英語四六級(jí)考試聽力的長(zhǎng)對(duì)話10大聽前預(yù)測(cè)方法
聽力題中很多選項(xiàng)都有比較明顯的特點(diǎn)，或者使用某種專門的表達(dá)形式，如均為動(dòng)詞原形或均為人物角色等;或者含有一些標(biāo)志性的詞語，通過這些選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)我們便可以推測(cè)問題可能考查的核心內(nèi)容;另外，我們經(jīng)常可以通過對(duì)選項(xiàng)的分析，排除一些比較明顯的干擾性，縮小聽音范圍，從而在聽音時(shí)更有針對(duì)性。
一、各題主題揭示對(duì)話主題
將各題所考查的主題內(nèi)容結(jié)合在一起，往往可得出整篇對(duì)話的主題。如果某一題目是考查對(duì)話主題，其中的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)明顯能夠概括其他各題選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，那么該選項(xiàng)很可能為答案。
【例1】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
19. [A]To interview a few job applicants.
[B]To fill a vacancy in the company.
[C] To advertise for a junior sales manager.
[D] To apply for a job in a major newspaper.
20. [A]A hard working ambitious young man.
[B]A young man good at managing his time.
[C]A college graduate with practical working experience.
[D]A young man with his own idea of what is important.
21. [A]Not clearly specified.
[B]Not likely to be met.
[C]Reasonable enough.
[D]Apparently sexist.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由19題中的interview, applicants, vacancy, advertise for a manager, apply for a job等詞語可以推測(cè)對(duì)話與刊登招聘廣告或應(yīng)聘工作有關(guān)。而20題中hardworking, ambitious, good at managing his time, with practical working experience, with his own idea等詞語則表明對(duì)話中還涉及到對(duì)所招聘人員的要求。
二、選項(xiàng)均以動(dòng)詞的某種形式開頭
含有這類選項(xiàng)的問題為考查行為活動(dòng)類型。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的不同形式，問題考查的重點(diǎn)也可能不同。
選項(xiàng)均以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，問題大多是關(guān)于建議某人做某事，有時(shí)也表示為了而某種目的而要做某事。
選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)名詞，問題大多是關(guān)于正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者計(jì)劃打算。
選項(xiàng)為不定式，問題很可能是關(guān)于做某事的目的，或是計(jì)劃、承諾或要求做某事。
【例2】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] File a lawsuit against the man.
[B] Ask the man for compensation.
[C] Have the mans apple tree cut down.
[D] Throw garbage into the mans yard.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞原形，故本題應(yīng)該是考查某人的行為活動(dòng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是針對(duì)男士的行為，故本題很可能是關(guān)于某人與男士發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵或沖突時(shí)所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
W: Get the branches off my property or Ill have to sue you.
M: Yeah? For what?! Youre taking those law classes too seriously! Ive gotta go, I have to pick up my son.
21. What did the woman threaten to do?
【例3】
[A]To interview a few job applicants.
[B]To fill a vacancy in the company.
[C] To advertise for a junior sales manager.
[D] To apply for a job in a major newspaper.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
選項(xiàng)均為不定式短語，故本題應(yīng)該是考查某人將要采取的行動(dòng)。[ A ]、[ C ]是關(guān)于招聘工作，[ B ]、[ D]則是關(guān)于申請(qǐng)工作，故聽音時(shí)應(yīng)留意該行為是關(guān)于招聘還是應(yīng)聘。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
M: Morning, Brenda.
W: Good morning, Mr. Browning.
M: Er, did you, did you put that ad in yesterday?
W: Yes, yesterday afternoon.
M: The ad for a junior sales manager, I mean.
19. What did Mr. Browning ask Brenda to do?
三、選項(xiàng)中含有表示意愿或建議的詞
如果選項(xiàng)中含有should, had better, would like等一類的詞語，問題很可能是考查觀點(diǎn)或建議。
【例4】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Accurate communication is of utmost importance.
[B] Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.
[C] Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.
[D] Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由選項(xiàng)中的should可推知，本題應(yīng)該是考查某人的觀點(diǎn)或建議。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容表明問題應(yīng)該與確保安全飛行的因素有關(guān)。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simple misunderstanding.
