英語六級聽力破題指導之短文聽力與聽寫
例題分析：第一篇短文聽力
26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.
C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
D)Traveling by train may be as quick as，or even quicker than by air.
29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.
B)In 1989. D)In 2000.
In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2023. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, theyll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They wont go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.
26.What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
27.What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
28.Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
29.When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
Keys：DCDA
分析：
這是一篇標準的六級短文聽力，詞匯、主題、深度都要比四級高，但是破題方法卻如出一轍。
第26題：
本題是首題，所以當然對應原文的首句。除了視聽一致的使用外，原文中的high speed pan-European train network被選項替換成了express train network throughout Europe。這是同義替換原則的使用。Express在其他聽力題目中還有快遞的含義，請注意。
第28題：
本題目考察的是考生真正的聽力理解能力。原文：If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.這個長難句的意思就是說明：短途來講，火車更有優勢，更快。而選項考的就是這個分析能力。
第29題：
首先，請注意序數詞系列，諸如first、last、finally等，向來都是聽力考試中的關鍵詞匯。它們體現的是事實的順序，屬于一種強調的用法。全文的年代詞匯只有：1989、2023和1981，又由于這已經是最后一道題目了，所以綜合使用順序出題原則，當然對應最后出現的1981年。
六級聽寫能力概述：
聽寫，顧名思義，既聽又寫，它滲透在各種形式的語言活動中，是最常用到的基本功之一。聽寫測試要求考生把聽到的內容準確無誤地以筆頭的形式表達出來，雖無需考生自己遣詞造句，但由于牽涉到語言與非語言能力提高聽寫能力，關鍵就是加強各種相關知識和技能的訓練。
1. 語言知識方面：
首先，必須提高聽力水平，熟悉英、美國家人士的說話發音的不同方式，語音語調;其次對于大綱中所列單詞和短語，不僅要認知，而且會熟練拼寫;這一點相當重要，很多同學在正式考試當中聽出來了單詞并準確定位出來意思，但是由于拼寫不過關導致遺憾丟分。另外，即便拼寫正確，又因為單復數、時態和大小寫而丟分也很多見。
2. 非語言能力方面：
在做聽寫填空的時候，我們應當有意識的加強我們的記憶和速記能力。有時候，同學們會發現：聽的內容都懂了，但由于記憶的問題或時間的問題沒寫下來，這是因為短時記憶力不夠。因此在平時的訓練中，應當有意識地不是以單個的詞而是以意群為單位進行理解和記憶。第一遍先試圖聽明白注意意思，第二遍寫出重點單詞或者句子，第三遍完成整個練習。在短暫的停頓空間，如果時間來不及，可以選用自己熟悉的縮寫形式或符號記錄，等以后有時間時再復原。這種速記能力也要靠平時的多練，才能獲得。
六級聽寫的步驟：
1.通過卷面文字捕捉信息，找出線索、了解大意
復合式聽寫材料多為說明文，這一體裁的文章主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚、語言簡潔、邏輯性強。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句，之后的段、句進一步具體擴展、說明或論證主題句。仔細看題之后，經常能夠發現空缺處的詞匯能夠通過邏輯能力被猜出具體內容，至少也可以知道詞性。
2，聽寫結合，雙管齊下
根據復合式聽寫新題型通知說明，第一遍是全文朗讀，要求考生注意聽懂全文內容。由于聽音前考生已測覽了卷面文字，對聽力材料有了大致的了解，因此聽讀第一遍時，考生可以適當地填寫些單詞和做些筆記，聽為主，記為輔。第二遍時使出全力。最后一遍自習彌補。在寫句子時，不要慌張，可以在每一遍時把句子的不同部分寫出，采取各個擊破的策略。
3.提高記錄的效率
首先，可使用縮略語。例如usually在記錄時只寫usu。Country 記錄為ctr等。其次，重點把握名詞和動詞，修飾成分沒有寫出，一般扣分不多。
4.書面表達內容要點
要點盡可能用完整的簡單句表達，不宜用短語，句式也不宜過于復雜。盡量省去語句中可有可無的修飾成份。總而言之，考生應用有限的詞語簡潔明了地概括出所聽內容的全部要點，使內容要點和語言表達達到有機的完美統一。
5.檢查、核對內容要點
完成后，一定勿忘檢查：單復數、時態、大小寫以及標點符號。
例題分析：第一篇短文聽力
26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.
