2023考研英語閱讀機場私有化
Airport privatisation
機場私有化
Runways required
跑道待增
Private investors can make airports bigger, but notbig enough
私人投資者能使機場擴大，但尚不夠大
Down from heaven and into arrival hell
自天堂而下至地獄
With their crowds, delays and retail opportunities, airports impart feelings that range fromirritation to despair.
人潮擁擠，班機延誤，以及零售商機，機場帶給人一種從憤怒乃至絕望的氣息。
The experience is likely to get worse.
這種感受還將變本加厲。
Over the next 20 years the number of jets circling the planet is set to double, butinvestment in airports probably won t.
在未來的20年里，環繞地球飛行的噴射機數量定會翻倍，但對機場的投資卻不然。
In Europe twice as many passengers are expected to squeeze through 41% more capacity.
在歐洲，多達兩倍的乘客將在只增長41%的機場容量里擠進擠出。
One reason why airports are grim is that many are state-owned.
機場形勢如此嚴峻的一個原因是，許多機場是國營的。
Of the world s 30 busiest ones, 19 are state-owned and most of the rest are public-privatepartnerships.
在世界上最繁忙的30個機場中，就有19個是國有的，余下的許多是公私合營。
In the past they were administered rather than managed to serve state-owned airlines,saysAndreas Schimm of Airports Council International, an umbrella body.
機場的協調組織國際機場協會ACI的Andreas Schimm說，在過去，機場都是 接受管理而非自主運營，為國營航空公司服務。
Governments now try to run airports on commercial lines, but few do it well.
如今政府已在機場試營商業航線，但成效不佳。
Privatisation could help.
私有化也許能為此推波助瀾。
Incheon and Cheongju airports in South Korea are likely to seek private investors soon.
南韓的仁川機場和清州機場可能很快就會尋求私人投資者。
So are Munich, Moscow s two smaller airports, France s regional airports and a host of others.
慕尼黑機場、莫斯科的兩個小機場、法國的一些地區性機場以及其它等地的一眾機場，都有可能緊隨此流。
Even in America, where complicated federal rules discourage either selling or buyingairports, a scheme to privatise Chicago Midway and four other airports is picking up speedagain.
即便是在美國，復雜的聯邦制度一向不鼓勵買賣機場，將芝加哥中途機場和其余四個機場私有化的計劃也加快了進程。
In Brazil, however, an effort to woo private cash to spruce up shabby airports before thefootball World Cup is stalling.
但是，在巴西，在足球世界杯前尋求私人資金以重新打造破舊機場的努力已被擱置。
An airport ought to be a sound investment.
機場必須是一項可觀的投資。
BAA, which runs Britain s biggest airports, has coined it.
BAA，是英國最大機場的持有者，造就了這個觀念。
Eyebrows were raised when Macquarie, an Australian bank, bought Sydney airport in 2002.
一家澳大利亞銀行Macquarie于2002年收購悉尼機場時，人們大為詫異。
But it quickly boosted revenues and profits.
但這項投資很快就創造了收益和利潤。
The release value of taking public assets private can be enormous, says Peter Morris ofAscend, a consultancy.
咨詢機構Ascend的Peter Morris說，購置公共資產的產出值可能是巨大的。
Investors could now be more wary, however.
然而，投資者現在有理由更謹慎些。
Empty public coffers might encourage governments to demand too high a price.
空空如也的國庫也許促使政府要價更高。
The liberalisation of air travel has increased competition between big hubs, especially inEurope and the Gulf.
航空旅游的自由化加大了大型機場間的競爭，特別是在歐洲與海灣。
And the soaring growth of low-cost airlines has added to the pressure.
而且，低成本航線的迅速發展帶來了額外的壓力。
Budget carriers are far more flexible and ruthless than their full-fare competitors.
廉價航空公司要比全票價的競爭者更加靈活且不留情面。
If business sags or landing fees rise, they will drop an airport as surely as a baggage-handlerwill drop a bag marked fragile.
如果收益減少或者降落費上漲，投資者將會放棄機場，就如同行李管理者放棄一個標志著易碎的袋子一樣毫不猶豫。
Privatisation can improve efficiency and service quality.
私有化可以改進效率和服務質量。
But passengers may face other torments. Airports earn just 18% of their revenues fromairlines, according to ACI.
但乘客也許會遭遇其它苦惱。根據ACI的說法，機場從航空公司的總收入中只賺取到18%。
The rest comes from passenger fees, parking charges, rent from retailers and so on.
