【新人教版】2024年高考英語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)梳理+重點(diǎn)突破：必修5 Unit 1　《Great scientists》

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　　必修5　 Unit 1　Great scientists

　　要點(diǎn) 梳理

　　高效梳理·知識(shí)備考

　　●重點(diǎn)單詞

　　1．characteristic n2．conclude vt. & vi.conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束 3．defeat vt. n．失敗 4．a(chǎn)ttend vt.5．expose vt.exposion n．暴露

　　6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療 7．challenge n．挑戰(zhàn) vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challenger n．挑戰(zhàn)者 8．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專(zhuān)心 9．suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．懷疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的 10．foresee vt.預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)告→foretell v．預(yù)言→forecast v．預(yù)報(bào)

　　11．blame vt. n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備 12．pollute vt.pollution n．污染 13．handle n vt.處理；操縱 14．link vt. & n15．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.announcement n．通知；宣告 16．instruct vt.instruction n．教授；傳授→instructions n．指示，

　　17．construct vt.construction n．建設(shè)；建筑物 18．contribute vt. & vi.contribution n．貢獻(xiàn) 19．spin vi. & vt.()旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗) 20．reject vt.rejection n．拒絕；拋棄

　　●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

　　1．put forward 2．draw a conclusion

　　3．expose...to

　　4．link...to...

　　5．a(chǎn)part from

　　6．make sense

　　7．look into

　　8．a(chǎn)t times

　　9．be against

　　10．(be) strict with

　　11．be to blame

　　12．with certainty

　　●重點(diǎn)句型

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(霍亂)都會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)恐慌的人死去。2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. ，。

　　3．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it....，

　　●高考范文 (2008·安徽) 假定你是李華，David是你的美國(guó)筆友。，。，。。。

　　1.詞數(shù)100左右，信的格式已為你寫(xiě)好。 2．3．environment－friendly shopping bag；關(guān)注concern。

　　June 8 Dear David， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)要求寫(xiě)一封書(shū)信，請(qǐng)注意英文書(shū)信格式及文體特點(diǎn)；人稱(chēng)需用第一人稱(chēng)；時(shí)態(tài)需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 1．environmental protection (環(huán)境保護(hù)), white pollution (白色污染)，reuse (再利用), rubbish (垃圾)等； 2． I‘m glad that..., Thank you for..., I believe/hope/think...that...等。

　　[范文]

　　June_8 Dear_David，I'm glad that you've noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection. Thank you for your concern. As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution, our government encourages us to use environment－friendly shopping bags. These bags are made of a variety of materials that can be easily treated when they become

　　rubbish. Besides, they can be reused. More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them.

　　I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment. This is one of the many steps we are taking to make our country an even cleaner place.

　　Yours，

　　Li_Hua

　　考點(diǎn) 探究

　　互動(dòng)探究·能力備考

　　Ⅰ.詞匯短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)

　　1．conclude vt.(不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)) conclusion n．　結(jié)論，推論 conclusive adj.　結(jié)論性的 conclude...by/with...以……結(jié)束 conclude to do sth. 決定做某事

　　conclude...from...從……中推斷 to conclude (做插入語(yǔ))最后(一句話) in conclusion 最后，bring...to a conclusion 使……結(jié)束 make a conclusion 下結(jié)論 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論，

　　[即學(xué)即練1](1)He _____________ his speech with a joke. 他以一個(gè)笑話結(jié)束了他的演講。(2)The meeting ____________ at nine o‘clock. 會(huì)議9點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束了。(3)The police ____________ that he must be the murderer. 警察斷定他一定是殺人兇手。

　　concluded

　　(4)____________， wish all of you good health and a long life.。(5)____________， I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.。

　　To conclude

　　In conclusion

　　2．a(chǎn)ttend vt.&vi. attendance n. 出席，到場(chǎng)，參加 attend a meeting/a lecture/school 參加會(huì)議/聽(tīng)報(bào)告/上學(xué) attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顧某人 attend to 處理，，，

　　[即學(xué)即練2](1)He didn‘t __________________ yesterday.他昨天沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議。(2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody ______________ him. 長(zhǎng)跑之后他感到非常疲勞，。(3)Business has to __________________. 生意是必須要料理的。

　　attend the meeting

　　to attend on

　　be attended to

　　(4)__________your studies. 。

　　Attend to

　　3．expose vt. exposure n. 暴露，顯露；揭露，揭發(fā) expose sth./sb./oneself (to...) 顯露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(給……) be exposed to 暴露于……