W: Wow, thats a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other.
25. What lesson could be drawn from the accident?
四、選項(xiàng)中含有表示評(píng)論或感受的動(dòng)詞
如果選項(xiàng)中含有think, like, dislike, enjoy, agree, disagree, mind等一類的詞語，聽力材料或問題很可能是關(guān)于對(duì)某人或某事物的評(píng)價(jià)或感受。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中如均含有表示評(píng)論或感受的詞，則表示問題是關(guān)于對(duì)人或事物的評(píng)價(jià)或感受;如其中只有個(gè)別選項(xiàng)含有表示評(píng)論或感受的詞，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到對(duì)人或事物的評(píng)價(jià)或感受，問題內(nèi)容則不一定會(huì)涉及。
【例5】
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中均含有表示評(píng)論的詞語，故問題很可能是關(guān)于某人對(duì)某事物的看法。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
W: Yes, erm, what sort of education are you actually looking for?
M: Well, you know, a couple of A levels. Must have English, of course.
W: Yes, I think youre asking quite a lot. I mean youre not really prepared to pay all ...
M: No, Im not prepared to give him a big salary to start with. Nevertheless, I want someone with plenty of ambition, plenty of drive. You know, not looking at the clock all the time.
W: Well sir, I wish you the best of luck and hope you have some very successful interviews.
M: Well, yes?
W: Because personally I think youre asking an awful lot.
21. What does Brenda think of the qualifications Mr. Browning insists on?
五、選項(xiàng)中含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)
如果選項(xiàng)中含有形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，或是其他表示比較的詞語，則聽力材料或問題很可能涉及人或事物之間的異同點(diǎn)或優(yōu)劣的比較。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中如均含有比較級(jí)或表示比較的詞，則表示問題是關(guān)于人或事物之間的比較;如其中只有個(gè)別選項(xiàng)中含有比較級(jí)，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到人或事物之間的比較，問題內(nèi)容則不一定會(huì)涉及。
【例6】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.
[B]TV commercials are less expensive.
[C] Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.
[D] TV commercials attract more investments.【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由選項(xiàng)中的advertising on TV，advertising in newspapers以及比較級(jí)less expensive, attact more可知本題很可能涉及到電視廣告和報(bào)紙廣告之間優(yōu)劣的比較。故聽音時(shí)應(yīng)留意比較級(jí)或其他陳述二者優(yōu)劣特點(diǎn)的詞句。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?
W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore.
22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
六、選項(xiàng)均為名詞性短語
如選項(xiàng)均為概括性較強(qiáng)的名詞或是名詞性的短語，且各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容差異較大，問題則很可能是關(guān)于對(duì)話所談?wù)摰闹黝}或?qū)υ捴谐霈F(xiàn)的某一事件或問題的主題。
【例7】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A]The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
[B]The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.
[C]The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.
[D]The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
選項(xiàng)均為名詞短語，且概括性均較強(qiáng)，故本題很可能考查對(duì)話的主旨。由armed rebellion，the rebel forces，peace talks between the rebels and the government等詞以及多次出現(xiàn)的Karnak可推知本對(duì)話很可能與Karnak國(guó)反政府武裝叛亂有關(guān)。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan ...
M: This is Stan Fielding reporting live from the suburbs of the capital city. Just 20 minutes ago, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18- month conflict here in this country.
22.What is the news coverage mainly about?
七、與對(duì)話主題或其余選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不同的選項(xiàng)往往不是答案
如果某一選項(xiàng)明顯與對(duì)話主題不相關(guān)，那么該選項(xiàng)往往不是答案。
如果某一選項(xiàng)明顯與其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不同，即與該題主題明顯不相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)往往不是答案。
【例8】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
19. [A] He picked up some apples in his yard.
[B] He cut some branches off the apple tree.
[C] He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence.
[D] He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard.
20. [A] Trim the apple trees in her yard.
[B] Pick up the apples that fell in her yard.
[C] Take the garbage to the curb for her.
[D] Remove the branches from her yard.
21. [A] File a lawsuit against the man.
[B] Ask the man for compensation.
[C] Have the mans apple tree cut down.
[D] Throw garbage into the mans yard.
22. [A] He was ready to make a concession.