其它利潤來自于乘客的費用、停車費、零售店的租金等等。
Rather than squeezing airlines, which can fly away, it is more tempting to go afterpassengers, who are hemmed in by metal detectors and armed police.
與其從航空公司中榨取，不如從乘客身上獲利，這樣做更誘人些，因為前者可以撤離，而后者則受制于金屬探測器和武裝警察。
Airlines grouch that landing feesalways rise at privatised airports.
航空公司抱怨說，私有化機場的降落費一直都在漲。
Giovanni Bisignani, the boss of IATA, a group that represents airlines, argues that the bestairports are those with good managers and tough regulators, and that ownership mattersless.
代表航空公司的組織國際航空運輸協會的老板Giovanni Bisignani辯稱，最好的機場是那些配備了上佳管理者和強硬監督者的機場，所有權在誰手里倒是其次。
But regulations will surely have to weaken to attract private money.
但要想吸引私人資金，規章條例必須得弱化。
By some estimates $1 trillion of new investment will be needed over the next two decades tomatch airport capacity to flight plans.
按照一些估算，未來20年里需要1萬億美元的新投資，才能使機場容量與飛行計劃相稱。
Yet there are barely a dozen airport groups that might be tempted to bid for the terminalsand runways on the block.
然而，僅僅有十多個機場可能會在拍賣中競購停機場和跑道。
They are unlikely to raise enough cash to keep pace with the rising volume of passengers.
這些機場不可能籌集得到足夠資金去適應不斷增長的乘客流量。
The queues will only grow longer.
機場的排隊只會變得更長。
詞語解釋
1.private a.私人的;個人的;私下的
The president is paying a private visit to Europe.
總統正在歐洲進行私人訪問。
2.irritation n.刺激;煩惱
Discontinue use if irritation or rash appear.
如果發生刺激或丘疹請停止使用。
3.circle n.圓圈;圈子
The dancers were standing in a circle around the fire.
舞者們圍著篝火站成一圈。
4.squeeze v.擠壓;塞進
Kara squeezed the bottle, and the water rushed out.
卡拉擠壓著那個瓶子,水一下子噴了出來。
5.commercial a.商業的
Do you fancy having a go at doing a commercial feature film?
對制作商業的影片有沒有興趣?
Airport privatisation
機場私有化
Runways required
跑道待增
Private investors can make airports bigger, but notbig enough
私人投資者能使機場擴大，但尚不夠大
Down from heaven and into arrival hell
自天堂而下至地獄
With their crowds, delays and retail opportunities, airports impart feelings that range fromirritation to despair.
人潮擁擠，班機延誤，以及零售商機，機場帶給人一種從憤怒乃至絕望的氣息。
The experience is likely to get worse.
這種感受還將變本加厲。
Over the next 20 years the number of jets circling the planet is set to double, butinvestment in airports probably won t.
在未來的20年里，環繞地球飛行的噴射機數量定會翻倍，但對機場的投資卻不然。
In Europe twice as many passengers are expected to squeeze through 41% more capacity.
在歐洲，多達兩倍的乘客將在只增長41%的機場容量里擠進擠出。
One reason why airports are grim is that many are state-owned.
機場形勢如此嚴峻的一個原因是，許多機場是國營的。
Of the world s 30 busiest ones, 19 are state-owned and most of the rest are public-privatepartnerships.
在世界上最繁忙的30個機場中，就有19個是國有的，余下的許多是公私合營。
In the past they were administered rather than managed to serve state-owned airlines,saysAndreas Schimm of Airports Council International, an umbrella body.
機場的協調組織國際機場協會ACI的Andreas Schimm說，在過去，機場都是 接受管理而非自主運營，為國營航空公司服務。
Governments now try to run airports on commercial lines, but few do it well.
如今政府已在機場試營商業航線，但成效不佳。
Privatisation could help.
私有化也許能為此推波助瀾。
Incheon and Cheongju airports in South Korea are likely to seek private investors soon.
南韓的仁川機場和清州機場可能很快就會尋求私人投資者。
So are Munich, Moscow s two smaller airports, France s regional airports and a host of others.
慕尼黑機場、莫斯科的兩個小機場、法國的一些地區性機場以及其它等地的一眾機場，都有可能緊隨此流。
Even in America, where complicated federal rules discourage either selling or buyingairports, a scheme to privatise Chicago Midway and four other airports is picking up speedagain.
