GRE托福作文素材：納爾遜·曼德拉的事跡極其深遠影響
2023年末南非前總統納爾遜曼德拉的去世讓世人沉浸在哀痛之中。作為反種族歧視的運動代表、杰出的政治家，曼德拉用一生的時間向世人證明了他對他的祖國和理想的忠貞。在他的帶領下，南非和平迎來多種族民主議會制，改革后的新南非正展翅欲飛。這樣一位卓越的政治領導人給我們在政治、精神和人生上有著許多啟示。GRE和托福的作文考試中有許多關于政治領導人的話題，曼德拉的事跡可以為許多這樣的話題做出有力的論證。本文從美國總統奧巴馬為曼德拉的致辭中摘取了佳詞佳句，為大家在作文中的措辭提供參考，并且將和曼德拉事跡有關的GRE作文題目也舉例列出，相信曼德拉的事跡可以為更多的GRE、托福提供素材，這就需要大家的brainstorming啦!
2023年12月5日，南非總統祖爾向世界宣布了一個無比沉痛的消息，南非前總統，畢生致力于消除種族歧視的偉大先驅納爾遜曼德拉于凌晨去世。雖然曼德拉此前已多次入院治療，但是他去世的消息仍然令南非和世界各地的人民感到意外和震驚。納爾遜曼德拉的逝去是人類歷史上的一個巨大損失，但他所留下的精神財富會永遠鼓勵人們為他的理想而奮斗。
曼德拉生平
納爾遜羅利赫拉赫拉曼德拉1918年7月18日出生于南非的一個部落里。先后獲南非大學文學士和威特沃特斯蘭德大學律師資格。曾任非國大青年聯盟全國書記、主席。于1994年至1999年間任南非總統，是首位黑人總統，被尊稱為南非國父。
當曼德拉9歲的時候，他父親死于肺結核。因為父親的地位，他被指定為王朝的繼任者。1944年參加主張非暴力斗爭的南非非洲人國民大會。1961年，他領導罷工運動，抗議和抵制白人種族主義者成立的南非共和國此后轉入地下武裝斗爭。曼德拉創建了非國大軍事組織：民族之矛并任總司令。1962年8月，曼德拉被南非種族隔離政權逮捕入獄，當時政府以煽動罪和非法越境罪判處曼德拉5年監禁，自此，曼德拉開始了他長達27年的監獄生涯。1964年6月，南非政府以企圖以暴力推翻政府罪判處正在服刑的曼德拉終生監禁，當年他被轉移到羅本島上。1990年2月11日，在監獄中度過了27年的曼德拉終于重獲自由。1993年，諾貝爾和平獎被授予為曼德拉和宣布他無罪釋放的前南非總統德克勒克曼德拉，以鼓勵他們為南非和平民主過渡做出努力。1994年曼德拉在南非首次的多種族大選中獲勝，成為南非歷史上首位黑人總統。1997年12月，曼德拉辭去非國大主席一職，并表示不再參加1999年6月的總統競選。曼德拉在推動多元族群民主的過渡期挺身領導南非。自種族隔離制度終結以來，曼德拉受到了來自各界的贊許，包括從前的反對者。
作文延展
曼德拉是一位不朽的偉人，他的一生充滿了讓世人沉思的時刻，他為消除種族隔離所做出的努力和犧牲激勵了很多人為改變現狀而行動起來。在GRE托福雅思作文中，有不少題目與leadership或者是個人面對的選擇相關，曼德拉的一生向世人證明了一個人為夢想可以付出的，一位領袖應該是怎樣的。編者從中外媒體的報道中摘取了適合同學們學習佳詞佳句的段落。應當注意的是，我們需僅僅從中學習詞語和句子結構，文本雷同在托福和GRE作文考試中是一大禁忌。
奧巴馬對于納爾遜曼德拉充滿欽佩之情，他稱曼德拉為時代的巨人，也曾說我是千千萬萬從納爾遜曼德拉的一生匯總得到啟示的人之一。跟其他人一樣，我無法想象如果沒有曼德拉作為榜樣我的一生會怎樣
讓我們來通過奧巴馬對納爾遜曼德拉的回憶，了解曼德拉對世人的影響：
To so many of us, he was more than just a man he was a symbol of the struggle for justice, equality, and dignity in South Africa and around the globe. His sacrifice was so great that it called upon people everywhere to do what they could on behalf of human progress.