[B] He was not prepared to go to court.
[C] He was not intimidated.
[D] He was a bit concerned.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由各選項(xiàng)中的apple, tree, yard, branches, trim等詞可推知對(duì)話主題應(yīng)該與蘋果樹枝條和院子有關(guān)，再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的quarreled, lawsuit, compensation, concession, court等詞可推知對(duì)話還可能涉及到對(duì)話雙方的爭(zhēng)吵。
19題各選項(xiàng)中謂語動(dòng)詞的過去式形式表明本題應(yīng)該是考查男士過去的活動(dòng)。[A]、[B]、[C]均與蘋果樹和院子有關(guān)，只有[C]是關(guān)于fence，與其他三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容差別較大，且與其他各題選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容均不相關(guān)，故[C]為答案的可能性較小。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
W: Hello, Patrick, is that you?
M: Yeah, Jane, what can I do for you?
W: I was calling about the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday.
M: That was hard work!
【答案解析】
19. What did the man do yesterday?
【解析】選[B]。由女士話中的the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday可知男士昨天給蘋果樹剪枝了。trim意為修剪，修整。
八、包含其他選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)往往不是答案
有的選項(xiàng)明顯包含其他選項(xiàng)的含義，那么該選項(xiàng)往往不是答案。
【例9】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] She was impressed by it.
[B] It was a waste of money.
[C] She was amazed it had opened so soon.
[D] She didnt like it as much as the other wings.【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由選項(xiàng)中的impressed， a waste of money, amazed, like 等可推知本題是針對(duì)對(duì)某事物的看法設(shè)題的。選項(xiàng)[A]說it給她留下了深刻印象，選項(xiàng)[C]說她對(duì)it這么快就開張感到吃驚，其含義包含[A]的含義在內(nèi)，故[C]很可能不是答案。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
M: Hey, how was your trip?
W: Wonderful. I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing. I was amazed to hear the guide explain all the problems they had building it.
【答案解析】
34.What did the woman think of the new wing of the museum?
【解析】 選[A]。細(xì)節(jié)題。由對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的 amazed, unusual, impressive等可知女士對(duì)美術(shù)館新側(cè)廳的修建費(fèi)用以及修建過程中的種種問題大感吃驚，并且對(duì)里面的設(shè)計(jì)印象非常深刻，故答案為[A]。
九、明顯不符常理的選項(xiàng)往往不是答案
有的選項(xiàng)明顯不符合該對(duì)話情景下的常識(shí)或常理，那么該選項(xiàng)往往也不是答案。
【例10】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Accurate communication is of utmost importance.
[B] Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.
[C] Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.
[D] Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由選項(xiàng)中的should可推知，本題應(yīng)該是考查觀點(diǎn)或建議。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容表明問題應(yīng)該與確保安全飛行的因素有關(guān)。[B]是說飛行員應(yīng)該會(huì)說幾門外語，這不大合乎常理，因?yàn)轱w國(guó)內(nèi)行線的飛行員并不一定要會(huì)好幾門外語，故[B]為答案的可能性較小。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simple misunderstanding.
W: Wow, thats a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other.【答案解析】
25. What lesson could be drawn from the accident?
【解析】選[A]。對(duì)話的最后女士總結(jié)了這次事故的教訓(xùn)：how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other，答案是對(duì)此的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。utmost意為極大的。
十、意思相近的選項(xiàng)往往都不是答案
如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思明顯相近，那么這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往都不是答案。
【例11】
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] He was ready to make a concession.
[B] He was not prepared to go to court.
[C] He was not intimidated.
[D] He was a bit concerned.
【聽前預(yù)測(cè)】
由選項(xiàng)中的concession，go to court, intimidate， concerned等詞可推測(cè)問題應(yīng)該與男士對(duì)某事的反應(yīng)有關(guān)。[A]是說他準(zhǔn)備讓步，[B]是說他不準(zhǔn)備上法庭，二者都表示男士要妥協(xié)退讓的含義，故很可能都不是答案。
【聽音驗(yàn)證】
M: Get the branches off my property or Ill have to sue you.
M: Yeah? For what?!
W: Youll be hearing from me.
M: Yeah, yeah. See you in court, Jane.
