2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺：專題精選任務(wù)型閱讀
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺專題精選任務(wù)型閱讀
一、題型特點(diǎn)與實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練
一、任務(wù)型閱讀的題型特點(diǎn)
江蘇省高考英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀題目要求根據(jù)所讀，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全全文提綱，概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。任務(wù)型閱讀提供了兩種示例——表格式和樹狀式。題例中要求考生根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意每空一詞。其中在第二示例中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)“補(bǔ)全填空應(yīng)符合語(yǔ)法和搭配要求”。這些要求考生能夠順利讀懂文章，并能夠掌握文章大意和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架。同時(shí)也要求考生擁有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，做到自如應(yīng)用。Don’t forget there may also be some other problems.
= Do _________ there may also be some other problems.
Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.
= Shyness and ___________ make it easy to make mistakes.
28 of the 33 gold medalists wore the body covering Rastskin suit.
=Rastskin suit was __________ by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners at the Sydney Olympics.
To?achieve?success,?you?need?to?have?a?clear?aim?and?strong?determination.
=If?you?are?to?_________,?you?should?be?determined.?
Don’t speak in an angry way.
=Don’t speak ___________
After-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
= After-school programming is an effective method to help young people make ____________to society.
The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
A tsunami(海嘯) hits southern Africa,
______
cities on the African coast, and_________
millions of people.
Be responsible for your own learning
=Take ____________for your own learning
Skin color is also affected by another source vitamin D.
=Vitamin D is another source___________ skin color.
We should consider what the other person needs and expects.
=Needs and ___________ of others should be taken into ______________.
2. 注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換
The cheating athlete is not easy to catch out.
= The cheating athlete is not __________ caught out.
Building a list can be difficult.
= A list can be difficult to ____________=It can be difficult to build a list
It should offer important information.
= It’s ___________ to offer important information.
Find some information before you talk to career advisers.
=Find some information before ________ career advisers.
About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times faster than sound.
=One piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the __________ of sound.
Please greet others whenever you can.
=Please greet others whenever____________
As the company expands, it becomes more popular.
=With the company ___________, it becomes more popular.
It’s worth taking the time.
=The time you spend will be ___________
3. 另選其它詞來釋義（注意常用短語(yǔ)的記憶）
You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.
=You are encouraged to keep records of the sources just in __________.
People play indoor sports in all weathers.
= People play indoor sports __________ the weather.
Half of the parents didn’t know about their children’s motor skills.
= Half of the parents were not __________ of their children’s motor skills.
These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous. They must work at their jobs while training.
=These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous and they must ____________ their work with training.
Don’t spend time on some meaningless words.
=____________spending time on some meaningless words.
學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括詞匯
概括詞匯有時(shí)可以在文章中找到，有時(shí)要注意常見的搭配和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)另想它詞。在平時(shí)練習(xí)中注意運(yùn)用和記憶。
概括性詞匯：
原因和結(jié)果 cause(s) (of…..); reason(s)( for….); analysis ( about..)
effect(s); result(s); consequence(s)
態(tài)度觀點(diǎn) attitude(s) ( to/ towards…); opinion(s) (on/about….)
比較 comparison(s) between A and B
異同 difference(s); similarity(similarities)
優(yōu)劣 benefit(s); (dis)advantage(s); (in)convenience; strength(s); weakness(es)
目的 purpose(s); aim(s); goal(s)
建議預(yù)計(jì) advice; suggestion(s); tip(s);
prediction; forecast
問題 problem(s)
方式方法 means (of….); method(s)(of…) ; way(s)(to do); approach(es)(to doing) ; solution(s) to sth; how (to do….)
總結(jié)概括
summary; conclusion
特點(diǎn) feature (s); characteristic(s)
重要意義 significance; importance; meaning
定義主題 definition（定義）; theme(主題); topic（話題）
來源用途 source（來源）; origin（起源）; use; usage; function（功能）
種類 kind; type; category
步驟過程 steps; procedures; process
措施行動(dòng) measures; steps; action(s)
評(píng)論評(píng)價(jià)反應(yīng) comment(on/about…); remark(on/upon); assessment(評(píng)估); response (to .sth) ; reaction(to sth)
背景信息簡(jiǎn)介 background information(on/ about….); brief introduction(to…)
事件時(shí)間地點(diǎn) event(s); time; place
和人有關(guān)的名詞 birthday, birthplace, death, nationality, education, appearance, salary, activity(activities); achievement(s)
和地方有關(guān)的名詞 a place of interest, a tourist attraction, tourism, destination, area, location, history, climate, population, culture—cultural, politics—political; economy---economic; custom(s), tradition(s), transport/ transportation; the living conditions
和疾病有關(guān)的名詞 definition; cause(s), symptom(s); prevention; treatment(s)
例： A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.
Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.
Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:
IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:
Cards that hold money.
Cards that provide safe access to a network.
Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.
Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.