　　[即學(xué)即練3](1)My job as a journalist is to _______________.我作為記者的職責(zé)就是揭露事實(shí)。(2)Don‘t ______ babies ______ strong sunlight. 不要讓嬰兒受到強(qiáng)烈陽(yáng)光的照射。(3)It’s very dangerous to _______________ these viruses without any protection. 不加任何保護(hù)，。

　　expose the truth

　　expose

　　be exposed to

　　4．cure n. vt. 治愈；治療 curable adj. 可治愈的 a cure for... 針對(duì)……的治療 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……；治愈某人……

　　[即學(xué)即練4](1)The doctor can't ______ her ______ the cancer. 醫(yī)生治不好她的癌癥。(2)Nothing can ______ you ______ your bad habits. 沒(méi)有什么能去掉你的壞習(xí)慣。(3)This is ___________________ SARS. 這是一種新的SARS治療方法。

　　cure

　　a new cure for

　　拓展：vt.＋sb. ＋of sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)還有： remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.懷疑某人(做)某事 rob sb. of sth.搶了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事

　　5．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.(液體、氣體等)；理解，獲取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或興趣 absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/熱 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所說(shuō)的話 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in... 全神貫注于……

　　[即學(xué)即練5](1)Black cloth __________ light. 黑色布料吸收光線。(2)Did you ______ everything the professor said? 教授說(shuō)的你全部理解了嗎？ (3)He ________________ deep thought. 他陷入沉思。

　　absorbs

　　absorb

　　was absorbed in

　　6．suspect vt.n．suspect sth.懷疑某事 suspect thatclause懷疑…… suspect sb. of(doing) sth. 懷疑某人有某種罪行或做過(guò)某事 suspect sb. to be...猜想某人是……

　　[即學(xué)即練6](1)I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我開(kāi)始懷疑他們?cè)噲D擺脫我。(2)They ______ him ______ murder. 他們懷疑他犯有謀殺罪。(3)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money？你憑什么懷疑錢(qián)是她偷的？ (4)The police arrested the _________ yesterday. 警方昨天逮捕了那個(gè)嫌疑犯。

　　suspect

　　7．blame n&vt.責(zé)備；責(zé)任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人 be to blame (for)應(yīng)(為……)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該(為……) 受責(zé)備(此處不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 將某事歸咎于某人

　　[即學(xué)即練7](1)He _________ me ______ my carelessness. 他責(zé)備我的疏忽大意。(2)Mr Li is not __________________ the accident. 這次事故不能怨李先生。(3)Where does __________________ our failure lie? 我們失敗的癥結(jié)在哪里？

　　blamed

　　for

　　to blame for

　　the blame for

　　8．contribute vt.&vi.(稿) contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，contribute sth. to/towards 給……捐獻(xiàn)/捐贈(zèng) contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿 make a contribution to...為……作貢獻(xiàn)

　　[即學(xué)即練8](1)We should __________ food and clothing ______ the relief of the poor. 我們應(yīng)該捐贈(zèng)食品和衣物救濟(jì)貧民。(2)Drink _______________ his ruin.酗酒促使他毀滅。(3)The Song Dynasty _____________ three great inventions ______ world civilization. 宋朝為世界文明貢獻(xiàn)出三大發(fā)明。(4)He ___________ an article ______ China Daily. 他為《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》撰寫(xiě)了一篇文章。

　　contribute

　　for

　　contributed to

　　contributed

　　9．reject vt.n．

　　[即學(xué)即練9](1)My cousin tried to join the army but ____________. 我堂兄試圖參軍，。(2)After the transplant his body __________ the new heart. 在移植手術(shù)后，。(3)I __________ the rotten oranges.我把腐爛的橘子扔掉了。

　　was rejected

　　rejected

　　提示：reject與refuse的區(qū)別 refuse指拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求、幫助、邀請(qǐng)等，其后可跟不定式。 reject不能用于拒絕別人的邀請(qǐng)或幫助，其后不能跟不定式。 She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift. 她拒絕接受我的禮物。

