天津市武清區楊村第四中學2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專題八《情態動詞用法詳解》課件外研版

　　26. “Can you imagine how ???????

　　about it?”

　　?? “No, I can't.” ??A. could they know possibly?? B. could they possibly know ??C. they could possibly know?? D. possibly they could know 27.Tom ???????

　　full marks, but he was too careless ???????

　　a spelling mistake. ??A. could gain, to make??

　　B. could have gained, to make ??C. could have gained, and made?? D. could have gained, as to make 28.I wonder how she ???????

　　the drunken sailor the other day. ??A. dare fighting off??

　　B. dared fight off??

　　C. dare to fight off??

　　D. dared fighting off 29. —

　　???????

　　the man there be our new teacher?

　　— He ???????

　　be, but I'm not sure. ??A. May, mustn't??

　　B. Can, may?? C. Must, can't?? D. Can, can't 30. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ???????

　　it be? ??

　　— It ???????

　　be Tom. He is still in the school. ??A. can, can't??

　　B. can, mustn't?? C. might, could?

　　D. might, may

　　情態動詞用法詳解 情 態 動 詞 的 定 義 1.是一種表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣的動詞 2. 但不能單獨作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語, 3. 雖有時態的變化，但卻沒有人稱和數的變化 4. 變為疑問句或否定句時不需要助動詞，而是將情態動詞移至主語前變為疑問句，直接在情態動詞后加not，構成否定句。

　　We can be there on time tomorrow.

　　May I have your name?

　　Shall we begin now?

　　You must obey the school rules.

　　情態動詞數量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列：有can (could), may (might), must, need, dare (dared), shall, will (would), should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather 等 情 態 動 詞 的 種 類 情 態 動 詞 的 位 置

　　情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前，疑問句中， 情態動詞放在主語之前。

　　I can see you. Come here.

　　He must have been away.

　　What can I do for you?

　　How dare you treat us like that!

　　情 態 動 詞 的 用 法 要 點 1．表示能力的can/could和be able to

　　1) can表示具有某種能力或技能，意為“能，會”。 Who can answer this question? 2)can 的過去式為could，但它通常只表示過去一般性能力，不表示過去特定場合下的能力，遇此情況要用 was/were able to。如： I could run faster then. 我那時能跑得更快一些。 They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up.他們在船爆之前跳入海里。 3) be able to 有時態，人稱，數的變化，amisarewill be waswere able to 。 2．表示許可 1)Shallmaymightcancould Iwe…? Shall he shethey…? Wouldwill you …? — Could (Can, May, Might) I use it? — Yes, you can (may)．可以。(不用 could/might) -- no, I’m afraid not. 在答語中表示允許別人做某事要用can/may，不能用 could/might。

　　2)Must提問時， 表示必須做某事。如： Must I speak of it again? –yes you must.

　　-no, you needn’t .you don’t have to.

　　3)Shall 與you及第三人稱時，表命令、警告、威脅：宣布法律時也需用shall You shall leave the room at once

　　Each member shall wear a name card.

　　3. 表推測 表示說具體事情發生的可能性

　　詞形 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 Must 必定，必然 ________ ________ Can ________ 不可能 有可能嗎？ Could

　　微弱的可能 不可能

　　有可能嗎？ Maymight 或許，也許 或許不，可能不 ________ Shouldought 按說應該 應該不會 ________ Willwould 很可能，大概 不會，不該 會…嗎？ 表推測時 can/may/could/must的區別 從表格來看： must 表示推測通常只用于肯定句 Can常用于否定句和疑問句 may用于肯定句和否定式，含義不同(cannot＝不可能，暗示驚訝或不相信；may not＝可能不)； 如： She can't be in the office now. This may not be done by him. I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep 4．shall 與 will 的用法區別 1) shall 除用于第一人稱表示單純將來外，還可用于陳述句第二、三人稱， 表示說話者的意圖、警告、命令、決心等。如： He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一輛自行車作為生日禮物。

　　will 可以表示習慣和傾向性，意為“慣于， 老是， 終歸是”。表示“意愿”

　　I

　　will call you as soon as possible.　