對于我們很多人來說，他不僅是一個人，更是南非及世界尋求正義、平等和尊嚴的化身。他的犧牲號召了世界各地的人們行動起來推動人類進程。
A prisoner became a free man; a liberation figure became a passionate voice for reconciliation; a party leader became a president who advanced democracy and development. Out of formal office, Mandela continued to work for equality, opportunity and human dignity. He has done so much to change his country, and the world, that it is hard to imagine the history of the last several decades without him.
一個囚犯變成一個自由的人;一個被解放的人變成了一個積極尋求和解的人物;一個黨派領袖成為了推動民主和發展的國家總統。在政治生涯之外，曼德拉繼續為平等、機遇和人類尊嚴而奮斗。他所做的一切改變了他的國家，改變了世界，我難以想象最近幾十年的歷史如果沒有他會變成怎樣。
The story told by Mandelas life is not one of infallible human beings and inevitable triumph. It is the story of a man who was willing to risk his own life for what he believed in, and who worked hard to lead the kind of life that would make the world a better place.
曼德拉的一生并不是完美無瑕或者是水到渠成的。他冒著生命危險追求信仰，并且為讓世界變得更加美好而奮斗了終生。
In the end, that is Mandelas message to each of us. All of us face days when it can seem like change is hard days when our opposition and our own imperfections may tempt us to take an easier path that avoids our responsibilities to one another. Mandela faced those days as well. But even when little sunlight shined into that Robben Island cell, he could see a better future one worthy of sacrifice. Even when faced with the temptation to seek revenge, he saw the need for reconciliation, and the triumph of principle over mere power. Even when he had earned his rest, he still sought to inspire his fellow men and women to service.
最后，曼德拉給我們的啟示是。我們所有的人都在面對著改變的艱難，面對著我們的對手和我們自己的缺陷誘使我們推卸自己的責任。曼德拉也有過這樣的考驗。但是只要有一絲陽光射入羅恩島的監獄中，他就能夠看到一個更好的明天一個值得犧牲的明天。即使當他面對復仇的誘惑，他仍然能看到和解的需要，看到原則戰勝權力的勝利。即使在他可以頤享天年的時候，他仍然孜孜不倦地引導他的人民貢獻出自己的力量。
【GRE作文話題連接】
1. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.
2. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
3. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
4. The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.
資料：從1990年曼德拉從監獄中獲釋，到在南非第一次多種族民主大選中獲選總統，以及曼德拉當選總統期間，國內民眾以及不同黨派的呼求莫衷一是。他所代表的非國大與國內另一黨派有著幾十年的新仇舊恨，但是面對國內黑人種族和黨內要求報復的聲音，曼德拉選擇了以自己從牢獄生涯中領悟到的寬容和和解來對待對手黨，并且成功地與前南非白人總統德克勒克化干戈為玉帛一起攜手民主過渡時期為南非避免了一場內戰。這是一個政治家堅持自己的原則和信仰，不與其他不同意見折衷自己的理想并最終為自己的祖國贏得了寶貴的和平的事例，同時也證明了在政治上的合作對一國的命運有決定性的作用。
編者從12月10日奧巴馬在曼德拉葬禮上的悼念詞中摘錄了一些感人的片段：
Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement -- a movement that at its start had little prospect for success. Like Dr. King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice. He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War. Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would -- like Abraham Lincoln -- hold his country together when it threatened to break apart. And like Americas Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations -- a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.