　　10．put forward put away/aside 放在一邊；收拾起來(lái)；儲(chǔ)存 put back 放回，put down 寫(xiě)下；鎮(zhèn)壓；放下 put forth 提出；頒布 put...into 把……翻譯成 put off 延期，

　　put on 穿、(速度、)增加；上演 put out 撲滅，put through 接通電話 put up 舉起；建造；張貼 put up with 忍受，，

　　[即學(xué)即練10](1)She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建議。(2)Can I ______ you/your name ___________ as golf club secretary？我推薦你擔(dān)任高爾夫球俱樂(lè)部的秘書(shū)怎么樣？ (3)We have ______ the wedding ___________ one week.我們已將婚禮提前了一周。(4)______ your watch __________； you‘re five minutes slow. 把你的表往前撥一下，5分鐘。

　　puts forward

　　put

　　forward

　　put

　　forward by

　　Put

　　forward

　　11．a(chǎn)part fromtake...apart把……拆開(kāi) tell...apart區(qū)分，set/put apart留出

　　[即學(xué)即練11](1)____________ the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了花錢(qián)以外，。(2)I have nothing ____________ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，。(3)The mechanics ______ the engine ______. 機(jī)械師把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拆開(kāi)了。(4)It’s almost impossible to ______ Jackie and Moira ______ since they had their hair cut. 杰姬和莫伊拉把頭發(fā)剪了，。

　　Apart from

　　apart from

　　took

　　apart

　　tell

　　apart

　　12．make sense make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含義 make no sense 講不通；無(wú)意義 in a sense 就某種意義而言；在某種意義上 in no sense 決不是；決非 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……沒(méi)必要/道理 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 common sense 常識(shí)

　　[即學(xué)即練12](1)What he says ____________. 他說(shuō)的有道理。(2)Can you ______________ this poem? 你能明白這首詩(shī)的含義嗎？ (3)What you say is true ___________. 你所說(shuō)的在某種意義上是真實(shí)的。(4)That just ____________________ me. 那對(duì)我毫無(wú)意義。

　　makes sense

　　make sense of

　　in a sense

　　makes no sense to

　　(5)_____________ does this excuse their actions.。(6)_____________________in getting upset about it now.現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。

　　In no sense

　　There is no sense

　　Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. (霍亂)時(shí)，就有大批驚恐的人死去。

　　這是由名詞詞組 every time 充當(dāng)連詞的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，， when。，。

　　(1)不定代詞＋time　如：any time, each time... (2)序數(shù)詞＋time　如：the first/last time... (3)the＋瞬時(shí)名詞　如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the＋時(shí)間名詞　如：the day/night/month/time... ①He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her. 他每次去看她都給她帶花。

　　The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded. 他第一次做實(shí)驗(yàn)就成功了。I‘ll give him your message the minute he arrives. 等他一到，。He bought a computer the day he got his salary. 他發(fā)工資那天買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電腦。

　　[1]　The boys ran off______ they saw the owner of the orchard (果園)． A．a(chǎn)t times

　　B．the hour C．the moment

　　Dat once

　　答案：C

　　解析：句中 the moment 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 as soon as。

　　2．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. only 修飾副詞、，，，、 be放在主語(yǔ)之前。

　　Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made. 只有在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我所犯的錯(cuò)誤。Only in this way can you make progress. 只有以這種方式你才能取得進(jìn)步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)他才能回家。

　　if only要是……該多好，但愿。if only從句可單獨(dú)使用，這時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示與過(guò)去相反的愿望用 had done；與現(xiàn)在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示與將來(lái)相反的愿望用 “would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 ①I(mǎi)f only I had gone to Beijing. 我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他要是明天能來(lái)就好了。

　　[2]　______both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region. A．Only if

　　BUnless C．If only

　　DAs long as

　　答案：A

　　解析：主句中用了“will＋主語(yǔ)＋be”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選 Only if。

　　易錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥

　　自我完善·誤區(qū)備考

　　1. defeat/beat/win 這三個(gè)詞都有“贏”的意思，但其用法不盡相同。(1)defeat和beat是同義詞，。a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat，beat，。(2)win表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利，game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win。

　　[1]　用defeat, beat, win填空 (1)He ____________ all his opponents in the election. (2)Peasants ______ the drought and reaped a good harvest. (3)After a hearttoheart talk, I ______ his belief at last.

　　defeated/beat

　　beat

　　won

　　(4)The enemy’s plot was _________ very soon. (5)We wouldn’t have ______without your help. (6)Mary ______ first prize for swimming. 　

　　defeated

　　won

　　2. cure/treat/heal (1)treat指通過(guò)藥物、特別的食品或運(yùn)動(dòng)治病，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過(guò)程，treat sb. for sth.，，treat...as/視為。(2)cure意為“治愈，，。，sb. of再加表示疾病的名詞。，，，。(3)heal意為“治愈”，，wound, cut, injury, burn等。

　　[2]　(1)He _________ his students as his own children.他把學(xué)生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to ______ him with a new drug. 醫(yī)生們嘗試用一種新藥為他治病。(3)His wound is _________ over. 他的傷口正在愈合。 (4)The medicine will ______ you of your cough. 這藥能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was completely ______. 出院時(shí)我已完全康復(fù)了。