四十天突破英語(yǔ)四級(jí)詞匯筆記
第2課
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語(yǔ)，句子
1.當(dāng)短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，并且該主語(yǔ)不同于句子主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞+ 分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過(guò)判斷動(dòng)作與名詞之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過(guò)去分詞。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞+ 分詞
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和; be encouraged不會(huì)考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來(lái)行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì);being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
2.短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
48. Your hair wants _B_. Youd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲mean doing 意味著，的意思是
25. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.
A making B to make C to have made D having made
第2課
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語(yǔ)，句子
1.當(dāng)短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，并且該主語(yǔ)不同于句子主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞+ 分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過(guò)判斷動(dòng)作與名詞之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過(guò)去分詞。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞+ 分詞
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和; be encouraged不會(huì)考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來(lái)行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì);being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
2.短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
48. Your hair wants _B_. Youd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲mean doing 意味著，的意思是
25. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.
A making B to make C to have made D having made
