英語四級深度的閱讀精講之四
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked , , and . For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How to Visualize Your Success
Have you ever heard of visualization ? Of course you have. Everybody s heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whether they realize it or not. How it works though is an altogether different matter. I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of why visualizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theories that cannot be proven.
The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between what s true and what s imagined. There is an off-cited example of an experiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist, Alan Richardson. He took some basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasn t allowed to either practice or visualize. At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement, The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced.
How can that be so?
Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time they missed they had in effect, practiced how to miss.
The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.
Forging a Path through a Meadow
Imagine walking home from a new job. You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. If you live in New York you re going to need a great imagination for this one.
The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous day. However, after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn away and there s a farmer with a shotgun
and large dog waiting for you at the end. Let s presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want. What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction? Slim to none would be my guess.
After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before releasing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end, then you ll probably find a new way home once you re released from
hospital.
The next time you re walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. The same process then begins to take place only this time the original path you made has started to grow back.
How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time you re-think it though it grows in strength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.
This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking. The pathway has been established and it s just easier to continue following it than trying to think
about something new and form a new connection in the brain.
Making Visualization Work for You
Visualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. That s what the basketball visualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of itself will not turn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but it will help you succeed more quickly.
All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh? Seriously though, that is all there is to it. How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and it s really
not advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day and then spending 10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object.
You can also incorporate the fake it till you make it method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.
This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are. Again, it s simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.
Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it s being unrealistic. Well yeh, maybe they re right, but who cares? If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out, but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out there that haven t used this method or visualization at one time or another. In fact, successful people don t care too much for reality; it just gets in the way and slows them down. What about you?
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答;8-10題在答題卡1上。
l. According to the passage, visualization works ______
through delving into concepts and theories
without searching deeply into concepts and theories
in a way that could be proven
when playing basketball
2. What were the results of the experiment conducted by Alan Richardson in the first two groups?
They both improved to a similar degree.
Group One was much worse than Group Two.
Group Two remained as they were.
The results were different in the two groups.
3. How could the people who only visualized playing basketball do as well as the ones who had actually practiced?
Because they are very intelligent indeed.
Because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.
Because they practiced before.
Beeanse they saw people who had actually practiced.
4. What probably makes you want to try another different direction when you already have one path made?
You already know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
There is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk.
The farmer and the dog will wait for you and start attacking you.
You know definitely a better way to be explored.
5. According to the passage, why do people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking?
Because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.
Because having the passive thoughts in the brain is much easier than having the positive thoughts.
Because negative thoughts grow in strength much easily.
Because negative thoughts form a easier connection in the brain.
6. How is visualization working in the basketball visualizers brains?
By playing basketball before visualization.
By thinking days and nights about how to hit.
By fooling them that this practice will turn them into NBA stars.
By cheating their own unconscious into believing they know how to hit.
7. According to the passage, which of the following will help you turn into an NBA star more quickly?
To think about NBA stars every day.
To watch NBA games every, day.
To fool your own unconscious.
To visualize it and practice.
8. It s not advisable visualizing your success and in your head.
9. When we combine fake it till you make it and , it can help us succeed quickly.
10. is not very important for successful people, because it just gets in the way and slows them down.
文章精要
無論人們是否意識到，視覺化在日常生活中普遍存在，而且起著重要的作用。本文講述了視覺化如何運作，以及如何通過視覺化加速成功。文章先通過打籃球的例子指出想象在人的思維中所起的重要作用;然后通過現實生活申找路的例子，講述了如何在思維中建立想象的路徑，以及怎樣用想象來使我們達到成功的目的。
1.B根據題干信息詞visualization和works定位到文章第一段末句，即：視覺化并不需要專研其概念和理論也能運作，選項B中的searching deeply into相當于原文的delving into，故選B。選項A與原文相反。原文中提到那些概念和理論還未被證實，所以選項c也不對。
2.A根據題干信息詞experiment和Alan Richardson定位到文章第二段。本題問的是 Alan Richardson試驗中前兩個隊的結果是什么? 文中提到：被要求每天想象打籃球的人與實際練習打籃球的人水平相似，故選A。
