英語四級真題仔細閱讀的答案及解析
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn t an either/or proposition，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovativeleaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it s natural to look for what may appear to be the most practical way out of the problem Major in a subject designed to get you a job seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as soft often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight picked up from science, arts, and technology to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students spiritual life.
D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
ANSWER 答案
57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A) Their interest in relevant subjects.
B) The academic value of the courses.
C) The quality of education to receive.
D) Their chances of getting a good job.
ANSWER 答案
58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
A) The benefit students in their future life.
B) They broaden students range of interests.
C) They improve students communication skills.
D) They are essential to students healthy growth.
ANSWER 答案
59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?
A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.
ANSWER 答案
60. What advice does the author give to college students?
A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C) Prepare themselves for different job options.
D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.
ANSWER 答案
56.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：屬于觀點型細節題，問最近的一次國會報告提出了什么建議。根據題干定位詞latest congressional report 定位到文章第二段第一句。Acknowledge意為 承認 ，引出觀點。前半句非常簡單， 最近的一次國會報告承認了技術訓練的關鍵性 ，后半句以but進行語義轉折，意為 但是他們也認為關于人文學科和社會科學的研究都必須在任何等級的美國教育系統中作為核心部分 。之后的both areas are critical to 都是在描述這兩門學科對塑造人才的積極影響，可以略讀。
A. 與STEM相關的學科可以幫助學生在信息社會找到工作 。文章對于STEM的影響的描述只出現在第二段的最后一句話，但沒有提及能幫助找工作，屬于無中生有，排除。
B. 人文學科和STEM應該被給與相同的重要性 。通過第二段第一句話but后面的內容可以確定B為正選。選項唯一的難點是STEM在文中是以social science進行同義替換的方式出現的。Should be given equal importance和原文的must remain central components of 對應。
C. 高等教育的文科能幫助學生豐富精神世界 。C選項的干擾性同樣來自于第二段的最后一句，但需要注意的是原文所說的spiritual enrichment是由reflection on the great ideas of mankind提供而非選項所指的liberal arts. 故C排除。
D. 高等教育應該適用于社會的實際需求 。這個選項屬于無中生有，比較容易排除。
57.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問學生選擇專業時主要關心什么。結合順序原則可以大致定位到第三段，本段前兩句話講述了家長和學生們在為高等教育做出巨大投資之后所擔心的問題就是市場的變化可能會導致孩子們將來就業機會變少以及工資降低。并且根據這個大背景提出了一個公認的解決的辦法，也就是由題干中的major定位到的本段第三句， Major in a subject designed to get you a job seems the obvious answer to some, 意思是 選擇一個為給你找到工作而設計的專業是大部分人認可的答案 。
D. 找到工作的機會。 原文的同義改寫，D為正確答案。
58.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者如何評價所謂的 軟 學科。本題答案依然出自于第三段，57題定位句的后半句，即though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as soft often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.本句的disciplines與subjects都是 學科 的意思，所以這句話可以翻譯成 盡管他們忽略一個事實，那就是人文學科中那些被描述成 軟 學科的，通常能夠能夠促成將來的就業和成功 。
A. 他們會在將來的生活使學生受益。 benefit與原文的lead to employment and success對應，in their future與原文的in the long run對應。A為正確答案。其它選項不符題意。
59.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問老板想找什么類型的應聘者。答案出自第三段最后一句話，employers have expressed a preference for students who received a broadly-based education that has taught them how to write well, think carefully, research creatively, and communicate easily. 這句話非常明確地告訴我們老板所偏愛的員工是接受過broadly-based education的人，即 全方位教育 ，所以與這句話有相同描述的選項即為正選。
D. 那些接受過全方位教育的人。 well-rounded是broadly-based的同義改寫，所以D為正確答案，其它選項不符題意。
60.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者給大學生提了什么建議。全文只有四段話，前三段都已經用于解決之前的四道題，所以最后一題自然而然地定位到最后一段。并且由第一句里的students should 可以看出這段話主要是在討論相關的建議。由于沒有具體的定位詞可以參考，所以一般情況下咱們需要快速讀完整段話再一一對應選項看有沒有符合的內容。
本題選擇D。答案出自于本段的最后兩句話。意思是 能在這種環境下做到最好的一定是那些已經讓自己做好隨時變通的準備的人。 以及最后作者還評價 能夠利用任何可用的工具 不管是來自己于哪個學科，去解決問題，并且利用機會表現自己 的能力會產生很大的幫助。D選項就是對原文的歸納和總結，ABC屬于無中生有的干擾項。
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn t it? If you think so, you re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
Energy independence and its rhetorical companion energy security are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?
Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickleof biofuelavailable, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.
Second, Americans have basically decided that they don t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.
There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?
A) It sounds very attractive. C) It will bring oil prices down.
B) It ensures national security. D) It has long been everyone s dream.
ANSWER 答案
62. What does the author think of biofuels?
A) They keep America s economy running healthily.
