2024英語(yǔ)必考點(diǎn)逐個(gè)擊破快速提分:考點(diǎn)妙解18 名詞
典型例題
縱觀近幾年全國(guó)、上海、北京等地的高考試題,對(duì)名詞的考查往往涉及名詞作定語(yǔ)(如:He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.),抽象名詞具體化(如: WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!),區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拿~,某個(gè)名詞在不同場(chǎng)合下的具體意義和一些名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)名詞主要考查:
1.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的規(guī)則及不規(guī)則變化。
2.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的判斷與用法——對(duì)比。
3.名詞的所有格,包括’s所有格,…of…所有格和雙重所有格的用法。
4.名詞作定語(yǔ)和名詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)語(yǔ)及用法等。
5.名詞的詞義辨析。
應(yīng)試同分瓶頸
縱觀歷年來(lái)高考對(duì)名詞的考查,主要體現(xiàn)為一個(gè)“活”字。因此要求考生平時(shí)加強(qiáng)關(guān)于名詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),如:名詞的數(shù)、名詞的所有格、主謂一致及一些有關(guān)名詞的固定搭配。通過(guò)對(duì)比、歸納、總結(jié)等方法,記憶、理解部分知識(shí),并將名詞常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理清楚。另外在做題時(shí)靈活使用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),把握重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),認(rèn)真審題,依據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析判斷。
近幾年的高考題對(duì)名詞的考查一般集中在名詞的辨析上。所以在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意名詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的正確使用和細(xì)微差別,另外還要注意名詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配用法。抽象名詞的具體化也應(yīng)該引起重視。surprise不可數(shù)表示“驚奇”,可數(shù)為“令人驚奇的事情”;shame不可數(shù)為“羞愧”,可數(shù)為“令人羞愧的事”,除此之外還有:honour,failure,success,pleasure,pity等。
◎命題點(diǎn)1
名詞的數(shù)
◎命題點(diǎn)2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語(yǔ)
命題點(diǎn)1
名詞的數(shù)
本類考題解答錦囊
名詞有數(shù)的區(qū)分。在英語(yǔ)中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。有些名詞既可以是可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,但所表達(dá)的意義不同。我們?cè)趹?yīng)試時(shí)要考慮以下幾點(diǎn):
1.名詞的可數(shù)性及其易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)體名詞和大部分集合名詞是可數(shù)的,而專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞以及小部分集合名詞則通常是不可數(shù)的。但是這種區(qū)分只是大致的,并不是絕對(duì)的。英語(yǔ)中有些名詞往往既可以是可數(shù)的也可以是不可數(shù)的。
A:Would you like a cake?要吃塊蛋糕嗎?
B:NO,Idon't like cake.不吃,我不喜歡吃蛋糕。
以上第一句用acake,這是把cake視為一塊一塊的“蛋糕”,所以它是可數(shù)的;而第二句只用 cake,這是把它當(dāng)作物質(zhì)名詞看待,所以它成了不可數(shù)名詞。
抽象名詞是表示事物性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可數(shù)的。但是,有時(shí)抽象名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為具體名詞(可數(shù)),表示具有某種性質(zhì)的人或事物:Success成功(不可數(shù))→asuccess成功的人或事(可數(shù));pleasure愉快(不可數(shù))→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可數(shù))。
2.可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)。
(1)修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)有these,those,few,afew,many,agood(great)many,agreat (good)number of等。
(2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)有this,that,little,a littlt,a bit of ,much,a great deal of, a large amount of等。
Ⅰ高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took__________pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of C. the number of
D. a large amount of
命題目的與解題技巧:此題考查表示“許多”的名詞修飾語(yǔ)。
【解 析】 many,masses of,a number of,a large amount of 都可以表示“許多的”“大量的”。其中,many,a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞;masses of可用于可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞前。A項(xiàng)多一個(gè)of;C項(xiàng)the number of指“……的數(shù)量”,與題意不符;D項(xiàng)不能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞pictures.
【答
案】
B
2.(典型例題) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20
pence off_______.
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
答案:
3.(典型例題)--Brad was Jane's brotherDo you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.
A. matter
B. hope
C. desire
D. thought
答案:
2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.
A. position
B. situation
C. state
D. condition
答案:
3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口譯員)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance
B. achievement
C. material
D. words
答案:
4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion, there are_______that should be
kept up.
A. degrees
B. levels
C. limits
D. standards
答案:
命題點(diǎn)2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語(yǔ)
本類考題解答錦囊
英語(yǔ)名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,它分’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。名詞還可以作另外一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)。在做此類題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.所有格的含義
(1)表示所屬:Tom'scar湯姆的小車
(2)表示類別:awomen's c0llege女子學(xué)院
(3)表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者:
theteacher'spraise老師的表?yè)P(yáng)
children's education兒童教育
2.雙重所有格
雙重所有格構(gòu)成有(1)名詞+of+名詞所有格。如:afriend。of my father's.(2)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:some friends of mine.它表示部分概念,。of短語(yǔ)修飾的名詞前通常有表示數(shù)詞的限定詞a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等。如:Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus.我哥哥的幾個(gè)朋友將和我們一起去.