3.B根據題干信息詞visualized和actually practiced定位到文中 How Can that be so? 問題下，即文章第四段。本題問的是 那些僅僅想象打籃球的人是怎么做到與每天實際練習打籃球的人做的一樣好呢? 文中提到：被要求想象打籃球的人是依靠在思維中建立感覺和記憶達到成功的，故選B。文中并未提及他們是否聰明、是否以前練習過打球或者看過別人練習打球，故排除A、c、D。
4.C根據題干信息詞try another different direction定位到文章第六、七段。本題問 當你已經找到了一條路時，在什么情況下會使得你想嘗試換另一個不同的方向? 文中提到：如果農夫用槍襲擊你，并放狗咬你，一旦你從醫院康復出來，你就有可能尋找一條新的路回家，故選C。選項A，原文中提到，在這種情況下換路的可能性幾乎沒有，slim在這里意為 微小的，渺茫的 。選項B，這是指沒有抄近路之前，而題于是you already have one path made的情況，所以排除。
5.A根據題干信息詞difficulty snapping negative loops ofthinking定位到文章第二個小標題下的第二段。本題問的是 日常生活中，人們為什么很難停止消極思維的惡性循環 ，該段第二句提到：由于思維已經形成，保持它比在大腦中試著想象新的事情、形成新的連接更容易，故選A。文中并沒有提到消極思維是否比積極思維更容易形成并鞏固，所以其他三項均排除。
6.D根據題干信息詞basketball visualizers定位到文章中第三個小標題下的第一段。本題問的是 視覺化在被要求想象打籃球的人的大腦里是怎么運作的 ，該段第二句提到：想象打籃球的人是這么做的，他們將自己無意識的思想變成認為他們知道怎么打籃球的思想，故選D。文中并未提及他們在想象之前打過籃球，也沒有提到他們是否日 思夜想如何打球，故排除A、B。該段最后一句提到僅僅是想象的話不可能把他們變成NBA球星，選項c也不對。
7.D根據題干信息詞NBA star定位到文章第三個小標題下的第一段最后一句。即：當然這不會使你成為一名NBA球星，你需要實際練習，但是它能夠幫助你加速成功。也就是說練習加上視覺化可能讓你變成球星，故選D。
8.replaying negative stuff,根據題干信息詞not advisable將本題答案定位于第三個小標題下第二段。該段倒數第二句講到：每天視覺化你的成功20分鐘，然后花l0個小時用來擔心失敗、腦海中反復想象負面內容，這是很不明智的。因此這里需要填入replaying negative stuff。
9.visualization。根據題干信息詞fake it till you make it定位到文章倒數第二段。該段提到：You can also incorporate the fake it till you make it method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.即：你
也可以將 裝下去直到成功 的方法與視覺化結合起來，這樣可以幫助你加快進程。Combine和incorporate同義，故本題應填visualization。
10.Reality。根據題干信息詞it just gets in the way and slows them down定位到文章末段。該段提到：In fact.
successful people don t care too much for reality;it just gets in the way and slows them down.即：實際上，成功的人并沒有更多地關注事實，它只會礙事兒，讓他們減速，故本題應填Reality。
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked , , and . For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How to Visualize Your Success
Have you ever heard of visualization ? Of course you have. Everybody s heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whether they realize it or not. How it works though is an altogether different matter. I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of why visualizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theories that cannot be proven.
The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between what s true and what s imagined. There is an off-cited example of an experiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist, Alan Richardson. He took some basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasn t allowed to either practice or visualize. At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement, The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced.
How can that be so?
Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time they missed they had in effect, practiced how to miss.
The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.
Forging a Path through a Meadow
Imagine walking home from a new job. You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. If you live in New York you re going to need a great imagination for this one.
The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous day. However, after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn away and there s a farmer with a shotgun
and large dog waiting for you at the end. Let s presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want. What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction? Slim to none would be my guess.
After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before releasing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end, then you ll probably find a new way home once you re released from
hospital.
The next time you re walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. The same process then begins to take place only this time the original path you made has started to grow back.
How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time you re-think it though it grows in strength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.
This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking. The pathway has been established and it s just easier to continue following it than trying to think
about something new and form a new connection in the brain.
Making Visualization Work for You
Visualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. That s what the basketball visualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of itself will not turn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but it will help you succeed more quickly.
All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh? Seriously though, that is all there is to it. How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and it s really
not advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day and then spending 10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object.
You can also incorporate the fake it till you make it method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.
This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are. Again, it s simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.
Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it s being unrealistic. Well yeh, maybe they re right, but who cares? If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out, but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out there that haven t used this method or visualization at one time or another. In fact, successful people don t care too much for reality; it just gets in the way and slows them down. What about you?
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答;8-10題在答題卡1上。
l. According to the passage, visualization works ______
through delving into concepts and theories
without searching deeply into concepts and theories
in a way that could be proven
when playing basketball
2. What were the results of the experiment conducted by Alan Richardson in the first two groups?
They both improved to a similar degree.
Group One was much worse than Group Two.
Group Two remained as they were.
The results were different in the two groups.
3. How could the people who only visualized playing basketball do as well as the ones who had actually practiced?
Because they are very intelligent indeed.
Because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.
Because they practiced before.
Beeanse they saw people who had actually practiced.
4. What probably makes you want to try another different direction when you already have one path made?
You already know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
There is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk.
The farmer and the dog will wait for you and start attacking you.
You know definitely a better way to be explored.
5. According to the passage, why do people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking?
Because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.
