職稱英語語法輔導：狀語從句
一、狀語從句的概念和類別
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞引導，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
二、考點聚焦
1、時間狀語從句
as、when、while用法
as表示當的時候，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強調主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發生。
She came up as I was cooking。
The runners started as the gun went off。
when:既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發生也可以先后發生。
It was raining when we arrived。
When we were at school, we went to the library every day。
while意思是當的時候或在某一段時間里。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續性動詞。在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。
Please dont talk so loud while others are working。
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot。
引導時間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：
①till, not until , until, before, since
Dont get off the bus until it has stopped。
He waited for his father untilit was twelve oclock。
It will be five years before he returns from England。
②hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than, as soon as once
表示一就
As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call。
Once you show any fear, he will attack you。
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it
began to rain。
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining。
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that 一就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock。
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me。
注意：表示未來情況，主句用將來時，從句用現在時。
2、讓步狀語從句
although與though可以引導讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。
Although they are poor,they are warm-hearted。
even if或even though引導讓步狀語從句，表示即使，縱然，用來使人注意下文所強調內容的性質。
Ill get there even ifI have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air。
no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
Dont trust him, no matter what / whatever he says。
Whoever breaks the law will be published。
No matter how hard the work is, youd better try to do it well。
as也可以引導讓步狀語從句。要用倒裝。
Child ashe is, he knows a lot。
Much as I like it, I wont buy。
Try as he would, he couldnt lift the heavy box。
3、原因狀語從句：because, for, as, since, now that
表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full。
for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時，for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關系，而是對前面主句的內容加以解釋或推斷時，只能用for。如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing。
表示已經知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時卻相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,Since everyone is here, lets start。
下列情況下只能使用because:
①在回答why的問句時;
②在用于強調句型時;
③被not所否定時。
4、地點狀語從句：where, wherever
Make a mark wherever you have any questions。
We will go where the Party directs us。
5、目的狀語從句：that, so that, in order that
注意：目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態動詞連用，否則可能是結果狀語從句。不可置于句首。
6、結果狀語從句：that, so that, so that, such that
注意：so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句;such + 名詞 + that從句。
7、方式狀語從句：as, as if
Ill do as I am told to。
It looks as if it is going to rain。
8、比較狀語從句：than, as
9、條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that。
注意if與unless的區別：不能用and連接兩個unless從句，即不能有 unless ,and unless 。但if not and if not卻不受此限。
You wont lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more。
但可以說 unless you eat less and exercise more。
10、注意狀語從句中從句的省略現象
連接詞 + 過去分詞
Dont speak until spoken to。
Pressure can be incrased when needed。
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use。
連詞 + 現在分詞
Look out while crossing the street。
連詞 + 形容詞/其他
常見的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
三、經典題目解析
選擇填空
1. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some ____________。
A.as last B.in case C.once again D.in time
解析：答案為B。句意為帶些錢以防萬一，只能選擇in case。引導的條件狀語從句，后面省略了I should need it。
2. The WTO cant live up to its name _________ it doesnt include a country that is home to one fifth of man-kind。
A.as long as B.while C.if D.even though
解析：答案為C。本題考查狀語從句的用法。句意為假如世貿組織不包括占世界人口五分之一的中國的話，那它就名不副實。as long as語氣過于強烈，while和even though不符合句意。
3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_________I could answer the phone。
A.as B.since C.before D.until
解析：答案為C。題意為：半夜里有人打來電話，我沒來得及就掛了。but暗示在接話前就掛了。
一、狀語從句的概念和類別
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞引導，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
二、考點聚焦
1、時間狀語從句
as、when、while用法
as表示當的時候，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強調主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發生。
She came up as I was cooking。
The runners started as the gun went off。
when:既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發生也可以先后發生。
It was raining when we arrived。
When we were at school, we went to the library every day。
while意思是當的時候或在某一段時間里。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續性動詞。在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。
Please dont talk so loud while others are working。
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot。
引導時間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：
①till, not until , until, before, since
Dont get off the bus until it has stopped。
He waited for his father untilit was twelve oclock。
It will be five years before he returns from England。
②hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than, as soon as once
表示一就
As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call。
Once you show any fear, he will attack you。
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it
began to rain。
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining。
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that 一就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock。
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me。
注意：表示未來情況，主句用將來時，從句用現在時。
2、讓步狀語從句
although與though可以引導讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。
Although they are poor,they are warm-hearted。
even if或even though引導讓步狀語從句，表示即使，縱然，用來使人注意下文所強調內容的性質。
Ill get there even ifI have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air。
no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
Dont trust him, no matter what / whatever he says。
Whoever breaks the law will be published。
No matter how hard the work is, youd better try to do it well。
as也可以引導讓步狀語從句。要用倒裝。
Child ashe is, he knows a lot。
Much as I like it, I wont buy。
Try as he would, he couldnt lift the heavy box。
3、原因狀語從句：because, for, as, since, now that
表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full。
for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時，for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關系，而是對前面主句的內容加以解釋或推斷時，只能用for。如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing。
表示已經知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時卻相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,Since everyone is here, lets start。
下列情況下只能使用because:
①在回答why的問句時;
②在用于強調句型時;
③被not所否定時。
4、地點狀語從句：where, wherever
Make a mark wherever you have any questions。
We will go where the Party directs us。
5、目的狀語從句：that, so that, in order that
注意：目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態動詞連用，否則可能是結果狀語從句。不可置于句首。
6、結果狀語從句：that, so that, so that, such that
注意：so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句;such + 名詞 + that從句。
7、方式狀語從句：as, as if
Ill do as I am told to。
It looks as if it is going to rain。
8、比較狀語從句：than, as
9、條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that。
注意if與unless的區別：不能用and連接兩個unless從句，即不能有 unless ,and unless 。但if not and if not卻不受此限。
You wont lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more。
但可以說 unless you eat less and exercise more。
10、注意狀語從句中從句的省略現象
連接詞 + 過去分詞
Dont speak until spoken to。
Pressure can be incrased when needed。
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use。
連詞 + 現在分詞
Look out while crossing the street。
連詞 + 形容詞/其他
常見的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
三、經典題目解析
選擇填空
1. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some ____________。
A.as last B.in case C.once again D.in time
解析：答案為B。句意為帶些錢以防萬一，只能選擇in case。引導的條件狀語從句，后面省略了I should need it。
2. The WTO cant live up to its name _________ it doesnt include a country that is home to one fifth of man-kind。
A.as long as B.while C.if D.even though
解析：答案為C。本題考查狀語從句的用法。句意為假如世貿組織不包括占世界人口五分之一的中國的話，那它就名不副實。as long as語氣過于強烈，while和even though不符合句意。
3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_________I could answer the phone。
A.as B.since C.before D.until
解析：答案為C。題意為：半夜里有人打來電話，我沒來得及就掛了。but暗示在接話前就掛了。
