2023考研英語閱讀45歲也能生娃
Life begins at 45
45歲也能生娃
Hope for older mothers.
高齡母親的福音。
WHEN it comes to reproduction, men have iteasy. Almost to the end of their lives most have anample supply of sperm. Women are not so lucky.They are born with a supply of eggs that typically runs out when they reach middle age. Thatcould be about to change, however. Researchers have confirmed that women harbourovarian stem cells, and that these can give rise to new eggs.
講到繁衍，男人表示壓力很小。大多數(shù)人直到去世前都擁有充足的精子。女人可就沒這么幸運(yùn)了。人到中年，她們就會(huì)耗盡出生時(shí)攜帶的卵子。不過，這一情形很快就能得到改變。研究者們證實(shí)，女人擁有卵巢干細(xì)胞，而這種細(xì)胞能成為新的卵細(xì)胞的來源。
Stem cells have the ability to divide continuously and to change into different types of cells.Stem cells from adults can produce a variety of cell types, in addition to those that makeup the tissue in which they are found.
干細(xì)胞具有不斷分裂的潛力，可以分化成許多種類的細(xì)胞。成人干細(xì)胞不僅可以分化成其來源組織的細(xì)胞，還能分化成其它細(xì)胞。
In 2004 Jonathan Tilly of Harvard Medical School and his colleagues discovered stem cells inmouse ovaries. Since then it has been shown that these ovarian stem cells can develop intoeggs, be fertilised and produce perfectly healthy mouse pups. But researchers have beenreluctant to believe that something similar might be possible in humans.
2004年，哈弗醫(yī)學(xué)院的Jonathan Tilly及其同事在老鼠卵巢里發(fā)現(xiàn)了干細(xì)胞。迄今已經(jīng)證實(shí)，此類卵巢干細(xì)胞能夠分化成為卵細(xì)胞，卵細(xì)胞在受精后還能發(fā)育成健康的鼠寶寶。但是研究者尚不能確信人類也存在類似機(jī)能。
Proving that this was indeed the case was tricky. Human ovarian tissue-especially fromyoung, healthy donors-is not easy to come by. Dr Tilly s breakthrough came when hediscovered that a former colleague, Yasushi Takai of Saitama Medical University in Japan,had in his freezer healthy ovarian tissue from 30 patients who had changed sex.
想要弄清真相有些困難。人類卵巢組織很難找到，健康的年輕捐獻(xiàn)者的組織更難尋覓。幸而Tilly博士發(fā)現(xiàn)他的前同事日本埼玉醫(yī)科大學(xué)的Yasushi Takai在冰箱里存放了30個(gè)變性人不再需要的健康卵巢組織，取得了突破。
Using a sophisticated cell-sorting technique, the researchers developed a way to identifyovarian stem cells that works for both mice and humans. Then they took the human ovarianstem cells, labelled them with a green fluorescent protein and put them back into a slice ofhuman ovary . The glowing green cells soon produced a brand new crop of human eggs, accordingto their findings published this week in Nature Medicine.
研究人員運(yùn)用尖端的細(xì)胞分選技術(shù)，找出方法，證實(shí)人類和老鼠身上都存在卵巢干細(xì)胞。隨后，他們分離出人類卵巢干細(xì)胞，用熒光蛋白做上標(biāo)記再把它植入一片人類卵巢組織。這片組織被移植到了活鼠體內(nèi)，使其保持正常卵巢的機(jī)能。他們本周發(fā)表在《自然醫(yī)學(xué)》上的結(jié)果稱，這些綠芒閃爍的細(xì)胞很快制造出了一批人類卵細(xì)胞。
Offshoring fertilisation.
國外受精。
Fertilising these eggs for experimentation is forbidden in America. Britain s HumanFertilisation and Embryology Authority, however, will allow it in certain cases. So nextmonth Dr Tilly will take some of his stem cell booty to Edinburgh to collaborate with EvelynTelfer, who has developed a technique for growing human eggs from an early stage. Sheholds a licence to fertilise them experimentally.