像甘地一樣，他領導了一場抵抗運動一場在開始時期希望渺茫的運動。像馬丁路德金一樣，他為被壓迫者吶喊，為種族正義訴求。他經歷了嚴酷的監押，從肯尼迪和赫魯曉夫時期，一直到冷戰的最后一刻。從監獄中崛起，無需武力，像林肯一樣，曼德拉將他的國家在瀕臨潰散之際團結到了一起。像美國的建國之父一樣，他起草的憲章將自由的權利延續到了下一代。他對民主和法律的投入不僅體現在他的當選，也體現在他僅任總統一屆后自愿從權利高位上退下。
【GRE作文話題連接】
1.Claim: In any fieldbusiness, politics, education, governmentthose in power should step down after five years.
Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
2. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
資料：曼德拉在當選一任總統后毅然卸任，表示不會參加下任總統的選舉。他還總是對公眾宣傳下一任總統姆貝基，稱他比我這老頭子強。
Mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas; the importance of reason and arguments; the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you dont agree with. He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a snipers bullet. He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate. He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement. And he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his.
曼德拉教會我們行動的力量，同時他也教會我們思想的力量、理智和論點的重要性、不僅是向和你意見一致的人學習，還有向和你意見不同的人學習的必要性。他明白監獄無法束縛住思想，狙擊手的槍子無法槍斃思想。他在監獄里用數十載的時間磨練他的辯論，同時向其他同胞傳播對知識的渴求。他學習壓迫者的語言和文化，以便于將來一天他能更好地向壓迫者們傳達為何他們的自由是以他的自由為基礎的。
【GRE作文話題連接】Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.
Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal. And because he was not only a leader of a movement but a skillful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy, true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.
但是當他進行艱難的權力過渡協商和起草新法令時，他并沒有懼怕為更宏大的目標做出忍讓。因為他不僅是一個運動領袖，更是一名杰出的政治家，新起草的憲章遵循了多種族民主和他對法律的看法，即法律既要保護少數人民的權力，也要保護多數人民的權力，以及每個南非人民的珍貴的自由。
And finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit. There is a word in South Africa -- Ubuntu -- a word that captures Mandelas greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.
最后，曼德拉理解連接人類精神的樞紐。南非有一個詞最能描繪出曼德拉的天賦Ubuntu，意思是他能認識到我們所有人以肉眼看不到的方式關聯在一起的能力，能認識到人性的統一，能認識到我們通過和他人分享和互相關愛成就我們自己。
For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe, Madibas passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life. But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection. With honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: How well have I applied his lessons in my own life?
對于南非人民來說，對于全球各地受曼德拉啟發的人們來說，他的逝去讓我們哀悼，讓我們銘記他英勇的一生。但是我相信他的逝去更會督促我們每一個人進行自省。不論我們的地位和境況，我們誠實地問自己：我怎樣將從曼德拉身上所學到的運用到我自己的生活中?
The questions we face today -- how to promote equality and justice; how to uphold freedom and human rights; how to end conflict and sectarian war -- these things do not have easy answers. But there were no easy answers in front of that child born in World War I. Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done. South Africa shows that is true. South Africa shows we can change, that we can choose a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes. We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.
今天我們面對的問題如何促進平等和正義;如何才能促進自由和人權;如何結束摩擦和宗派斗爭。這些問題并沒有簡單的答案。但是在那個一戰中出生的孩子面前也沒有簡單的答案。納爾遜曼德拉提醒我們一場事業在沒有完成之前總是看起來不可能的。南非的進程說明了這一點。南非證明了我們可以改變世界，這個世界里我們的不同不再重要，重要的是我們分享同一個希望;這個世界里不再充滿摩擦，而是充滿和平、正義和機遇。
when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.
