英語四級30天學(xué)習(xí)筆記趙麗詞匯語法
不定式的常考形式：作定語，作狀語
1、作狀語表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree.
2、定語表示將要做，分詞作定語表示已完成。the surface to be glued / the surface glued
3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役動詞 have，感觀動詞 see。
口訣：一個感覺 feel
兩個聽 hear/ listen to
三個讓 have/ make/ get/ let
四個看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see
半個 help 兩均可
被動以后 to 還原
My sisters professor had her _________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.
A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting
注：have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _________ it closely.
A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed
注：1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
2. 兩個名詞之間用-ing形式
3. 自然現(xiàn)象用主動形式
Dont get your schedule _________; stay with us in this class.
A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change
They are going to have the technician _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed
注：1. 主動才能帶賓語，have sb. do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. technician 技術(shù)工人
In Australia the Asians make their influence _________ in businesses large and small.
A) felling B) feel C) felt D) to be felt
Im very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered
注：1. interfer 干涉，干擾 2. offend 冒犯 3. impress 印象;express 表達(dá) 4. bother 打擾
I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.
A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak
William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably
注: peculiarly 奇特的
You will see this product _______ wherever you go.
A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising
They noticed a crowd of people in front of the Madeleine _____.
A) shouting and cheering B) to shout and cheer
C) to be shouting and cheering D) being shouted and cheered
The children went there to watch the iron tower _______
A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected
加不定式與doing含義不一樣的動詞
FROGS:forget remember/ regret go on stop
+ doing 表示已做的事情 + to do 表示沒做的事情
I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him
If I had remembered ______ the window, the thief would not have got in.
A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed
應(yīng)該類的虛擬語氣
1、應(yīng)該做的事情 I should go!
2、非現(xiàn)實情況的描述 I should be working now!
3、懊悔不已的事情 I should have practiced more.
4、要求類動詞后需要用虛擬語氣，should 可以省略
如：require 命令;request 要求;reticent 沉默的;retinue 隨從 innocent 無辜的;天真的 I DROP CAPS: insist, demmand/ desire require/ request order propose
command advice prefer s uggest
You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A) shouldnt follow B) mustnt followC) couldnt have been followingD) shouldnt have been following
The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone.
A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present
注：suggest + that 虛擬語氣表建議should 可以省略suggest doing suggest 表明，不接虛擬
The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _________ after 11:00p.m.
A) not to play loud music B) shouldnt play loud music
C) dont play loud music D) couldnt play loud music
He suggested _________ to tomorrows exhibition together.
A) us to go B) we went C) we shall go D) we go
I dont think it advisable that Tim _________ to the job since he has no experience.
A) be assignedB) will be assignedC) is assignedD) has been assigned
It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.A) not be started B) will not be started C) is not started D) is not to be started
It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _________ after 11 oclock at night.A) were not playedB) not to playC) not be playedD) did not play
It is + adj. + that 句型，should 可以省略的虛擬。
adj.important necessary essential incredible strange naturalpity
ashame no wander
與事實相反類的虛擬
1、與現(xiàn)在事實相反：用一般過去時
I wish I were not here.
2、與過去事實相反：用過去完成時
I wish I had passed CET-4.
I wish I could have passed CET-4.
Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place .
A) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived
Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.
A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that
He is ______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious
注：1. optimistic 樂觀的2. optional 可選擇的3. outstanding 突出的
It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible.
A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent注：It is + adj. +that 句型。
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _________ your advice.
A) follow B) had followed C) would follow D) have followed
注：表示與過去事實相反。
I wish I _________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A) have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) could have slept
注：表示與過去事實相反。
3、對將來事實可能出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象的否定推測，用虛擬語氣。
I wish you couldnt smoke any more.
would/ could/ should/ might + v.
用be to 表示將來，虛擬語氣中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)were to do
I am to go shopping. ---I were to go shopping.
If only I were to go shopping.
If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve
虛擬條件句
定義：在一個與事實相反的條件的基礎(chǔ)之上所得出的應(yīng)該的亦或是可能的結(jié)論。
虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：與事實相反類+ 應(yīng)該類
這兩個部分沒有必然而直接的聯(lián)系，在解題時先看結(jié)論再看條件。
If Mr. Wang hadnt cultivated me, I shouldnt be working now.
