高考英語語法專項訓練：第12講名詞性從句
介詞后面的引導詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如： It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
解析：答案是A。 返回目錄 考點七．“介詞+who(m)/……引導的賓語從句” 引導賓語從句時，that通常可以省略，但引導主語、表語和同位語從句時，that不能省。例如： China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what
B. which
C. 不填
D. it that 解析：答案是C。
考點八、連接詞that的省略。 要點知識
一．主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主語和it構成強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it構成強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主語的結構 (1) It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句
It is a fact that …
事實是…
It is an honor that
…非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常識 (2) It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句
It is natural that…
很自然…
It is strange that…
奇怪的是… 返回目錄 (3) It is ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句
It seems that…
似乎…
It happened that…
碰巧…
It appears that…
似乎… (4) It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句
It is reported that…
據報道…
It has been proved that…
已證實…
It is said that…
據說…
4. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
It is right what you said yesterday. It is a consolation that she is still alive. × √
二．賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。 1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 返回目錄 2. 作介詞的賓語，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. it 可以作為形式賓語
it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如：
We think it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 返回目錄 5. 否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。 返回目錄
三．表語從句
表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如： 返回目錄 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位語從句 1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。 2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
返回目錄 3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別 (1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。 (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分） 返回目錄
2024年 高考總復習 高考鏈接
體驗 考點梳理
精講 要點知識
點撥
名詞性從句
名詞性從句
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。 返回目錄 1. What was most important to her，she told
me，was her family. 2. China is no longer what she used to be. 3. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 5. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 6. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 主語從句 同位語從句 同位語從句 7. The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 8.The problem is that we don’t have much time left. 9. That’s where they are mistaken. 10.The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get. 11. The how－to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
定語從句 表語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 賓語從句 高考
體驗 返回目錄 1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【答案】B 【解析】本題考查賓語從句。which引導的句子做know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。 返回目錄 2.(2010高考英語浙江卷,9)It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that
B．what
C．how
D．whether
【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。 It是形式主語, 空格處引導主語從句，從句中主語需要加上修飾此what才完整，所以這里選B項。
返回目錄 3.(2010高考英語天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know
______ it takes to start a business here. A. how
B. what
C. When
D. which
【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：“作為新畢業生，他不知道在這兒開創事業都需要什么。” 賓語從句暗含it takes…to do sth句型，因此應用what引導賓語從句并充當從句中動詞take的賓語。
返回目錄 4.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence ______ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
A．which
B．that C．how D．where
【答案】B 【解析】名詞性從句。此處是that引導同位語從句對evidence進行具體的說明。語意：沒有明顯的證據表明在太陽系能其他行星上有生命存在。據此選B項。
返回目錄 5.(2010上海春, 33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know ______
the company was an established one.
A．whether
B．what
C．until
D．although
【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞性從句。語意：Tina對所提供的工作正在猶豫中，因為她不知道這家公司是不是一家地位穩固的公司。此處whether引導賓語從句，作know的賓語。 返回目錄 6. (2010高考英語陜西卷,18)It never occurred to me _______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. if
【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我從來沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。It occurs to sb that…的意思為“某人突然想到……”其中that引導主語從句，it為形式主語，指代that從句的具體內容。
返回目錄 考點梳理
精講 返回目錄 引導主、賓、表語從句時，what要充當主語、賓語或表語等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在語法上起連接的作用。例如
____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
解析：本句包含一個主語從句和一個賓語從句，且兩個從句都缺乏賓語
答案是A。 返回目錄 考點一、連接詞what與that的用法區別。 ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where 答案是A，what在主語從句中作主語，即作謂語動詞caused的執行者。 試對比下面句子：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
返回目錄 通常，引導主語從句、表語從句、介詞賓語從句 同位語從句時，要用連詞whether，不用if；習慣 也只能說whether or not，而不說if …or not。
例如： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever
B. If
C. Whether
D. That
返回目錄 考點二
連接詞whether和if的用法區別。 與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語序。 You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited
B. how excited
they were C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。須注意，從句的引導詞必須始終置于從句句首，而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開。 返回目錄 考點三、名詞性從句的語序。 當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，常常將從句后置，而用it作為形式主語，置于句首。 動詞后接復合賓語，也可用it作形式賓語。例如: ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It 答案是D。 think, find, consider, believe, feel等動詞后常帶復合賓語。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
返回目錄 考點四、形式主語、形式賓語。 一般說來，what/who等含有特指意義，而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么/無論誰”。例如： It is generally considered unwise to give
a child ____ he or she wants. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
解析：答案是B，想一想？ 這里whatever能改用no matter what嗎？ 返回目錄 考點五、Who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法區別。 Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導名詞性 從句，使用的關鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why
B. when
C. that
D. where
解析：答案是A，之所以選why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依據便是句子的邏輯含義，及語境。 考點六、Where, when, why等連接副詞 引導的名詞性從句。
