初三英語專題講解:詞匯辨析(二)
1. seem/ look
(1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據,意思是似乎、好象、看起來。
The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。
seem能與to do結構連用,而look不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經完成了工作。
在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now.他現在看起來很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。
(2) look用作看起來;好像時,常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷,是以視覺所接受的印象為依據的。
The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。
The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。
2. such/ so
Dont be such a fool.別這么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個男孩。
(2) so是副詞,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。
He is so kind! 他真好心!
Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚?
當名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時,應該用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩這么一點兒時間!
3. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作也時是副詞,常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, Im not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。
My sister doesnt like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾,表示也。
He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級嗎?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句,但一般位于句中。
We are also students.我們也是學生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎?
4. if/ whether
在下列情況下只能用whether而非if:
(1)與or not連用時,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我們想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
請告訴我們你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接動詞不定式時,只能用whether.
Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亞當不知道是走還是留。
He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進晚餐。
(3)所引導的賓語從句放在主句之前時,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we dont mind. 我們不在乎將要刮風還是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didnt want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。
(4)引導主語從句或表語從句時,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會和我一起去還是個秘密。
if能引導條件狀語從句,表示如果,假如,而whether沒有此用法。
Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們要進行足球賽。
Ill tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。
If youre in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險,請撥打110。
5. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物來做主語,表示(某物)值、花費,既能指花費時間也能指金錢。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會花費你整整一周時間。
cost 還可以用作名詞,表示成本、費用、價格、代價等。
Whats the cost of this TV set? 這臺電視機的成本是多少錢?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人來作主語,表示(某人)花費,付出,也能指時間或金錢,指時間時常與in搭配,指金錢時常與on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時間修理這臺機器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。
(3) pay用作動詞時,一般也以某人作主語,但一般指花錢、付款等,很少用來指花費時間。常與for搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學費。
pay還可以用作名詞,意思為薪水、工資等。
Its hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指花費(時間、金錢),但通常用某事、某物做主語,或用形式主語it.
How long will the meeting take? 會議要開多久?
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了幾個小時才到那兒。
6. bad/ badly
這兩個詞的意思含有壞、糟、嚴重等意思,且它們有共同的比較級worse和最高級worst 。
(1) bad是一個形容詞,意思是壞的,糟糕的,差的,嚴重的。
I dont think he is a bad person.我并不認為他是一個壞人。
I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。
(2)badly是一個副詞,意思是不好地,差,也可以表示程度,意為嚴重地,非常,極度。
We need help badly.我們急需幫助。
His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴重受傷了。
7. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指對產生興趣的,對感興趣的,一般用人做主語,后常用介詞in.
He was interested in biology before.他以前對生物感興趣。
Im not interested in art.我對藝術不感興趣。
(2)interesting的意思是有趣的,指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。
He is an interesting old man.他是個有趣的老頭。
The interesting story attracted me. 這個有趣的故事吸引了我。
8. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容詞,意思為死了的、無生命的,表示狀態,可以與一段時間連用。
The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。
The rabbits are all dead. 這些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是動詞,意思為死、死亡,是一個瞬間動詞,不能與一段時間連用。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。
(3) death是名詞,意思為死亡、去世等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.
他死后一年,紀念館建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。
(4) dying 是die的現在分詞,用作形容詞,意思是垂死的、即將死去的。
The doctors have saved the dying man.醫生們救活了那個垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了。
1. seem/ look
(1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據,意思是似乎、好象、看起來。
The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。
seem能與to do結構連用,而look不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經完成了工作。
在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now.他現在看起來很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。
(2) look用作看起來;好像時,常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷,是以視覺所接受的印象為依據的。
The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。
The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。
2. such/ so
Dont be such a fool.別這么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個男孩。
(2) so是副詞,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。
He is so kind! 他真好心!
Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚?
當名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時,應該用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩這么一點兒時間!
3. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作也時是副詞,常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, Im not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。
My sister doesnt like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾,表示也。
He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級嗎?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句,但一般位于句中。
We are also students.我們也是學生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎?
4. if/ whether
在下列情況下只能用whether而非if:
(1)與or not連用時,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我們想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
請告訴我們你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接動詞不定式時,只能用whether.
Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亞當不知道是走還是留。
He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進晚餐。
(3)所引導的賓語從句放在主句之前時,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we dont mind. 我們不在乎將要刮風還是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didnt want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。
(4)引導主語從句或表語從句時,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會和我一起去還是個秘密。
if能引導條件狀語從句,表示如果,假如,而whether沒有此用法。
Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們要進行足球賽。
Ill tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。
If youre in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險,請撥打110。
5. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物來做主語,表示(某物)值、花費,既能指花費時間也能指金錢。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會花費你整整一周時間。
cost 還可以用作名詞,表示成本、費用、價格、代價等。
Whats the cost of this TV set? 這臺電視機的成本是多少錢?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人來作主語,表示(某人)花費,付出,也能指時間或金錢,指時間時常與in搭配,指金錢時常與on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時間修理這臺機器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。
(3) pay用作動詞時,一般也以某人作主語,但一般指花錢、付款等,很少用來指花費時間。常與for搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學費。
pay還可以用作名詞,意思為薪水、工資等。
Its hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指花費(時間、金錢),但通常用某事、某物做主語,或用形式主語it.
How long will the meeting take? 會議要開多久?
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了幾個小時才到那兒。
6. bad/ badly
這兩個詞的意思含有壞、糟、嚴重等意思,且它們有共同的比較級worse和最高級worst 。
(1) bad是一個形容詞,意思是壞的,糟糕的,差的,嚴重的。
I dont think he is a bad person.我并不認為他是一個壞人。
I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。
(2)badly是一個副詞,意思是不好地,差,也可以表示程度,意為嚴重地,非常,極度。
We need help badly.我們急需幫助。
His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴重受傷了。
7. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指對產生興趣的,對感興趣的,一般用人做主語,后常用介詞in.
He was interested in biology before.他以前對生物感興趣。
Im not interested in art.我對藝術不感興趣。
(2)interesting的意思是有趣的,指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。
He is an interesting old man.他是個有趣的老頭。
The interesting story attracted me. 這個有趣的故事吸引了我。
8. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容詞,意思為死了的、無生命的,表示狀態,可以與一段時間連用。
The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。
The rabbits are all dead. 這些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是動詞,意思為死、死亡,是一個瞬間動詞,不能與一段時間連用。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。
(3) death是名詞,意思為死亡、去世等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.
他死后一年,紀念館建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。
(4) dying 是die的現在分詞,用作形容詞,意思是垂死的、即將死去的。
The doctors have saved the dying man.醫生們救活了那個垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了。