美國禁止為實(shí)驗(yàn)用的卵細(xì)胞受精，不過英國的人類受精和胚胎學(xué)管理局將在某些研究中允許給卵細(xì)胞授精。所以，下個(gè)月Tilly博士將帶著卵細(xì)胞去愛丁堡與Evelyn Telfer合作。Evelyn Telfer掌握了用卵母細(xì)胞培育卵細(xì)胞的技術(shù)，持有給試驗(yàn)用細(xì)胞授精的許可。
The discovery could revolutionise infertility treatment for women in several ways. For onething, research has shown that in mice, even aged ovaries contain ovarian stem cells. Andwhen those stem cells are placed into a young ovary, they will develop healthy eggs. Thisraises the possibility that, one day, women of advanced age could have their ownbiologically related children. Currently, many women over 45 have to make do with in-vitrofertilisation using the egg of a younger woman.
這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)是女性不育癥治療的一場革命。一方面，老鼠體內(nèi)衰老的卵巢里也有卵巢干細(xì)胞;將這些細(xì)胞移植到年輕的卵巢中后，它們能制造健康的卵子。這意味著將來的某天，年齡較大的婦女也能擁有生物學(xué)意義上的自己的孩子。目前，許多45歲以上的婦女只能湊合著用年輕女人的卵細(xì)胞進(jìn)行體外受精。
Other treatments will become available sooner. OvaScience, a fertility company based inBoston which has exclusive rights to exploit Dr Tilly s research on mammalian ovarianstem cells, will begin offering a novel treatment in July. This uses a woman s own stem cellsto provide her eggs with extra energy by creating fresh mitochondria-sub-units that existwithin cells and supply them with energy. They too can become scarcer and less productivewith age. Previous studies have shown that boosting mitochondria can dramatically increasethe success rates of IVF. When it comes to reproduction, men will still have it easier forsome time. But women are catching up.
另一種療法也將很快得到應(yīng)用。波士頓的OvaScience公司獨(dú)家開發(fā)Tilly博士的哺乳動(dòng)物卵巢干細(xì)胞細(xì)胞研究。今年7月，該公司將開始提供一種全新的療法：使用卵巢干細(xì)胞制造線粒體，給婦女的卵細(xì)胞增添活力。線粒體的數(shù)量和活力也會(huì)隨著年齡增長而遞減。此前的研究表明，增加線粒體數(shù)量能極大提高體外受精的成功率。談起繁衍來，男人還能優(yōu)哉游哉一陣子。不過，女人即將迎頭趕上。
Life begins at 45
45歲也能生娃
Hope for older mothers.
高齡母親的福音。
WHEN it comes to reproduction, men have iteasy. Almost to the end of their lives most have anample supply of sperm. Women are not so lucky.They are born with a supply of eggs that typically runs out when they reach middle age. Thatcould be about to change, however. Researchers have confirmed that women harbourovarian stem cells, and that these can give rise to new eggs.
講到繁衍，男人表示壓力很小。大多數(shù)人直到去世前都擁有充足的精子。女人可就沒這么幸運(yùn)了。人到中年，她們就會(huì)耗盡出生時(shí)攜帶的卵子。不過，這一情形很快就能得到改變。研究者們證實(shí)，女人擁有卵巢干細(xì)胞，而這種細(xì)胞能成為新的卵細(xì)胞的來源。
Stem cells have the ability to divide continuously and to change into different types of cells.Stem cells from adults can produce a variety of cell types, in addition to those that makeup the tissue in which they are found.
干細(xì)胞具有不斷分裂的潛力，可以分化成許多種類的細(xì)胞。成人干細(xì)胞不僅可以分化成其來源組織的細(xì)胞，還能分化成其它細(xì)胞。
In 2004 Jonathan Tilly of Harvard Medical School and his colleagues discovered stem cells inmouse ovaries. Since then it has been shown that these ovarian stem cells can develop intoeggs, be fertilised and produce perfectly healthy mouse pups. But researchers have beenreluctant to believe that something similar might be possible in humans.
2004年，哈弗醫(yī)學(xué)院的Jonathan Tilly及其同事在老鼠卵巢里發(fā)現(xiàn)了干細(xì)胞。迄今已經(jīng)證實(shí)，此類卵巢干細(xì)胞能夠分化成為卵細(xì)胞，卵細(xì)胞在受精后還能發(fā)育成健康的鼠寶寶。但是研究者尚不能確信人類也存在類似機(jī)能。
Proving that this was indeed the case was tricky. Human ovarian tissue-especially fromyoung, healthy donors-is not easy to come by. Dr Tilly s breakthrough came when hediscovered that a former colleague, Yasushi Takai of Saitama Medical University in Japan,had in his freezer healthy ovarian tissue from 30 patients who had changed sex.