同義詞辨析：tame 馴化 breed 繁殖 raise 撫養(yǎng) cultivate 培養(yǎng)
結(jié)論部分：would/ could/ should/ might + 虛擬
規(guī)律：如果把空格劃在條件部分，一定要選擇 were to;如果把空格劃在結(jié)論部分，有could/ would/ should/ might +have +v.-ed 為正確答案。
有時一些介詞也可以表示條件：In your position I would kill myself. = If I were in your position...
此類詞有：otherwise/ but for/ without/ with
虛擬語氣中 If 可以省略，但是句序要變，If I were you... 改為Were I you...
________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A) Had they arrivedB) Would they arriveC) Were they arrivingD) Were they to arrive
Last year the advertising rate ________ by 20 percent.
A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose
Had he worked harder, he _________ the exams.
A) must have got throughB) could get through C) would get throughD) would have got through
注：條件部分省略了if 用了倒裝。
Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.
A) has to ge tB) were to get C) had got D) could have got
_________ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left
We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A) had telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephon D) would have telephoned
_____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A) Until B) Before C) From D) Since
注：not... until... 的句型。
Liquids are like solids _________ they have a definite volume.
A) with that B) for that C) in that D) at that
He must have had an accident, or he _________ then.
A) would have been here B) had to be here C) should be here D) would be here
注：1. must have done 表示對過去事實的肯定推測 2. or 表否定
It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.
A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent
_____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work..
A) For now B) Now that C) Ever sine D) By now
注：1. for now 眼下，目前 2. now that 既然 3. ever since 自從以來 4. by now 至今為止
特殊句型：
1. would rather 加賓從時用一般過去時表示虛擬。
I would rather you didnt appear in my life.
聯(lián)想單詞記憶: Cupid 丘比特 Venus 維納斯;金星 volcano 火山
Mars 戰(zhàn)神 Apollo 阿波羅，太陽神 Diana 月亮女神
meander 蜿蜒而流 laurel 月桂樹，桂冠 cupidity 貪婪
avenue 林蔭大 revenue 收入，稅入 adamant 堅強(qiáng)的
Adams apple 喉結(jié)
2. would rather 加動詞時表示寧愿，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞。
I would rather stay here .
3. would rather 與 than 搭配。
I would rather stay here than go home.
4. It is time... 句型，用一般過去時表虛擬語氣。
It is time you picked up a girl.
You are very selfish. Its high time you _________ that you are not the most important person in the world, Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A) realized B) have realized C) realize D) should realize
These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that
If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now.
A) wouldnt be smiling B) couldnt have smiled C) wont smile D) didnt smile
注：混合虛擬語氣
首先判斷是否是虛擬語氣;如果是虛擬語氣的話，見到now就是混合虛擬語氣
Id rather you _______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A) dont B) wouldnt C) didnt D) shouldnt
If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _____.
A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do
注：在條件句中在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
You dont have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _______ on business first.
A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone
Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time ________?
A) we are going home B) we go home C) we went home D) we can go home
To be frank, Id rather you ________ in the case.
A) will not be involved B) not involved C) not to be involved D) were not involved
I have no objection ________ the evening with them.
A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending
It took him several months to ______ the wild horse.
A) tendB) cultivate C) tame D) breed
注：tend to 打算做某事 tend 照料 bar tender 調(diào)酒師
bargain 討價還價，便宜貨 bar 酒吧，棍子
embarrass 尷尬 ass 屁股，驢子，笨蛋 donkey 驢
barbarian 野蠻人 barren 貧瘠的 assassin 暗殺者
A completely new situation will _______ when the examination system comes into existence.A) rise B) arise C) raise D) arous
愛情三步曲II：
今天又是一個Friday，俺無事可做idleness，人也很lazy，
班長inform我，說今晚有個party，
一想到晚會上會assemblelady，心里感到陣陣 happy，
今晚上帝對俺特別的mercy，在墻角居然坐著個fairy，
lonely的眼神，迷人的appearance，
給俺留下很深的impression，
俺決定把握住這次opportunity，【Opportunity knocks only once.】
于是上前說：Hi, baby! 她看也不看就說busy，眼神中透露出indifferently，
于是俺說：俺多少也算是個celebrity，
這一招果然effective，她抬起眼看了看說really?
于是我擺了個pose說：你看我像不像Snoopy?
她說：切!那我就是lovely kitty。
笑容也變得sunny，就這樣我認(rèn)識了我的honey，
這個故事聽起來像fantasy
一致關(guān)系：
結(jié)構(gòu)一致
平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)是由平行結(jié)構(gòu)的連接詞連接兩個或兩個以上對等的對象構(gòu)成的。
