英語四級考場寫作應急方略
四級考場寫作應急方略
在四級寫作中，同學們往往會出現提筆忘詞的現象。本來很好的構思往往被一個想不起來的單詞硬生生地破壞了。如何應付這種情況使我們的寫作思路如行云流水一般順暢呢？下面三種簡便易行的應急措施可能會對你有所幫助。
一、換用籠統詞
詞大體可分為兩類：籠統詞和具體詞。籠統詞的特點在于意義廣泛、搭配性強。雖然它們獨自不能精確表達一個動作，但在構成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來的時候，用籠統詞取代，能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統詞有 have，take等。
例：邁克經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫作時，若忘記了experience可用籠統詞have代替，寫成Mike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預期效果。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統詞則不然。因此，在作文應試中，籠統詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應急良策。
二、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯
遇到未曾學過的詞或一時想不起的詞時，可采用發散性思維，發揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關的同義詞、反義詞，利用語言的內在聯系、多層次、多角度地運用語言，使單詞受阻現象得以解決。
例：昨晚李雷做了一場惡夢。
Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.
再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.
We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.
This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.
This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.
另外：
He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯系的，詞與詞之間語義的共核現象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
四級考場寫作應急方略
在四級寫作中，同學們往往會出現提筆忘詞的現象。本來很好的構思往往被一個想不起來的單詞硬生生地破壞了。如何應付這種情況使我們的寫作思路如行云流水一般順暢呢？下面三種簡便易行的應急措施可能會對你有所幫助。
一、換用籠統詞
詞大體可分為兩類：籠統詞和具體詞。籠統詞的特點在于意義廣泛、搭配性強。雖然它們獨自不能精確表達一個動作，但在構成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來的時候，用籠統詞取代，能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統詞有 have，take等。
例：邁克經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫作時，若忘記了experience可用籠統詞have代替，寫成Mike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預期效果。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統詞則不然。因此，在作文應試中，籠統詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應急良策。
二、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯
遇到未曾學過的詞或一時想不起的詞時，可采用發散性思維，發揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關的同義詞、反義詞，利用語言的內在聯系、多層次、多角度地運用語言，使單詞受阻現象得以解決。
例：昨晚李雷做了一場惡夢。
Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.
再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.
We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.
This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.
This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.
另外：
He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯系的，詞與詞之間語義的共核現象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