3.名詞作定語(yǔ)
一個(gè)名詞作另外一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ),如a coffee cup(不能說(shuō)a coffee's cup),a shoe shop(不可說(shuō)a shoe's shop或a shoes shop).
Ⅰ
高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題) The village is far away from here indeed.
It's_______walk.
A. a four hour
B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours'
命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)。
【解 析】.所以答案為D.
【答 案】
D
2.(典型例題季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.
A. three-hour
B. a three hour
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
答案:
3.(典型例題)The______ is just around the corner and
you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycle's shop
答案:B.
4.(典型例題)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so her mother went to some ______stores.
A. shoes; shoes
B. shoes; shoe
C. shoe; shoes
D. shoe;shoe
答案:
Ⅱ題點(diǎn)經(jīng)典類型題
1.(典型例題測(cè))If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.
A. eighteen years
B. at age of eighteen
C. eighteen-year-old
D. eighteen years of age
命題目的與解題技巧:本題考查名詞作主語(yǔ)。
【解 析】注意年齡的幾種表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 為合成定語(yǔ)形容詞。
【答 案】 D
2.(典型例題測(cè))His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us were quite surprised.
A. out of practice
B. out of place
C. out of politeness
D. out of pity
答案:
3(典型例題評(píng))Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.
A. cost
B. food
C. products
D. production
答案:
4.(典型例題中)Is there a ______for rising prices?
A. way
B. cure
C. medicine
D. method
答案:
5.(典型例題聯(lián))Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people drink alcohol.
A. temper
B. mood
C. pressures
D. consciousness
答案:
Ⅲ
新高考命題探究
1.It's bad for a man to smoke in the public places
where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
答案:
2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.
A. measure
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
答案:
3.He had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.
A. report
B. thought
C. idea
D. news
答案:
4.The headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.
A. thought
B. thinking
C. idea
D. sense
答案:
探究性命題綜合測(cè)試
考場(chǎng)熱身
1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?
--I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our______.
A. mind
B. point
C. reach
D. sight
答案: of one's reach表示:無(wú)法達(dá)到的,力所不能及的,無(wú)法理解的;out of(one's)sight意為:看不見,在視野之外。
2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?
--______.
A. Palmer's
B. The Palmer
C. The Palmers
D. The Palmer
答案:
3.lf you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
答案:
4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. look
答案:
5.We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
答案:
6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
答案:
7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.
--OK. Thank you for reminding me.
A. valuables
B. suitcases
C. gifts
D. bags
答案:
8.If the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______
A. information
B. advice
C. message
D. notice
典型例題
縱觀近幾年全國(guó)、上海、北京等地的高考試題,對(duì)名詞的考查往往涉及名詞作定語(yǔ)(如:He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.),抽象名詞具體化(如: WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!),區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拿~,某個(gè)名詞在不同場(chǎng)合下的具體意義和一些名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)名詞主要考查:
1.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的規(guī)則及不規(guī)則變化。
2.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的判斷與用法——對(duì)比。
3.名詞的所有格,包括’s所有格,…of…所有格和雙重所有格的用法。
4.名詞作定語(yǔ)和名詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)語(yǔ)及用法等。
5.名詞的詞義辨析。
應(yīng)試同分瓶頸
縱觀歷年來(lái)高考對(duì)名詞的考查,主要體現(xiàn)為一個(gè)“活”字。因此要求考生平時(shí)加強(qiáng)關(guān)于名詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),如:名詞的數(shù)、名詞的所有格、主謂一致及一些有關(guān)名詞的固定搭配。通過(guò)對(duì)比、歸納、總結(jié)等方法,記憶、理解部分知識(shí),并將名詞常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理清楚。另外在做題時(shí)靈活使用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),把握重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),認(rèn)真審題,依據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析判斷。
近幾年的高考題對(duì)名詞的考查一般集中在名詞的辨析上。所以在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意名詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的正確使用和細(xì)微差別,另外還要注意名詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配用法。抽象名詞的具體化也應(yīng)該引起重視。surprise不可數(shù)表示“驚奇”,可數(shù)為“令人驚奇的事情”;shame不可數(shù)為“羞愧”,可數(shù)為“令人羞愧的事”,除此之外還有:honour,failure,success,pleasure,pity等。
◎命題點(diǎn)1
名詞的數(shù)
◎命題點(diǎn)2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語(yǔ)
命題點(diǎn)1
名詞的數(shù)
本類考題解答錦囊
名詞有數(shù)的區(qū)分。在英語(yǔ)中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。有些名詞既可以是可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,但所表達(dá)的意義不同。我們?cè)趹?yīng)試時(shí)要考慮以下幾點(diǎn):
1.名詞的可數(shù)性及其易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)體名詞和大部分集合名詞是可數(shù)的,而專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞以及小部分集合名詞則通常是不可數(shù)的。但是這種區(qū)分只是大致的,并不是絕對(duì)的。英語(yǔ)中有些名詞往往既可以是可數(shù)的也可以是不可數(shù)的。
A:Would you like a cake?要吃塊蛋糕嗎?