C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
D)Traveling by train may be as quick as，or even quicker than by air.
29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.
B)In 1989. D)In 2000.
In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2023. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, theyll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They wont go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.
26.What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
27.What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
28.Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
29.When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
Keys：DCDA
分析：
這是一篇標準的六級短文聽力，詞匯、主題、深度都要比四級高，但是破題方法卻如出一轍。
第26題：
本題是首題，所以當然對應原文的首句。除了視聽一致的使用外，原文中的high speed pan-European train network被選項替換成了express train network throughout Europe。這是同義替換原則的使用。Express在其他聽力題目中還有快遞的含義，請注意。
第28題：
本題目考察的是考生真正的聽力理解能力。原文：If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.這個長難句的意思就是說明：短途來講，火車更有優勢，更快。而選項考的就是這個分析能力。
第29題：
首先，請注意序數詞系列，諸如first、last、finally等，向來都是聽力考試中的關鍵詞匯。它們體現的是事實的順序，屬于一種強調的用法。全文的年代詞匯只有：1989、2023和1981，又由于這已經是最后一道題目了，所以綜合使用順序出題原則，當然對應最后出現的1981年。
六級聽寫能力概述：
聽寫，顧名思義，既聽又寫，它滲透在各種形式的語言活動中，是最常用到的基本功之一。聽寫測試要求考生把聽到的內容準確無誤地以筆頭的形式表達出來，雖無需考生自己遣詞造句，但由于牽涉到語言與非語言能力提高聽寫能力，關鍵就是加強各種相關知識和技能的訓練。
1. 語言知識方面：
首先，必須提高聽力水平，熟悉英、美國家人士的說話發音的不同方式，語音語調;其次對于大綱中所列單詞和短語，不僅要認知，而且會熟練拼寫;這一點相當重要，很多同學在正式考試當中聽出來了單詞并準確定位出來意思，但是由于拼寫不過關導致遺憾丟分。另外，即便拼寫正確，又因為單復數、時態和大小寫而丟分也很多見。
2. 非語言能力方面：
在做聽寫填空的時候，我們應當有意識的加強我們的記憶和速記能力。有時候，同學們會發現：聽的內容都懂了，但由于記憶的問題或時間的問題沒寫下來，這是因為短時記憶力不夠。因此在平時的訓練中，應當有意識地不是以單個的詞而是以意群為單位進行理解和記憶。第一遍先試圖聽明白注意意思，第二遍寫出重點單詞或者句子，第三遍完成整個練習。在短暫的停頓空間，如果時間來不及，可以選用自己熟悉的縮寫形式或符號記錄，等以后有時間時再復原。這種速記能力也要靠平時的多練，才能獲得。
六級聽寫的步驟：
1.通過卷面文字捕捉信息，找出線索、了解大意
復合式聽寫材料多為說明文，這一體裁的文章主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚、語言簡潔、邏輯性強。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句，之后的段、句進一步具體擴展、說明或論證主題句。仔細看題之后，經常能夠發現空缺處的詞匯能夠通過邏輯能力被猜出具體內容，至少也可以知道詞性。
2，聽寫結合，雙管齊下
根據復合式聽寫新題型通知說明，第一遍是全文朗讀，要求考生注意聽懂全文內容。由于聽音前考生已測覽了卷面文字，對聽力材料有了大致的了解，因此聽讀第一遍時，考生可以適當地填寫些單詞和做些筆記，聽為主，記為輔。第二遍時使出全力。最后一遍自習彌補。在寫句子時，不要慌張，可以在每一遍時把句子的不同部分寫出，采取各個擊破的策略。
3.提高記錄的效率
首先，可使用縮略語。例如usually在記錄時只寫usu。Country 記錄為ctr等。其次，重點把握名詞和動詞，修飾成分沒有寫出，一般扣分不多。
4.書面表達內容要點
要點盡可能用完整的簡單句表達，不宜用短語，句式也不宜過于復雜。盡量省去語句中可有可無的修飾成份。總而言之，考生應用有限的詞語簡潔明了地概括出所聽內容的全部要點，使內容要點和語言表達達到有機的完美統一。
5.檢查、核對內容要點
完成后，一定勿忘檢查：單復數、時態、大小寫以及標點符號。