B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
C) They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.
D) They cause serious damage to the environment.
ANSWER 答案
63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?
A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
C) It wants to keep its own environment intact.
D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.
ANSWER 答案
64. What does the author say about oil trade?
A) It proves profitable to both sides. C) It makes for economic prosperity.
B) It improves economic efficiency. D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.
ANSWER 答案
65. What is the author s purpose in writing the passage?
A) To justify America s dependence on oil imports.
B) To arouse Americans awareness of the energy crisis.
C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.
D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.
ANSWER 答案
61. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：此題并非主旨題，按順序原則及題干信息定位首段。 If you think so, you re not alone 表明作者持有同樣想法，答案往 so 前面找 Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn t it? have a nice ring to sth.表示 聽起來不錯，令人向往 的意思，選項A的attractive是其同義改寫。即使不了解短語，根據nice可判斷正態度，答案選A。
62. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：由題干信息biofuels定位在第四段落。定位句本身出現but強調： but most biofuels are a Faustian bargain, causing economic waste and environmental destruction. but后面的強調才是作者對于biofuels的真正想法 causing economic waste and environmental destruction。選項中AB選項均為正態度，與原文不符直接排除。原文中C選項為干擾選項， 可持續的能源供給 ，文章未提及。
63. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：按照閱讀出題的 順序原則 直接看到下一段。首句 Americans have basically decided that they don t really want to produce all their own oil. 美國人不愿意自己產油，是63題題干信息當中 America rely on heavily on oil imports 的同義改寫。根據 金三句原則 定位到定位句的下一句 the American people decided that they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. 相比從國外進口石油，美國人更看重環境質量，由此判斷，答案選C keep environment intact 。
64. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：根據定位詞oil trade以及順序原則定位到文章最后一段。根據文章主旨和前文內容，或者是根據定位段信息可知 United States imports a great of energy ，讓能源輸出國有利可圖，而同時 At the same time ，美國本身也有自身利益 we derive massive economic benefits when we engage in energy trade around the world. ，答案選A： It proves profitable to both sides 。
65.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者寫作意圖，即問全文主旨。根據各段首句以及串聯五個題干信息可得知，文章主要討論 America 的 energy independence ，就可以直接排除BCD選項了。為做題保險，還要進一步確認。由文章末端的結尾 At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we engage in energy trade around the world. 可得知作者態度還是站在 oil imports 這一邊的，因為可以得到 massive economic benefits ，所以作者還是在為 oil imports 而申辯的。答案選A。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn t an either/or proposition，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovativeleaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it s natural to look for what may appear to be the most practical way out of the problem Major in a subject designed to get you a job seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as soft often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight picked up from science, arts, and technology to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students spiritual life.
D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
ANSWER 答案
57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A) Their interest in relevant subjects.
B) The academic value of the courses.
C) The quality of education to receive.
D) Their chances of getting a good job.
ANSWER 答案
58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
A) The benefit students in their future life.
B) They broaden students range of interests.
C) They improve students communication skills.
D) They are essential to students healthy growth.
ANSWER 答案
59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?
A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.
ANSWER 答案
60. What advice does the author give to college students?
A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C) Prepare themselves for different job options.
D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.
ANSWER 答案
56.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：屬于觀點型細節題，問最近的一次國會報告提出了什么建議。根據題干定位詞latest congressional report 定位到文章第二段第一句。Acknowledge意為 承認 ，引出觀點。前半句非常簡單， 最近的一次國會報告承認了技術訓練的關鍵性 ，后半句以but進行語義轉折，意為 但是他們也認為關于人文學科和社會科學的研究都必須在任何等級的美國教育系統中作為核心部分 。之后的both areas are critical to 都是在描述這兩門學科對塑造人才的積極影響，可以略讀。
A. 與STEM相關的學科可以幫助學生在信息社會找到工作 。文章對于STEM的影響的描述只出現在第二段的最后一句話，但沒有提及能幫助找工作，屬于無中生有，排除。
B. 人文學科和STEM應該被給與相同的重要性 。通過第二段第一句話but后面的內容可以確定B為正選。選項唯一的難點是STEM在文中是以social science進行同義替換的方式出現的。Should be given equal importance和原文的must remain central components of 對應。
C. 高等教育的文科能幫助學生豐富精神世界 。C選項的干擾性同樣來自于第二段的最后一句，但需要注意的是原文所說的spiritual enrichment是由reflection on the great ideas of mankind提供而非選項所指的liberal arts. 故C排除。
D. 高等教育應該適用于社會的實際需求 。這個選項屬于無中生有，比較容易排除。