B:NO,Idon't like cake.不吃,我不喜歡吃蛋糕。
以上第一句用acake,這是把cake視為一塊一塊的“蛋糕”,所以它是可數(shù)的;而第二句只用 cake,這是把它當(dāng)作物質(zhì)名詞看待,所以它成了不可數(shù)名詞。
抽象名詞是表示事物性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可數(shù)的。但是,有時(shí)抽象名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為具體名詞(可數(shù)),表示具有某種性質(zhì)的人或事物:Success成功(不可數(shù))→asuccess成功的人或事(可數(shù));pleasure愉快(不可數(shù))→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可數(shù))。
2.可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)。
(1)修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)有these,those,few,afew,many,agood(great)many,agreat (good)number of等。
(2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語(yǔ)有this,that,little,a littlt,a bit of ,much,a great deal of, a large amount of等。
Ⅰ高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took__________pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of C. the number of
D. a large amount of
命題目的與解題技巧:此題考查表示“許多”的名詞修飾語(yǔ)。
【解 析】 many,masses of,a number of,a large amount of 都可以表示“許多的”“大量的”。其中,many,a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞;masses of可用于可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞前。A項(xiàng)多一個(gè)of;C項(xiàng)the number of指“……的數(shù)量”,與題意不符;D項(xiàng)不能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞pictures.
【答
案】
B
2.(典型例題) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20
pence off_______.
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
答案:
3.(典型例題)--Brad was Jane's brotherDo you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.
A. matter
B. hope
C. desire
D. thought
答案:
2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.
A. position
B. situation
C. state
D. condition
答案:
3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口譯員)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance
B. achievement
C. material
D. words
答案:
4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion, there are_______that should be
kept up.
A. degrees
B. levels
C. limits
D. standards
答案:
命題點(diǎn)2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語(yǔ)
本類考題解答錦囊
英語(yǔ)名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,它分’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。名詞還可以作另外一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)。在做此類題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.所有格的含義
(1)表示所屬:Tom'scar湯姆的小車
(2)表示類別:awomen's c0llege女子學(xué)院
(3)表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者:
theteacher'spraise老師的表?yè)P(yáng)
children's education兒童教育
2.雙重所有格
雙重所有格構(gòu)成有(1)名詞+of+名詞所有格。如:afriend。of my father's.(2)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:some friends of mine.它表示部分概念,。of短語(yǔ)修飾的名詞前通常有表示數(shù)詞的限定詞a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等。如:Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus.我哥哥的幾個(gè)朋友將和我們一起去.
3.名詞作定語(yǔ)
一個(gè)名詞作另外一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ),如a coffee cup(不能說(shuō)a coffee's cup),a shoe shop(不可說(shuō)a shoe's shop或a shoes shop).
Ⅰ
高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題) The village is far away from here indeed.
It's_______walk.
A. a four hour
B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours'
命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)。
【解 析】.所以答案為D.
【答 案】
D
2.(典型例題季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.
A. three-hour
B. a three hour
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
答案:
3.(典型例題)The______ is just around the corner and
you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycle's shop
答案:B.
4.(典型例題)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so her mother went to some ______stores.
A. shoes; shoes
B. shoes; shoe
C. shoe; shoes
D. shoe;shoe
答案:
Ⅱ題點(diǎn)經(jīng)典類型題
1.(典型例題測(cè))If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.
A. eighteen years
B. at age of eighteen
C. eighteen-year-old
D. eighteen years of age
命題目的與解題技巧:本題考查名詞作主語(yǔ)。
【解 析】注意年齡的幾種表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 為合成定語(yǔ)形容詞。
【答 案】 D
2.(典型例題測(cè))His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us were quite surprised.
A. out of practice
B. out of place
C. out of politeness
D. out of pity
答案:
3(典型例題評(píng))Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.
A. cost
B. food
C. products
D. production
答案:
4.(典型例題中)Is there a ______for rising prices?
A. way
B. cure
C. medicine
D. method
答案:
5.(典型例題聯(lián))Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people drink alcohol.
A. temper
B. mood
C. pressures
D. consciousness
答案:
Ⅲ
新高考命題探究
1.It's bad for a man to smoke in the public places
where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
答案:
2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.
A. measure
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
答案:
3.He had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.
A. report
B. thought
C. idea
D. news
答案:
4.The headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.
A. thought
B. thinking
C. idea
D. sense
答案:
探究性命題綜合測(cè)試
考場(chǎng)熱身
1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?
--I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our______.
A. mind
B. point
C. reach
D. sight
答案: of one's reach表示:無(wú)法達(dá)到的,力所不能及的,無(wú)法理解的;out of(one's)sight意為:看不見,在視野之外。
2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?
--______.
A. Palmer's
B. The Palmer
C. The Palmers
D. The Palmer
答案:
3.lf you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
答案:
4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. look
答案:
5.We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
答案:
6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
答案:
7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.
--OK. Thank you for reminding me.
A. valuables
B. suitcases
C. gifts
D. bags
答案:
8.If the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______
A. information
B. advice
C. message
D. notice