當夜色彌漫，當不公重壓在我們心頭，當我們的計劃被全盤打亂，讓我們想起曼德拉和那些曾經給他在監牢四壁中帶來安撫的話：大門多么緊閉并不重要，刑罰多么嚴苛也不重要，重要的是我是我命運的主宰，我是我靈魂的主人。
2023年末南非前總統納爾遜曼德拉的去世讓世人沉浸在哀痛之中。作為反種族歧視的運動代表、杰出的政治家，曼德拉用一生的時間向世人證明了他對他的祖國和理想的忠貞。在他的帶領下，南非和平迎來多種族民主議會制，改革后的新南非正展翅欲飛。這樣一位卓越的政治領導人給我們在政治、精神和人生上有著許多啟示。GRE和托福的作文考試中有許多關于政治領導人的話題，曼德拉的事跡可以為許多這樣的話題做出有力的論證。本文從美國總統奧巴馬為曼德拉的致辭中摘取了佳詞佳句，為大家在作文中的措辭提供參考，并且將和曼德拉事跡有關的GRE作文題目也舉例列出，相信曼德拉的事跡可以為更多的GRE、托福提供素材，這就需要大家的brainstorming啦!
2023年12月5日，南非總統祖爾向世界宣布了一個無比沉痛的消息，南非前總統，畢生致力于消除種族歧視的偉大先驅納爾遜曼德拉于凌晨去世。雖然曼德拉此前已多次入院治療，但是他去世的消息仍然令南非和世界各地的人民感到意外和震驚。納爾遜曼德拉的逝去是人類歷史上的一個巨大損失，但他所留下的精神財富會永遠鼓勵人們為他的理想而奮斗。
曼德拉生平
納爾遜羅利赫拉赫拉曼德拉1918年7月18日出生于南非的一個部落里。先后獲南非大學文學士和威特沃特斯蘭德大學律師資格。曾任非國大青年聯盟全國書記、主席。于1994年至1999年間任南非總統，是首位黑人總統，被尊稱為南非國父。
當曼德拉9歲的時候，他父親死于肺結核。因為父親的地位，他被指定為王朝的繼任者。1944年參加主張非暴力斗爭的南非非洲人國民大會。1961年，他領導罷工運動，抗議和抵制白人種族主義者成立的南非共和國此后轉入地下武裝斗爭。曼德拉創建了非國大軍事組織：民族之矛并任總司令。1962年8月，曼德拉被南非種族隔離政權逮捕入獄，當時政府以煽動罪和非法越境罪判處曼德拉5年監禁，自此，曼德拉開始了他長達27年的監獄生涯。1964年6月，南非政府以企圖以暴力推翻政府罪判處正在服刑的曼德拉終生監禁，當年他被轉移到羅本島上。1990年2月11日，在監獄中度過了27年的曼德拉終于重獲自由。1993年，諾貝爾和平獎被授予為曼德拉和宣布他無罪釋放的前南非總統德克勒克曼德拉，以鼓勵他們為南非和平民主過渡做出努力。1994年曼德拉在南非首次的多種族大選中獲勝，成為南非歷史上首位黑人總統。1997年12月，曼德拉辭去非國大主席一職，并表示不再參加1999年6月的總統競選。曼德拉在推動多元族群民主的過渡期挺身領導南非。自種族隔離制度終結以來，曼德拉受到了來自各界的贊許，包括從前的反對者。
作文延展
曼德拉是一位不朽的偉人，他的一生充滿了讓世人沉思的時刻，他為消除種族隔離所做出的努力和犧牲激勵了很多人為改變現狀而行動起來。在GRE托福雅思作文中，有不少題目與leadership或者是個人面對的選擇相關，曼德拉的一生向世人證明了一個人為夢想可以付出的，一位領袖應該是怎樣的。編者從中外媒體的報道中摘取了適合同學們學習佳詞佳句的段落。應當注意的是，我們需僅僅從中學習詞語和句子結構，文本雷同在托福和GRE作文考試中是一大禁忌。
奧巴馬對于納爾遜曼德拉充滿欽佩之情，他稱曼德拉為時代的巨人，也曾說我是千千萬萬從納爾遜曼德拉的一生匯總得到啟示的人之一。跟其他人一樣，我無法想象如果沒有曼德拉作為榜樣我的一生會怎樣
讓我們來通過奧巴馬對納爾遜曼德拉的回憶，了解曼德拉對世人的影響：
To so many of us, he was more than just a man he was a symbol of the struggle for justice, equality, and dignity in South Africa and around the globe. His sacrifice was so great that it called upon people everywhere to do what they could on behalf of human progress.