　　Who will do the job ?

　　He would not let me try .　

　　The door won't open. 3) Shall I (we)…？ 可用于征求意見等，Will you…？可用于表示請求或邀請等。如： Shall I turn on the light?

　　5．need和dare的用法 need和dare可用作實義動詞和情態動詞， 用作實義動詞時，后接動詞要用不定式，有人稱和數的變化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句； 用作情態動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，沒有人稱和數的變化，后接動詞要用動詞原形。如： You need not pay—it is free. We need to have lots of patience. Need I come? Yes , you must./No,you

　　needn’t. You needn't telephone him now. She dare not go out alone at night.

　　注意：need 表示“需要”，其后可接動名詞，且要用主動形式表示被動意義。 如：The room needs cleaning. 二、情態動詞的完成式和進行式 modal verb+ have done:

　　對過去發生的事情進行評價、猜測，表示“應當已經、想必已經、本 來可以做但未做” I should have finished the work earlier. He isn't here. He must have missed the train. Where can (could) he have gone? You could(might) have been more careful. You ought to have come,but why didn't you? modal verb+be doing:

　　對正在發生的事情進行評價、猜測，表示“想必正在、可能正在、應 當正在” It's 12 o'clock .They must be having lunch. They may be discussing the problem. He can't be telling the truth. She shouldn't be working like that.She is still so weak.

　　情 態 動 詞 的 用 法 1. can (could) 表示說話人能, 可以, 同意, 準許, 以及客觀條件許可, could 為 can 的過去式。

　　Can you pass me the books?

　　你能給我遞一下書嗎 ?

　　Could you help me, please?

　　請問, 你能幫助我嗎?

　　What can you do?

　　你能干點什么呢?

　　Can you be sure?

　　你有把握嗎?

　　can 和could 只能用于現在式和過去式兩種時態，將來時態用be able to 來表示。

　　He could help us at all.

　　他完全可以幫助我們。

　　With the teacher’s help, I shall be able to speak English correctly. 有老師的幫助, 我將能準確地講英語。

　　2. may (might) “可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。

　　You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去。

　　May I come in? 我可以進來嗎?

　　May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎?

　　You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點衣服。

　　He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。

　　may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是 mayn’t。might 是may 的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語氣更加委婉、 客氣或對可能性的懷疑。

　　He told me he might be here on time. 他說他能按時間來。

　　Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點錢嗎?

　　He might be alive. 他可能還活著。 3. must “必須；應該；一定；準是”，表示說話人認為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。must 用來指一般現在時和一般將來時， 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。

　　I must finish my work today.

　　我今天必須完成我的工作。

　　You mustn't work all the time.

　　你不能老是工作。

　　Must I return the book tomorrow?

　　我必須明天還書嗎?

　　After such a long walk, you must be tired.

　　走了這么長的路, 你一定累了。

　　He must be the man I am looking for.

　　他一定是我要找的人。

　　He had to go because of somebody’s calling him that day. 那天他要走，因為有人叫他。 值得注意的是： （1）must + have + 過去分詞，表示現在對過去事物的推測。

　　He must have told my parents about it.

　　他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。

　　He must have received my letter now.

　　他現在一定收到我的信了。

　　It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.

　　已經六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。 （2）must 和 have to 的區別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to

　　“不得不,必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。

　　You must do it now.

　　你必需現在就干。(說話人認為必須現在干)

　　I have to go now.

　　我得走了。(客觀條件必須現在走)

　　You must be here on time next time.

　　你下次一定要按時來。

　　I have to cook for my child.

　　我得給孩子做飯。

　　4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑問句中.

　　Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會議嗎?

　　You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。

　　need 是一個情態動詞，他的用法完全和其他情態動詞一樣，但 need 還可當作實義動詞使用，這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復數， 后面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。

　　I need a bike to go to school.

