2024屆高考英語二輪專題檢測精品練習：閱讀理解（20）

　　高考英語二輪專題檢測精品練習：閱讀理解（20）

　　A

　　Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺騙)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

　　For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”

　　This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!

　　He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.

　　Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(對手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

　　Advertisers(廣告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

　　This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

　　49. How much did the lottery winner lose?

　　A. One hundred dollars.

　　B. Two hundred dollars.

　　C. Three hundred dollars.

　　D. Four hundred dollars.

　　50. We may infer that the author believes people should _______.

　　A. buy lottery tickets

　　B. make use of half-truths

　　C. not take anything at face value

　　D. not trust the Yucky Company

　　52. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?

　　A. False statements are easy to see through.

　　B Half-truths are often used to mislead people.

　　C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.

　　D. Advertisements are based on facts.

　　51. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?

　　A. final increase

　　B. big advantage

　　C. large share

　　D. total saving

　　B

　　Those who have suffered from insomnia know the sinking feeling of watching the clock tick. Now a new study in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that lying in bed awake may actually contribute to the problem of sleeplessness.

　　The study of 79 adults (average age 72) with insomnia aimed to determine whether brief behavioral interventions for insomnia would help. Traditional behavioral therapy（療法）requires at least half a dozen hour-long sessions with a therapist — a costly commitment many patients either can't make or don't have access to. Other options include sleep-aiding medications or supplements. In the current study, the 39 participants in the behavioral therapy group received a 45- to 60-minute instructing session, plus a 30-minute follow-up session and two 20-minute phone calls.

　　Doctors offered the following behavioral interventions for improving sleep: reduce time in bed; get up at the same time every day, regardless of sleep duration; don't go to bed unless sleepy; and don't stay in bed unless asleep.

　　The other 40 participants in the study were given printed educational materials about insomnia, which included the same instructions given to the intervention group, but without the individualized sessions with a therapist. Two weeks later, the latter group also got a 10-minute follow-up phone call.

　　At the end of four weeks, the behavioral treatment group was significantly more likely to show improvements in sleep than the printed-materials group. By that time, 55% of those who received behavioral treatment no longer met the criteria for insomnia, compared with 13% of the group that got educational brochures.

　　The good news comes at the same time as a report on the health effects of insomnia from the U.K.'s Mental Health Foundation. The report, Sleep Matters, suggests a link between insomnia and poor relationships, low energy levels and an inability to concentrate. Poor sleep has already been linked to depression, immune deficiency and heart disease.

　　What is the meaning of the underlined word “ insomnia”?

　　A. sleeplessness

　　B. depression

　　C. heart disease

　　D. immune deficiency

　　67. What is the disadvantage of traditional behavioral therapy?

　　A. It can’t help.

　　B. It costs a lot of money.

　　C. It requires sessions with a therapist.

　　D. It includes sleep-aiding medications.

　　68. How to improve sleep according to the doctor?

　　A. Lying in bed awake.

　　B. Get up early every day.

　　C. Don’t go to bed late at night.

　　D. Don’t stay in bed if you are not asleep.

　　69. We can learn from the text that insomnia may cause the following results except________.

　　A. depression

　　B. concentration

　　C. immune deficiency

　　D. heart disease

　　70. What can we infer from the study?

　　A. The intervention group was not given the printed materials.

　　B. The latter group of the study was not given follow-up phone calls.

　　C. The behavioral treatment group was less likely to show improvements.

　　D. The instructing session that the intervention group received is most effective.

　　C

　　（2024福建卷）

　　As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take "direct action", even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (財政補貼) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民) .

　　Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.

　　Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (聯(lián)合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.

　　We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.

　　Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.

　　The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an "acceptable" report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion（猜疑）that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.

　　72. We can learn from the first paragraph that__________.

　　A. energy policy catches much attention of the public

　　B. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms

　　C. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies

　　D. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents

　　73. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power____.

