàn)在,過去,將來。各種主從句對應(yīng)時(shí)間一致的虛擬句式如下: 1.與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相反(前為從句,后為主句): If+主語 +動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were), 主語 +would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。 2.與過去時(shí)間相反: If+主語 +had done, 主語 + would/should/could/might+have done。 3.與將來時(shí)間相反: (1)If+主語 +動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were),
主語 +would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形; (2)If+主語 +should +動(dòng)詞原形,
主語 +would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形; (3)If+主語 + were to+動(dòng)詞原形, 主語 +would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。 4.主從句時(shí)間不一致時(shí),主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式采用組裝法,即從句對應(yīng)什么時(shí)間就用相對應(yīng)的表達(dá)式,同樣主句對應(yīng)什么時(shí)間也用相對應(yīng)的表達(dá)式。 5. 在虛擬條件狀語從句中,如果含有had, should 或were時(shí),可將if省略,將這些詞提前。 1.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣主要有3種情況: (1)表示建議、命令、請求、要求、意圖等含義的動(dòng)詞suggest, advise, insist, order, command, require, request, demand, ask, prefer等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),賓語從句用虛擬語氣,句式結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形”,其中should可以省略。但當(dāng)should表“暗示,表明”,insist表示“堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說”時(shí),賓語從句用陳述語氣。 (2)wish之后的賓語從句,表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,常用虛擬語氣。其主要形式有3種: ①表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬: wish + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were); ②表示對過去情況的虛擬: wish + 主語 + had + 過去分詞; ③表示對將來情況的虛擬: wish + 主語 + would + 動(dòng)詞原形。
(3)would rather引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句為過去時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用had done; 從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用一般過去式(be用were);從句是將來時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。 Unit 3
Tomorrow's
world 1、 besides adv. & prep. 除……以外還……, 如同 plus(+)。 ◆They all went there besides Tom.
除湯姆去了以外,他們也都去了。 ◆I don't like the color of the dress. Besides, it's too expensive.
我不喜歡這裙子的顏色,另外它也太貴了。 except 意思是“除了……之外”。 except for 是except引申出來的一個(gè)詞組,它所指代的除去的部分和主題不是一個(gè)層次的。 except +從句 除了…… but
prep. 除了……,相當(dāng)于apart from; except apart from 既可以相當(dāng)于except for, 又可以相當(dāng)于besides ◆I enjoy doing anything in the holiday except doing homework.
假期里我什么都愿意干,就是不想做作業(yè)。 ◆Your article is quite good this time except for some spelling mistakes.
你的文章很好,就是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(這里的文章和拼寫錯(cuò)誤不是一個(gè)層面上的東西) ◆He never goes out except when he needs to buy something.
除了需要買東西外,他從不出門。 ◆I could come every day except Thursday.
除了星期四,我每天都能來。 ◆Apart from the low salary, it's not a bad job.
除了薪水少了點(diǎn),這工作不算差。 I would go with you, ______ I have to work that day.
A. besides
B. except