　　我上學需要一輛自行車。

　　Do you need a dictionary?

　　你需要詞典嗎?

　　She needs a necklace.

　　她需要一條項鏈。

　　注意：“needn‘t + have + 過去分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。

　　You needn't have taken it seriously.

　　這件事情你不必太認真。

　　5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中。

　　The little girl dare not speak in public.

　　小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。

　　Dare you catch the little cat?

　　你敢抓小貓嗎?

　　dare 除用作情態動詞外，更多的是當實義動詞使用， 用法同實義動詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復數，時態等。

　　Do you dare to walk in the dark?

　　你敢黑夜走路嗎？

　　He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.

　　他不敢告訴老師那天發生的事。 6. ought “應當；應該”，后面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。

　　You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.

　　如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應該讀這些書。

　　You ought to bring the child here.

　　你應該把孩子帶來。

　　ought + to have done 句型。指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。

　　You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應該來。

　　ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。

　　You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

　　你不應該把書帶出閱覽室。 7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。 would 為 will 的過去式, 可用于各人稱。

　　I'll do my best to catch up with them.

　　我要盡全力趕上他們。

　　I'll never do it again, that's the last time.

　　我再不會做那件事情了,這是最后一次。 　

　　He said he would help me.

　　他說他會幫助我。

　　will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉,客氣。

　　It's hot. Will you open the windows?

　　天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎?

　　Will you help me to work it out?

　　你能幫我解這道題嗎?

　　Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點咖啡怎樣？

　　8. shall, should 表示命令, 警告, 允諾, 征求, 勸告, 建議, 驚奇。

　　You should hand in the exercise book.

　　你應該交作業本兒了。

　　This should be no problem.

　　這應該沒問題。

　　Shall we go now?

　　我們現在可以走了嗎?

　　Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他?

　　情態動詞專練題 1.Put on more clothes. You ???????

　　be feeling cold with only a shirt on. ?A. can?

　　B. could?

　　C. must?

　　D. would 2. — Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?

　　— No, ________. ?A. you shouldn't? B. you might not

　　C. you needn't ?D. you mustn't 3.You ???????

　　to attend the meeting, but you didn't. ?A. should come?

　　B. would have come

　　?

　　C. came?

　　D. should have come 4.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ???????

　　it. ?A. mustn't have attended?

　　B. cannot have attended ?C. needn't have attended?

　　D. would have not attended 5.Tom went on foot, but he ???????

　　by bus. ?A. might go?

　　B. may go?

　　C. could have gone?

　　D. ought have gone

　　6.We ???????

　　play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge. ?A. had better?

　　B. would better?

　　C. would rather?

　　D. had rather 7.There is someone knocking at the door. ???????

　　it be Tom? ?A. Can?

　　B. Must?

　　C. Should?

　　D. Ought 8.There was a lot of time. He ???????

　　. ?A. mustn't have hurried?

　　B. needn't have hurried ?C. could have hurried?

　　D. ought to have hurried 9."We didn't study Chemistry last night, but we ???????

　　." ?A. had studied? B. could? C. should?

　　D. could have 10.One ought ???????

　　for what one hasn't done. ??A. not to be punished??

　　B. to not be punished ??C. to not punished??

　　D. not be punished

　　11."May I pick a flower in the garden?"

　　" ???????

　　." ??A. No, you needn't??

　　B. Not, please

　　??

　　C. No, you mustn't??

　　D. No, you won't 12."Could I call you by your first name?"

　　"Yes, you ???????

　　." ??A. will??

　　B. could??

　　C. may??

　　D. might 13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you ???????

　　worry about parking.

　　??A. must not??

　　B. may not?? C. should not?

　　D. don't have to 14.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ???????

　　at the meeting. ??A. mustn't have spoken??

　　B. shouldn't have spoken ??C. needn't have spoken??

　　D. couldn't have spoken 15.I wonder how he ???????

　　that to the teacher. ??A. dare to say??