即便是在美國，復雜的聯邦制度一向不鼓勵買賣機場，將芝加哥中途機場和其余四個機場私有化的計劃也加快了進程。
In Brazil, however, an effort to woo private cash to spruce up shabby airports before thefootball World Cup is stalling.
但是，在巴西，在足球世界杯前尋求私人資金以重新打造破舊機場的努力已被擱置。
An airport ought to be a sound investment.
機場必須是一項可觀的投資。
BAA, which runs Britain s biggest airports, has coined it.
BAA，是英國最大機場的持有者，造就了這個觀念。
Eyebrows were raised when Macquarie, an Australian bank, bought Sydney airport in 2002.
一家澳大利亞銀行Macquarie于2002年收購悉尼機場時，人們大為詫異。
But it quickly boosted revenues and profits.
但這項投資很快就創造了收益和利潤。
The release value of taking public assets private can be enormous, says Peter Morris ofAscend, a consultancy.
咨詢機構Ascend的Peter Morris說，購置公共資產的產出值可能是巨大的。
Investors could now be more wary, however.
然而，投資者現在有理由更謹慎些。
Empty public coffers might encourage governments to demand too high a price.
空空如也的國庫也許促使政府要價更高。
The liberalisation of air travel has increased competition between big hubs, especially inEurope and the Gulf.
航空旅游的自由化加大了大型機場間的競爭，特別是在歐洲與海灣。
And the soaring growth of low-cost airlines has added to the pressure.
而且，低成本航線的迅速發展帶來了額外的壓力。
Budget carriers are far more flexible and ruthless than their full-fare competitors.
廉價航空公司要比全票價的競爭者更加靈活且不留情面。
If business sags or landing fees rise, they will drop an airport as surely as a baggage-handlerwill drop a bag marked fragile.
如果收益減少或者降落費上漲，投資者將會放棄機場，就如同行李管理者放棄一個標志著易碎的袋子一樣毫不猶豫。
Privatisation can improve efficiency and service quality.
私有化可以改進效率和服務質量。
But passengers may face other torments. Airports earn just 18% of their revenues fromairlines, according to ACI.
但乘客也許會遭遇其它苦惱。根據ACI的說法，機場從航空公司的總收入中只賺取到18%。
The rest comes from passenger fees, parking charges, rent from retailers and so on.
其它利潤來自于乘客的費用、停車費、零售店的租金等等。
Rather than squeezing airlines, which can fly away, it is more tempting to go afterpassengers, who are hemmed in by metal detectors and armed police.
與其從航空公司中榨取，不如從乘客身上獲利，這樣做更誘人些，因為前者可以撤離，而后者則受制于金屬探測器和武裝警察。
Airlines grouch that landing feesalways rise at privatised airports.
航空公司抱怨說，私有化機場的降落費一直都在漲。
Giovanni Bisignani, the boss of IATA, a group that represents airlines, argues that the bestairports are those with good managers and tough regulators, and that ownership mattersless.
代表航空公司的組織國際航空運輸協會的老板Giovanni Bisignani辯稱，最好的機場是那些配備了上佳管理者和強硬監督者的機場，所有權在誰手里倒是其次。
But regulations will surely have to weaken to attract private money.
但要想吸引私人資金，規章條例必須得弱化。
By some estimates $1 trillion of new investment will be needed over the next two decades tomatch airport capacity to flight plans.
按照一些估算，未來20年里需要1萬億美元的新投資，才能使機場容量與飛行計劃相稱。
Yet there are barely a dozen airport groups that might be tempted to bid for the terminalsand runways on the block.
然而，僅僅有十多個機場可能會在拍賣中競購停機場和跑道。
They are unlikely to raise enough cash to keep pace with the rising volume of passengers.
這些機場不可能籌集得到足夠資金去適應不斷增長的乘客流量。
The queues will only grow longer.
機場的排隊只會變得更長。
詞語解釋
1.private a.私人的;個人的;私下的
The president is paying a private visit to Europe.
總統正在歐洲進行私人訪問。
2.irritation n.刺激;煩惱
Discontinue use if irritation or rash appear.
如果發生刺激或丘疹請停止使用。
3.circle n.圓圈;圈子
The dancers were standing in a circle around the fire.
舞者們圍著篝火站成一圈。
4.squeeze v.擠壓;塞進
Kara squeezed the bottle, and the water rushed out.
卡拉擠壓著那個瓶子,水一下子噴了出來。
5.commercial a.商業的
Do you fancy having a go at doing a commercial feature film?
對制作商業的影片有沒有興趣?