　　A. is more rapid than that of carbon-based power

　　B. guarantees an increase in energy output

　　C. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power

　　D. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation

　　74. It can be inferred from the passage that____.

　　A. an official report will settle the energy problem

　　B. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms

　　C. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation

　　D. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts

　　75. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?

　　A. Increase political impact on energy policy.

　　B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.

　　C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.

　　D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.

　　D

　　Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The price was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.

　　Then he did something that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a menu(菜單), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he gave to the lady supplied a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.

　　1. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?

　　A. Because the price was high.

　　B. Because the food was too cheap.

　　C. Because the food was not good.

　　D. The passage didn’t mention.

　　2. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______.

　　A. poor old people

　　B. rich young people

　　C. men with their girl friends

　　D. parents with their children

　　3. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in _______.

　　A. the color

　　B. the shape

　　C. the price

　　D. the food

　　4. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid _______.

　　A. always by the ladies only

　　B. always by the men only

　　C. sometimes by the ladies

　　D. either by the men or by the ladies

　　5. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking,_____.

　　A. men are more generous than women

　　B. women are more generous than men

　　C. men like their lady friends to be generous

　　D. women like their men friends to be generous

　　A

　　篇揭露了一個社會問題――

　　49【標準答案】A。

　　【高考考點】細節(jié)理解題。

　　【試題解析】從文章第二、三段的I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票).We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets可知這個中獎者買了200美元的彩票，贏了100美元，實際上他輸了100美元，并不是真正的贏家。

　　50【標準答案】C。

　　【高考考點】推理判斷題。

　　【試題解析】文章通過幾個例子最后得出結論，認為人們不應該只從事物的表面來看問題，接受表面上的價值。

　　51【標準答案】A。

　　【高考考點】詞義猜測題。

　　【試題解析】從第五段開始一句…h(huán)er state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. 可知表示工作崗位最終增加了200萬。

　　52【標準答案】B。

　　【高考考點】推理判斷題。

　　【試題解析】第六段前兩句

　　Advertisers(廣告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth.Half-truths常被用來誤導顧客。

　　B【參考答案】66—70ABDBD

　　C【考點】考察資訊報道類閱讀

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇資訊報道，在英國的鮑爾科姆，人們對于風電項目的發(fā)展有了支持和反對兩者不同意見。作者在文章里闡述了雙方的觀點，并提出了自己的意見：把這個問題報道出來，讓全國人們對此進行討論并做出決定。

　　72. 【答案】A

　　【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第一句As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.可知沒有別的問題比energy policy更引起人們的擔心了，也就是說energy policy引起了人們最大的擔心。故A正確。

　　73. 【答案】D

　　【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后2行Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.可知支持者認為風電的擴張是符合歐盟無碳排放的標準的。故D正確。

　　74. 【答案】B

　　【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段Those who disagree with the rapid expansion ….和 Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables…可知對于風電的擴張方面，兩方面的觀點是有分歧的。故B正確。

　　75. 【答案】C

　　【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.可知作者提出把這個問題報道出來，讓全國人們對此進行討論并做出決定。故C正確。

　　【長難句解析】

　　As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.

　　【翻譯】最近幾天在鮑爾科姆，沒有別的問題比energy policy更引起人們的擔心了

　　【分析】本句中的few issues cause greater concern than energy policy使用了否定詞few加比較級greater連用表示最高級的用法。

　　White

　　Rose 餐館價錢合理，飯菜也好，但很少有人光顧，店主為此想出了一條妙計，從此餐館生意興隆。

　　1. D。判斷題。根據(jù)第1段可知原文沒有說人們?yōu)槭裁床坏讲宛^就餐，所以答案為D。

　　2. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1句 …h(huán)is restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知答案為 C。

　　3. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段 The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher price

　　可知答案為 C。

　　4. B。推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推斷出答案為B。

　　5. D。推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知侍者給男士的那個菜單價格合理，而給女士的那個菜單價格卻很高，但兩種菜單表面上看卻一樣，這樣女士就會認為她們的男友很大方，因此餐館的這種做法很受男士歡迎，由此可知女人們喜歡自己的男友大方。所以答案為 D。