對于我們很多人來說，他不僅是一個人，更是南非及世界尋求正義、平等和尊嚴的化身。他的犧牲號召了世界各地的人們行動起來推動人類進程。
A prisoner became a free man; a liberation figure became a passionate voice for reconciliation; a party leader became a president who advanced democracy and development. Out of formal office, Mandela continued to work for equality, opportunity and human dignity. He has done so much to change his country, and the world, that it is hard to imagine the history of the last several decades without him.
一個囚犯變成一個自由的人;一個被解放的人變成了一個積極尋求和解的人物;一個黨派領袖成為了推動民主和發展的國家總統。在政治生涯之外，曼德拉繼續為平等、機遇和人類尊嚴而奮斗。他所做的一切改變了他的國家，改變了世界，我難以想象最近幾十年的歷史如果沒有他會變成怎樣。
The story told by Mandelas life is not one of infallible human beings and inevitable triumph. It is the story of a man who was willing to risk his own life for what he believed in, and who worked hard to lead the kind of life that would make the world a better place.
曼德拉的一生并不是完美無瑕或者是水到渠成的。他冒著生命危險追求信仰，并且為讓世界變得更加美好而奮斗了終生。
In the end, that is Mandelas message to each of us. All of us face days when it can seem like change is hard days when our opposition and our own imperfections may tempt us to take an easier path that avoids our responsibilities to one another. Mandela faced those days as well. But even when little sunlight shined into that Robben Island cell, he could see a better future one worthy of sacrifice. Even when faced with the temptation to seek revenge, he saw the need for reconciliation, and the triumph of principle over mere power. Even when he had earned his rest, he still sought to inspire his fellow men and women to service.
最后，曼德拉給我們的啟示是。我們所有的人都在面對著改變的艱難，面對著我們的對手和我們自己的缺陷誘使我們推卸自己的責任。曼德拉也有過這樣的考驗。但是只要有一絲陽光射入羅恩島的監獄中，他就能夠看到一個更好的明天一個值得犧牲的明天。即使當他面對復仇的誘惑，他仍然能看到和解的需要，看到原則戰勝權力的勝利。即使在他可以頤享天年的時候，他仍然孜孜不倦地引導他的人民貢獻出自己的力量。
【GRE作文話題連接】
1. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.
2. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
3. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
4. The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.
資料：從1990年曼德拉從監獄中獲釋，到在南非第一次多種族民主大選中獲選總統，以及曼德拉當選總統期間，國內民眾以及不同黨派的呼求莫衷一是。他所代表的非國大與國內另一黨派有著幾十年的新仇舊恨，但是面對國內黑人種族和黨內要求報復的聲音，曼德拉選擇了以自己從牢獄生涯中領悟到的寬容和和解來對待對手黨，并且成功地與前南非白人總統德克勒克化干戈為玉帛一起攜手民主過渡時期為南非避免了一場內戰。這是一個政治家堅持自己的原則和信仰，不與其他不同意見折衷自己的理想并最終為自己的祖國贏得了寶貴的和平的事例，同時也證明了在政治上的合作對一國的命運有決定性的作用。
編者從12月10日奧巴馬在曼德拉葬禮上的悼念詞中摘錄了一些感人的片段：
Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement -- a movement that at its start had little prospect for success. Like Dr. King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice. He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War. Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would -- like Abraham Lincoln -- hold his country together when it threatened to break apart. And like Americas Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations -- a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.