介詞后面的引導詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如： It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
解析：答案是A。 返回目錄 考點七．“介詞+who(m)/……引導的賓語從句” 引導賓語從句時，that通常可以省略，但引導主語、表語和同位語從句時，that不能省。例如： China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what
B. which
C. 不填
D. it that 解析：答案是C。
考點八、連接詞that的省略。 要點知識
一．主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主語和it構成強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it構成強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主語的結構 (1) It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句
It is a fact that …
事實是…
It is an honor that
…非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常識 (2) It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句
It is natural that…
很自然…
It is strange that…
奇怪的是… 返回目錄 (3) It is ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句
It seems that…
似乎…
It happened that…
碰巧…
It appears that…
似乎… (4) It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句
It is reported that…
據報道…
It has been proved that…
已證實…
It is said that…
據說…
4. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
It is right what you said yesterday. It is a consolation that she is still alive. × √
二．賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。 1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 返回目錄 2. 作介詞的賓語，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. it 可以作為形式賓語
it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如：
We think it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 返回目錄 5. 否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。 返回目錄
三．表語從句
表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如： 返回目錄 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位語從句 1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。 2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
返回目錄 3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別 (1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。 (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分） 返回目錄
2024年 高考總復習 高考鏈接
體驗 考點梳理
精講 要點知識
點撥
名詞性從句
名詞性從句
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。 返回目錄 1. What was most important to her，she told
me，was her family. 2. China is no longer what she used to be. 3. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 5. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 6. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 主語從句 同位語從句 同位語從句 7. The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 8.The problem is that we don’t have much time left. 9. That’s where they are mistaken. 10.The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get. 11. The how－to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
定語從句 表語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 賓語從句 高考
體驗 返回目錄 1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【答案】B 【解析】本題考查賓語從句。which引導的句子做know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。 返回目錄 2.(2010高考英語浙江卷,9)It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that
B．what
C．how
D．whether
【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。 It是形式主語, 空格處引導主語從句，從句中主語需要加上修飾此what才完整，所以這里選B項。
返回目錄 3.(2010高考英語天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know
______ it takes to start a business here. A. how
B. what
C. When
D. which
【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：“作為新畢業生，他不知道在這兒開創事業都需要什么。” 賓語從句暗含it takes…to do sth句型，因此應用what引導賓語從句并充當從句中動詞take的賓語。
返回目錄 4.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence ______ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
A．which
B．that C．how D．where
【答案】B 【解析】名詞性從句。此處是that引導同位語從句對evidence進行具體的說明。語意：沒有明顯的證據表明在太陽系能其他行星上有生命存在。據此選B項。
返回目錄 5.(2010上海春, 33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know ______
the company was an established one.
A．whether
B．what
C．until
D．although
【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞性從句。語意：Tina對所提供的工作正在猶豫中，因為她不知道這家公司是不是一家地位穩固的公司。此處whether引導賓語從句，作know的賓語。 返回目錄 6. (2010高考英語陜西卷,18)It never occurred to me _______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. if
【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我從來沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。It occurs to sb that…的意思為“某人突然想到……”其中that引導主語從句，it為形式主語，指代that從句的具體內容。
返回目錄 考點梳理
精講 返回目錄 引導主、賓、表語從句時，what要充當主語、賓語或表語等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在語法上起連接的作用。例如
____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
解析：本句包含一個主語從句和一個賓語從句，且兩個從句都缺乏賓語
答案是A。 返回目錄 考點一、連接詞what與that的用法區別。 ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where 答案是A，what在主語從句中作主語，即作謂語動詞caused的執行者。 試對比下面句子：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
返回目錄 通常，引導主語從句、表語從句、介詞賓語從句 同位語從句時，要用連詞whether，不用if；習慣 也只能說whether or not，而不說if …or not。
例如： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever
B. If
C. Whether
D. That
返回目錄 考點二
連接詞whether和if的用法區別。 與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語序。 You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited
B. how excited
they were C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。須注意，從句的引導詞必須始終置于從句句首，而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開。 返回目錄 考點三、名詞性從句的語序。 當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，常常將從句后置，而用it作為形式主語，置于句首。 動詞后接復合賓語，也可用it作形式賓語。例如: ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It 答案是D。 think, find, consider, believe, feel等動詞后常帶復合賓語。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
返回目錄 考點四、形式主語、形式賓語。 一般說來，what/who等含有特指意義，而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么/無論誰”。例如： It is generally considered unwise to give
a child ____ he or she wants. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
解析：答案是B，想一想？ 這里whatever能改用no matter what嗎？ 返回目錄 考點五、Who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法區別。 Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導名詞性 從句，使用的關鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why
B. when
C. that
D. where
解析：答案是A，之所以選why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依據便是句子的邏輯含義，及語境。 考點六、Where, when, why等連接副詞 引導的名詞性從句。