想要弄清真相有些困難。人類卵巢組織很難找到，健康的年輕捐獻(xiàn)者的組織更難尋覓。幸而Tilly博士發(fā)現(xiàn)他的前同事日本埼玉醫(yī)科大學(xué)的Yasushi Takai在冰箱里存放了30個(gè)變性人不再需要的健康卵巢組織，取得了突破。
Using a sophisticated cell-sorting technique, the researchers developed a way to identifyovarian stem cells that works for both mice and humans. Then they took the human ovarianstem cells, labelled them with a green fluorescent protein and put them back into a slice ofhuman ovary . The glowing green cells soon produced a brand new crop of human eggs, accordingto their findings published this week in Nature Medicine.
研究人員運(yùn)用尖端的細(xì)胞分選技術(shù)，找出方法，證實(shí)人類和老鼠身上都存在卵巢干細(xì)胞。隨后，他們分離出人類卵巢干細(xì)胞，用熒光蛋白做上標(biāo)記再把它植入一片人類卵巢組織。這片組織被移植到了活鼠體內(nèi)，使其保持正常卵巢的機(jī)能。他們本周發(fā)表在《自然醫(yī)學(xué)》上的結(jié)果稱，這些綠芒閃爍的細(xì)胞很快制造出了一批人類卵細(xì)胞。
Offshoring fertilisation.
國外受精。
Fertilising these eggs for experimentation is forbidden in America. Britain s HumanFertilisation and Embryology Authority, however, will allow it in certain cases. So nextmonth Dr Tilly will take some of his stem cell booty to Edinburgh to collaborate with EvelynTelfer, who has developed a technique for growing human eggs from an early stage. Sheholds a licence to fertilise them experimentally.
美國禁止為實(shí)驗(yàn)用的卵細(xì)胞受精，不過英國的人類受精和胚胎學(xué)管理局將在某些研究中允許給卵細(xì)胞授精。所以，下個(gè)月Tilly博士將帶著卵細(xì)胞去愛丁堡與Evelyn Telfer合作。Evelyn Telfer掌握了用卵母細(xì)胞培育卵細(xì)胞的技術(shù)，持有給試驗(yàn)用細(xì)胞授精的許可。
The discovery could revolutionise infertility treatment for women in several ways. For onething, research has shown that in mice, even aged ovaries contain ovarian stem cells. Andwhen those stem cells are placed into a young ovary, they will develop healthy eggs. Thisraises the possibility that, one day, women of advanced age could have their ownbiologically related children. Currently, many women over 45 have to make do with in-vitrofertilisation using the egg of a younger woman.
這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)是女性不育癥治療的一場革命。一方面，老鼠體內(nèi)衰老的卵巢里也有卵巢干細(xì)胞;將這些細(xì)胞移植到年輕的卵巢中后，它們能制造健康的卵子。這意味著將來的某天，年齡較大的婦女也能擁有生物學(xué)意義上的自己的孩子。目前，許多45歲以上的婦女只能湊合著用年輕女人的卵細(xì)胞進(jìn)行體外受精。
Other treatments will become available sooner. OvaScience, a fertility company based inBoston which has exclusive rights to exploit Dr Tilly s research on mammalian ovarianstem cells, will begin offering a novel treatment in July. This uses a woman s own stem cellsto provide her eggs with extra energy by creating fresh mitochondria-sub-units that existwithin cells and supply them with energy. They too can become scarcer and less productivewith age. Previous studies have shown that boosting mitochondria can dramatically increasethe success rates of IVF. When it comes to reproduction, men will still have it easier forsome time. But women are catching up.
另一種療法也將很快得到應(yīng)用。波士頓的OvaScience公司獨(dú)家開發(fā)Tilly博士的哺乳動(dòng)物卵巢干細(xì)胞細(xì)胞研究。今年7月，該公司將開始提供一種全新的療法：使用卵巢干細(xì)胞制造線粒體，給婦女的卵細(xì)胞增添活力。線粒體的數(shù)量和活力也會(huì)隨著年齡增長而遞減。此前的研究表明，增加線粒體數(shù)量能極大提高體外受精的成功率。談起繁衍來，男人還能優(yōu)哉游哉一陣子。不過，女人即將迎頭趕上。