像甘地一樣，他領導了一場抵抗運動一場在開始時期希望渺茫的運動。像馬丁路德金一樣，他為被壓迫者吶喊，為種族正義訴求。他經歷了嚴酷的監押，從肯尼迪和赫魯曉夫時期，一直到冷戰的最后一刻。從監獄中崛起，無需武力，像林肯一樣，曼德拉將他的國家在瀕臨潰散之際團結到了一起。像美國的建國之父一樣，他起草的憲章將自由的權利延續到了下一代。他對民主和法律的投入不僅體現在他的當選，也體現在他僅任總統一屆后自愿從權利高位上退下。
【GRE作文話題連接】
1.Claim: In any fieldbusiness, politics, education, governmentthose in power should step down after five years.
Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
2. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
資料：曼德拉在當選一任總統后毅然卸任，表示不會參加下任總統的選舉。他還總是對公眾宣傳下一任總統姆貝基，稱他比我這老頭子強。
Mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas; the importance of reason and arguments; the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you dont agree with. He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a snipers bullet. He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate. He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement. And he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his.
曼德拉教會我們行動的力量，同時他也教會我們思想的力量、理智和論點的重要性、不僅是向和你意見一致的人學習，還有向和你意見不同的人學習的必要性。他明白監獄無法束縛住思想，狙擊手的槍子無法槍斃思想。他在監獄里用數十載的時間磨練他的辯論，同時向其他同胞傳播對知識的渴求。他學習壓迫者的語言和文化，以便于將來一天他能更好地向壓迫者們傳達為何他們的自由是以他的自由為基礎的。
【GRE作文話題連接】Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.
Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal. And because he was not only a leader of a movement but a skillful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy, true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.
但是當他進行艱難的權力過渡協商和起草新法令時，他并沒有懼怕為更宏大的目標做出忍讓。因為他不僅是一個運動領袖，更是一名杰出的政治家，新起草的憲章遵循了多種族民主和他對法律的看法，即法律既要保護少數人民的權力，也要保護多數人民的權力，以及每個南非人民的珍貴的自由。
And finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit. There is a word in South Africa -- Ubuntu -- a word that captures Mandelas greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.
最后，曼德拉理解連接人類精神的樞紐。南非有一個詞最能描繪出曼德拉的天賦Ubuntu，意思是他能認識到我們所有人以肉眼看不到的方式關聯在一起的能力，能認識到人性的統一，能認識到我們通過和他人分享和互相關愛成就我們自己。
For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe, Madibas passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life. But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection. With honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: How well have I applied his lessons in my own life?
對于南非人民來說，對于全球各地受曼德拉啟發的人們來說，他的逝去讓我們哀悼，讓我們銘記他英勇的一生。但是我相信他的逝去更會督促我們每一個人進行自省。不論我們的地位和境況，我們誠實地問自己：我怎樣將從曼德拉身上所學到的運用到我自己的生活中?
The questions we face today -- how to promote equality and justice; how to uphold freedom and human rights; how to end conflict and sectarian war -- these things do not have easy answers. But there were no easy answers in front of that child born in World War I. Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done. South Africa shows that is true. South Africa shows we can change, that we can choose a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes. We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.
今天我們面對的問題如何促進平等和正義;如何才能促進自由和人權;如何結束摩擦和宗派斗爭。這些問題并沒有簡單的答案。但是在那個一戰中出生的孩子面前也沒有簡單的答案。納爾遜曼德拉提醒我們一場事業在沒有完成之前總是看起來不可能的。南非的進程說明了這一點。南非證明了我們可以改變世界，這個世界里我們的不同不再重要，重要的是我們分享同一個希望;這個世界里不再充滿摩擦，而是充滿和平、正義和機遇。
when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.
當夜色彌漫，當不公重壓在我們心頭，當我們的計劃被全盤打亂，讓我們想起曼德拉和那些曾經給他在監牢四壁中帶來安撫的話：大門多么緊閉并不重要，刑罰多么嚴苛也不重要，重要的是我是我命運的主宰，我是我靈魂的主人。