Because having the passive thoughts in the brain is much easier than having the positive thoughts.
Because negative thoughts grow in strength much easily.
Because negative thoughts form a easier connection in the brain.
6. How is visualization working in the basketball visualizers brains?
By playing basketball before visualization.
By thinking days and nights about how to hit.
By fooling them that this practice will turn them into NBA stars.
By cheating their own unconscious into believing they know how to hit.
7. According to the passage, which of the following will help you turn into an NBA star more quickly?
To think about NBA stars every day.
To watch NBA games every, day.
To fool your own unconscious.
To visualize it and practice.
8. It s not advisable visualizing your success and in your head.
9. When we combine fake it till you make it and , it can help us succeed quickly.
10. is not very important for successful people, because it just gets in the way and slows them down.
文章精要
無論人們是否意識到，視覺化在日常生活中普遍存在，而且起著重要的作用。本文講述了視覺化如何運作，以及如何通過視覺化加速成功。文章先通過打籃球的例子指出想象在人的思維中所起的重要作用;然后通過現實生活申找路的例子，講述了如何在思維中建立想象的路徑，以及怎樣用想象來使我們達到成功的目的。
1.B根據題干信息詞visualization和works定位到文章第一段末句，即：視覺化并不需要專研其概念和理論也能運作，選項B中的searching deeply into相當于原文的delving into，故選B。選項A與原文相反。原文中提到那些概念和理論還未被證實，所以選項c也不對。
2.A根據題干信息詞experiment和Alan Richardson定位到文章第二段。本題問的是 Alan Richardson試驗中前兩個隊的結果是什么? 文中提到：被要求每天想象打籃球的人與實際練習打籃球的人水平相似，故選A。
3.B根據題干信息詞visualized和actually practiced定位到文中 How Can that be so? 問題下，即文章第四段。本題問的是 那些僅僅想象打籃球的人是怎么做到與每天實際練習打籃球的人做的一樣好呢? 文中提到：被要求想象打籃球的人是依靠在思維中建立感覺和記憶達到成功的，故選B。文中并未提及他們是否聰明、是否以前練習過打球或者看過別人練習打球，故排除A、c、D。
4.C根據題干信息詞try another different direction定位到文章第六、七段。本題問 當你已經找到了一條路時，在什么情況下會使得你想嘗試換另一個不同的方向? 文中提到：如果農夫用槍襲擊你，并放狗咬你，一旦你從醫院康復出來，你就有可能尋找一條新的路回家，故選C。選項A，原文中提到，在這種情況下換路的可能性幾乎沒有，slim在這里意為 微小的，渺茫的 。選項B，這是指沒有抄近路之前，而題于是you already have one path made的情況，所以排除。
5.A根據題干信息詞difficulty snapping negative loops ofthinking定位到文章第二個小標題下的第二段。本題問的是 日常生活中，人們為什么很難停止消極思維的惡性循環 ，該段第二句提到：由于思維已經形成，保持它比在大腦中試著想象新的事情、形成新的連接更容易，故選A。文中并沒有提到消極思維是否比積極思維更容易形成并鞏固，所以其他三項均排除。
6.D根據題干信息詞basketball visualizers定位到文章中第三個小標題下的第一段。本題問的是 視覺化在被要求想象打籃球的人的大腦里是怎么運作的 ，該段第二句提到：想象打籃球的人是這么做的，他們將自己無意識的思想變成認為他們知道怎么打籃球的思想，故選D。文中并未提及他們在想象之前打過籃球，也沒有提到他們是否日 思夜想如何打球，故排除A、B。該段最后一句提到僅僅是想象的話不可能把他們變成NBA球星，選項c也不對。
7.D根據題干信息詞NBA star定位到文章第三個小標題下的第一段最后一句。即：當然這不會使你成為一名NBA球星，你需要實際練習，但是它能夠幫助你加速成功。也就是說練習加上視覺化可能讓你變成球星，故選D。
8.replaying negative stuff,根據題干信息詞not advisable將本題答案定位于第三個小標題下第二段。該段倒數第二句講到：每天視覺化你的成功20分鐘，然后花l0個小時用來擔心失敗、腦海中反復想象負面內容，這是很不明智的。因此這里需要填入replaying negative stuff。
9.visualization。根據題干信息詞fake it till you make it定位到文章倒數第二段。該段提到：You can also incorporate the fake it till you make it method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.即：你
也可以將 裝下去直到成功 的方法與視覺化結合起來，這樣可以幫助你加快進程。Combine和incorporate同義，故本題應填visualization。
10.Reality。根據題干信息詞it just gets in the way and slows them down定位到文章末段。該段提到：In fact.
successful people don t care too much for reality;it just gets in the way and slows them down.即：實際上，成功的人并沒有更多地關注事實，它只會礙事兒，讓他們減速，故本題應填Reality。
