初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析（三）
-【名師講解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 單獨使用時表示思考， 接that 賓語從句時意為認為，覺得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
當賓語從句含有否定概念時，通常形式上否定think ，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一個名詞，動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導的不定式或賓語從句，意思是考慮。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示認為， 一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容詞都表示大，但側重點及程度不同。
(1) big指具體事物的大小，強調比正常形體的標準大，既可用在普通場合，也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或長大了，還可表示偉大，重要之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特別強調遠遠超過標準的大，指體積、面積、容積、數量之大。如：
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示數量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性， 優越性；常用于抽象
或無形的東西；用于有形的東西時，常帶有偉大，大得令人吃驚等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花錢，花費，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主動語句中主語是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主語是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格高，而cheap 與low涉及到價格低。
(1) expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個單詞若談到價格高，貨貴時，其主語不能是價格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。
注意：cheap表示價廉，便宜的，其主語也不能是價格，必須是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示價格時，含義是高，low在表示價格時，含義是低，這兩個詞不能用于物品本身，只能用在價格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。
下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照：
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區別：
(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是孤單的；寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。
(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是單獨；獨自，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后講，切不要按字面譯為長時間以前或好久以前。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久，故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是連詞，意思是當的時候，一面一面，（強調同時，一般連續時間不長），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正當我們談論泰坦尼克號這部電影時，教師進來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。
(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when當的時候（一般表示動作緊接著發生）；那時（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了。
(3)while是當時候；和同時（強調同時發生，一般連續時間較長）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是動詞，意思是連續地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是擊敗對手。如：
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是贏得某個項目，后面常接match, game。如：
He won a game. 他勝一局。
We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
(3)hit意思是擊中（有時可表示打一下）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing側重表示持續不停地做某事或持續某種狀態。如：
The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續睡了大約四個小時。
(2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事，不表示靜止狀態。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
這三個詞都可作系動詞用，表示狀態的變化，后跟表語，但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調情感、氣候和環境的變化；turn強調色彩的變化；而become則強調職務、職稱等的變化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越來越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出問題，臉紅了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當的老師？十年前。
11. steal / rob
從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英語中，see，look，watch，notice都有看的意思，要注意他們的區別。
see意為看到，表示視覺器官有意識或無意識地看到物體，強調看到的結果。
look意為看，表示有意識地觀看，強調看的動作。
watch意為觀看，注視，指以較大的注意力觀看。
notice意為看到，注意到，指有意識的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如：
What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么？
Look! How happily they are playing！看！他們玩得多高興啊！
Hes watched TV for over two hours．他看了兩個多小時的電視。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有個錢包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物動詞，意思是射中，射死，賓語多為人或動物等。而shoot at是一個動詞詞組，意為向射擊，至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如：
The man shot five birds in the forest．那個人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。
The hunter shot at the bear．獵人朝熊射擊了。
They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't shoot her．他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作逃跑、逃脫或逃避講時，往往會有成功之意。如：
The old man escaped death．那個老人死里逃生。
The thief escaped from prison．那個小偷越獄了。
(2)run away作逃跑、跑走講時，往往強調動作。如：
Don't let him run away． 別讓他跑了。
口語中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....為了，以便 。引導一個目的狀語從句，從句中往往有情態動詞。也可引導一個結果狀語從句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引導一個結果狀語從句，也可引導一個目的狀語從句。
如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
-【名師講解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 單獨使用時表示思考， 接that 賓語從句時意為認為，覺得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
當賓語從句含有否定概念時，通常形式上否定think ，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一個名詞，動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導的不定式或賓語從句，意思是考慮。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示認為， 一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容詞都表示大，但側重點及程度不同。
(1) big指具體事物的大小，強調比正常形體的標準大，既可用在普通場合，也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或長大了，還可表示偉大，重要之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特別強調遠遠超過標準的大，指體積、面積、容積、數量之大。如：
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示數量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性， 優越性；常用于抽象
或無形的東西；用于有形的東西時，常帶有偉大，大得令人吃驚等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花錢，花費，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主動語句中主語是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主語是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格高，而cheap 與low涉及到價格低。
(1) expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個單詞若談到價格高，貨貴時，其主語不能是價格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。
注意：cheap表示價廉，便宜的，其主語也不能是價格，必須是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示價格時，含義是高，low在表示價格時，含義是低，這兩個詞不能用于物品本身，只能用在價格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。
下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照：
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區別：
(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是孤單的；寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。
(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是單獨；獨自，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后講，切不要按字面譯為長時間以前或好久以前。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久，故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是連詞，意思是當的時候，一面一面，（強調同時，一般連續時間不長），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正當我們談論泰坦尼克號這部電影時，教師進來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。
(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when當的時候（一般表示動作緊接著發生）；那時（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了。
(3)while是當時候；和同時（強調同時發生，一般連續時間較長）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是動詞，意思是連續地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是擊敗對手。如：
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是贏得某個項目，后面常接match, game。如：
He won a game. 他勝一局。
We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
(3)hit意思是擊中（有時可表示打一下）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing側重表示持續不停地做某事或持續某種狀態。如：
The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續睡了大約四個小時。
(2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事，不表示靜止狀態。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
這三個詞都可作系動詞用，表示狀態的變化，后跟表語，但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調情感、氣候和環境的變化；turn強調色彩的變化；而become則強調職務、職稱等的變化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越來越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出問題，臉紅了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當的老師？十年前。
11. steal / rob
從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英語中，see，look，watch，notice都有看的意思，要注意他們的區別。
see意為看到，表示視覺器官有意識或無意識地看到物體，強調看到的結果。
look意為看，表示有意識地觀看，強調看的動作。
watch意為觀看，注視，指以較大的注意力觀看。
notice意為看到，注意到，指有意識的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如：
What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么？
Look! How happily they are playing！看！他們玩得多高興啊！
Hes watched TV for over two hours．他看了兩個多小時的電視。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有個錢包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物動詞，意思是射中，射死，賓語多為人或動物等。而shoot at是一個動詞詞組，意為向射擊，至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如：
The man shot five birds in the forest．那個人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。
The hunter shot at the bear．獵人朝熊射擊了。
They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't shoot her．他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作逃跑、逃脫或逃避講時，往往會有成功之意。如：
The old man escaped death．那個老人死里逃生。
The thief escaped from prison．那個小偷越獄了。
(2)run away作逃跑、跑走講時，往往強調動作。如：
Don't let him run away． 別讓他跑了。
口語中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....為了，以便 。引導一個目的狀語從句，從句中往往有情態動詞。也可引導一個結果狀語從句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引導一個結果狀語從句，也可引導一個目的狀語從句。
如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