Title:
Smart cards
(1)___________ (2)____________ (3)_____________ (4)____________
IC Chip Cards A larger memory &
Better security
Hold data Not mentioned Popularity
Large memory
Low cost of
cards
Optical Memory
cards Store much data
Good for doctors
Drivers and travelers
to keep records
Cost not much Unchangeable data
No processors
Expensive car readers
附：任務(wù)型閱讀中的高頻詞：
1.使某人能夠做enable / allow sb to do
2.不能做某事fail to do
3.絕非易事no easy job
4.避免做avoid doing
5.包括……including sth= sth included
6.導(dǎo)致result in= lead to=contribute to=bring about = cause= give rise to
7.符合需求meet/ satisfy / suit one’s needs/ wants/ demands/ requirements
8.充分利用make the most of=make the best(use) of= make full use of
9.依靠depend on=be dependent on
10.建立在……基礎(chǔ)上be based on
11.做某事有困難have difficulties with sth
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth
12.參與participate in =get/be involved in
13.獻(xiàn)身于，投入于devote ….to sth/doing
14.一刻，四分之一quarter
十年decade
一個(gè)世紀(jì)century
15.和……相似be similar to
16.熟悉……be familiar with
17.重要/有價(jià)值/有用/有幫助
be of importance/ significance/ value/ use/ help= be important/ significant/ valuable/ useful/ helpful
18.在……幫助下with the help of
=with the aid/ assistance of….
19.在某人許可之下with one’s permission
20.開始存在come into being/ existence
21.影響……h(huán)ave a…effect on = affect
22.被……取代be replaced by/ with
23.在上升中be increasing/ rising
=be on the increase/ rise
在減少中be decreasing/declining/
dropping=be on the decrease/ decline
24.除了做……別無選擇
have no choice/ alternative/ option but to do
25.對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；是……成因
be responsible for= take responsibility for
26.對(duì)……有害do harm to= be harmful to
27.對(duì)……有好處be good for=do good to=be beneficial to = be of benefit to….= benefit sb/ sth
28.對(duì)……造成威脅be a threat to sth
= be dangerous to ….
29.意識(shí)到be aware / conscious of
提高意識(shí)raise/ increase one’s awareness of
30.有機(jī)會(huì)利用/進(jìn)入have access to….
31.和……相等；勝任于be equal to…
32.有規(guī)律的/地regular(ly)
33.舒適的/地
comfortable-comfortably
34.大多數(shù)the majority of the students= most of the students = most students
35.占多數(shù)in the majority
占少數(shù)in the minority
36.大的百分比a large percentage of…
37.毀壞(v) destroy
毀壞(n) destruction
38.可得到的available
39.建立set up=found=establish
組成form a team/ band
40.消失(v)disappear 消失(n) disappearance
41.對(duì)…感到自豪be proud of=take pride in
42.描述(v) describe
描述(n) description
43.起……作用play a role in…
44.保持平衡keep a balance
45.考慮……consider …..= take….into consideration/ account
46.和……有聯(lián)系be related to= relate to=be linked with/ to= be connected with/ to = be associated with
47.以紀(jì)念/以對(duì)某人表示敬意in honor of
48.以慶祝in celebration of
49.一開始in the beginning
在……開始at the beginning of…
50.使某人想起；提醒某人注意
remind sb of sth
51.和……和諧相處live in harmony with
= live harmoniously with
52.對(duì)……造成損害do /cause damage to..
53.成本高at high cost
54.以認(rèn)可……in recognition of….
55.阻止某人做prevent / stop/ keep sb from
56.保持健康keep fit/ healthy
57.鼓勵(lì)某人做encourage sb to do
在某人鼓勵(lì)之下under one’s encouragement
在某人指導(dǎo)之下under one’s guidance
58.成功地做manage to do= succeed in doing
59.受傷(v) injure
受傷(n) injury
受傷(adj) injured
60.遭受……suffer from….
61.被限制到be limited to n/ doing
一個(gè)……的限制a limit to…
61.人們普遍接受…
It is widely(=generally) accepted that.
我認(rèn)為……是可接受的
I think it acceptable that…
62.獲得成功achieve success;
達(dá)到目的achieve one’s goal
63.除了..之外還有in addition to= besides= apart from=as well as…
除了..沒有apart from=except=but =other than
64.在……方面取得進(jìn)步
make progress=an advance in sth
65.對(duì)……厭倦be bored with=be tired of
=be fed up with
66.謹(jǐn)慎（n）caution
謹(jǐn)慎(adj) cautious
67.結(jié)合（v）combine
結(jié)合(n)
combination
68.和sb交流communicate with
=have communication with
69.對(duì)….自信be confident of…
=have confidence in…
70.由……組成consist of= be made up of
71. 對(duì)…作出貢獻(xiàn)
make contributions to=contribute to..
72.被控制住be controlled =be under control
73.處在滅絕的危險(xiǎn)中in danger of dying out
74.為某人樹立榜樣set an example to sb
75.符合某人的期待
come/ live up to one’s expectations
76.面對(duì)……be faced with= face
77.成長(zhǎng)(v) grow
成長(zhǎng)(n)
growth
78.缺少實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)lack practical experience =be lacking in …..= be short of……
因?yàn)槿薄?for lack of….
79.身心健康physical and mental health
be healthy physically and mentally
80.積極的positive
消極的negative
81.現(xiàn)象 phenomenon→phenomena
