英語六級考試翻譯語法輔導:倒裝句
條件從句中省略 if 采用倒裝語序的情況
在 if引導的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、 be或 have的虛擬條件句中的連詞 if 省去，而將 had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結構。
1). 原句： If she were younger, she would do it.
去 If： Were she younger, she would do it. (把動詞 were移到主語 she的前面 )
2). 原句： If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去 If： Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把 had移到主語 he的前面 )
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldnt do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部電影，昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的話，農(nóng)民們就能有個好收成了。
如果虛擬條件句中有 were, had或 should時，把它們放在 if的位置上 ;但是如果條件句中沒有 were, had或 should不能用倒裝。
⑴ Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的話，我們怎么辦呢 ?
⑵ Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的話，我就向他請教了。
⑶ Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能夠做此工作，他就會得到一些錢。
在 開放式條件句 和讓步狀語從句中 should是被省略了的。在這種情況下，如果 if省略，動詞 be與主語的位置要倒裝。
⑴ If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權起訴。 )
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵ Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對還是錯，我都會支持她的。 )
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶ ____ ,I will take her as my wife.(答案看最后★)
Were she rich or poor
Being rich or poor
Be she poor or rich
Whether is she poor or rich
注意：有時虛擬條件句并沒來 if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語 (otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。
⑴、 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、 Without you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.
⑶、 But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1. I could help you. (只有主句 )
2. If I had time. (只有從句 )
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句 )
4. If he had much more money. (只有從句 )
條件從句中省略 if 采用倒裝語序的情況
在 if引導的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、 be或 have的虛擬條件句中的連詞 if 省去，而將 had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結構。
1). 原句： If she were younger, she would do it.
去 If： Were she younger, she would do it. (把動詞 were移到主語 she的前面 )
2). 原句： If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去 If： Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把 had移到主語 he的前面 )
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldnt do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部電影，昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的話，農(nóng)民們就能有個好收成了。
如果虛擬條件句中有 were, had或 should時，把它們放在 if的位置上 ;但是如果條件句中沒有 were, had或 should不能用倒裝。
⑴ Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的話，我們怎么辦呢 ?
⑵ Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的話，我就向他請教了。
⑶ Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能夠做此工作，他就會得到一些錢。
在 開放式條件句 和讓步狀語從句中 should是被省略了的。在這種情況下，如果 if省略，動詞 be與主語的位置要倒裝。
⑴ If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權起訴。 )
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵ Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對還是錯，我都會支持她的。 )
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶ ____ ,I will take her as my wife.(答案看最后★)
Were she rich or poor
Being rich or poor
Be she poor or rich
Whether is she poor or rich
注意：有時虛擬條件句并沒來 if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語 (otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。
⑴、 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、 Without you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.
⑶、 But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1. I could help you. (只有主句 )
2. If I had time. (只有從句 )
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句 )
4. If he had much more money. (只有從句 )