57.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問學生選擇專業時主要關心什么。結合順序原則可以大致定位到第三段，本段前兩句話講述了家長和學生們在為高等教育做出巨大投資之后所擔心的問題就是市場的變化可能會導致孩子們將來就業機會變少以及工資降低。并且根據這個大背景提出了一個公認的解決的辦法，也就是由題干中的major定位到的本段第三句， Major in a subject designed to get you a job seems the obvious answer to some, 意思是 選擇一個為給你找到工作而設計的專業是大部分人認可的答案 。
D. 找到工作的機會。 原文的同義改寫，D為正確答案。
58.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者如何評價所謂的 軟 學科。本題答案依然出自于第三段，57題定位句的后半句，即though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as soft often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.本句的disciplines與subjects都是 學科 的意思，所以這句話可以翻譯成 盡管他們忽略一個事實，那就是人文學科中那些被描述成 軟 學科的，通常能夠能夠促成將來的就業和成功 。
A. 他們會在將來的生活使學生受益。 benefit與原文的lead to employment and success對應，in their future與原文的in the long run對應。A為正確答案。其它選項不符題意。
59.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問老板想找什么類型的應聘者。答案出自第三段最后一句話，employers have expressed a preference for students who received a broadly-based education that has taught them how to write well, think carefully, research creatively, and communicate easily. 這句話非常明確地告訴我們老板所偏愛的員工是接受過broadly-based education的人，即 全方位教育 ，所以與這句話有相同描述的選項即為正選。
D. 那些接受過全方位教育的人。 well-rounded是broadly-based的同義改寫，所以D為正確答案，其它選項不符題意。
60.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者給大學生提了什么建議。全文只有四段話，前三段都已經用于解決之前的四道題，所以最后一題自然而然地定位到最后一段。并且由第一句里的students should 可以看出這段話主要是在討論相關的建議。由于沒有具體的定位詞可以參考，所以一般情況下咱們需要快速讀完整段話再一一對應選項看有沒有符合的內容。
本題選擇D。答案出自于本段的最后兩句話。意思是 能在這種環境下做到最好的一定是那些已經讓自己做好隨時變通的準備的人。 以及最后作者還評價 能夠利用任何可用的工具 不管是來自己于哪個學科，去解決問題，并且利用機會表現自己 的能力會產生很大的幫助。D選項就是對原文的歸納和總結，ABC屬于無中生有的干擾項。
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn t it? If you think so, you re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
Energy independence and its rhetorical companion energy security are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?
Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickleof biofuelavailable, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.
Second, Americans have basically decided that they don t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.
There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?
A) It sounds very attractive. C) It will bring oil prices down.
B) It ensures national security. D) It has long been everyone s dream.
ANSWER 答案
62. What does the author think of biofuels?
A) They keep America s economy running healthily.
B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
C) They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.
D) They cause serious damage to the environment.
ANSWER 答案
63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?
A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
C) It wants to keep its own environment intact.
D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.
ANSWER 答案
64. What does the author say about oil trade?
A) It proves profitable to both sides. C) It makes for economic prosperity.
B) It improves economic efficiency. D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.
ANSWER 答案
65. What is the author s purpose in writing the passage?
A) To justify America s dependence on oil imports.
B) To arouse Americans awareness of the energy crisis.
C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.
D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.
ANSWER 答案
61. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：此題并非主旨題，按順序原則及題干信息定位首段。 If you think so, you re not alone 表明作者持有同樣想法，答案往 so 前面找 Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn t it? have a nice ring to sth.表示 聽起來不錯，令人向往 的意思，選項A的attractive是其同義改寫。即使不了解短語，根據nice可判斷正態度，答案選A。
62. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：由題干信息biofuels定位在第四段落。定位句本身出現but強調： but most biofuels are a Faustian bargain, causing economic waste and environmental destruction. but后面的強調才是作者對于biofuels的真正想法 causing economic waste and environmental destruction。選項中AB選項均為正態度，與原文不符直接排除。原文中C選項為干擾選項， 可持續的能源供給 ，文章未提及。
63. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：按照閱讀出題的 順序原則 直接看到下一段。首句 Americans have basically decided that they don t really want to produce all their own oil. 美國人不愿意自己產油，是63題題干信息當中 America rely on heavily on oil imports 的同義改寫。根據 金三句原則 定位到定位句的下一句 the American people decided that they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. 相比從國外進口石油，美國人更看重環境質量，由此判斷，答案選C keep environment intact 。
64. 英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：根據定位詞oil trade以及順序原則定位到文章最后一段。根據文章主旨和前文內容，或者是根據定位段信息可知 United States imports a great of energy ，讓能源輸出國有利可圖，而同時 At the same time ，美國本身也有自身利益 we derive massive economic benefits when we engage in energy trade around the world. ，答案選A： It proves profitable to both sides 。
65.英語四級仔細閱讀試題解析：題目問作者寫作意圖，即問全文主旨。根據各段首句以及串聯五個題干信息可得知，文章主要討論 America 的 energy independence ，就可以直接排除BCD選項了。為做題保險，還要進一步確認。由文章末端的結尾 At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we engage in energy trade around the world. 可得知作者態度還是站在 oil imports 這一邊的，因為可以得到 massive economic benefits ，所以作者還是在為 oil imports 而申辯的。答案選A。
