全國職稱英語考試綜合類C級課堂筆記閱讀判斷第4講
考題預(yù)測:
1. 重點(diǎn)推薦文章:Is it a man, is it a bear or is it bigfoot? Own your childrens education, TV game shows, smoking, American sports
2. 非重點(diǎn)文章: Plants and mankind, brands, why is native language learnt so well, easy learning, the first settlement if north America, the workers role in management
推測閱讀判斷部分的考題很可能還是從書外出題。
解題技巧說明:
建議在解題之前如果題干涉及到的細(xì)節(jié)信息較多,可以把題干的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行信息的劃分:劃分成幾層信息,然后一一對這些信息進(jìn)行查找和確認(rèn):
判斷公式:
全部正確 = 正確;
一個錯誤 = 錯誤;
一個沒提到= 沒提到;
信息查找方法/答案相關(guān)句查找方法--核心詞/特征詞定位法。核心詞是指在出現(xiàn)在問題句中的主句和從句中的主語和謂語部分的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu)(如果有賓語也可考慮賓語部分的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu))。選取這些詞語/結(jié)構(gòu)的時候要考慮是否這些將被選擇作為答案線索的詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)是標(biāo)志新信息的內(nèi)容,如果是,則可以選取;否者就考慮句子中其他結(jié)構(gòu)中標(biāo)志新信息的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu)。(注:新信息是在前面問題的內(nèi)容中沒有出現(xiàn)過的信息)在選取直接作為線索詞/結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)容時還要注意標(biāo)志原則容易在文章中識別的單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)。
特征詞 是指在出現(xiàn)在要求考生作出判斷的句子中表示時間,人名,地名,組織機(jī)構(gòu)名等,在文章如果出現(xiàn)往往很容易就會被發(fā)現(xiàn)的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu),因?yàn)檫@些結(jié)構(gòu)總是以特殊的形式出現(xiàn)在文章中:時間往往是以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的形式出現(xiàn);人名,地名,組織機(jī)構(gòu)名往往是以單詞的首字母大寫的形式出現(xiàn)。
另外,要求考生作出判斷的句子中出現(xiàn)的修飾詞,限制詞(往往形容詞/副詞)可以直接考慮作為答案線索。在利用選出的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索時要注意在文章出現(xiàn)的與這些詞/結(jié)構(gòu)含義相近的詞語/結(jié)構(gòu)。
閱讀判斷題出題特點(diǎn):主要是考察細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn);
職稱英語C級常見詞匯:
expensive adj. 花費(fèi)的;昂貴的
experience n.. 經(jīng)驗(yàn);體驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷; 閱歷
experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn);試驗(yàn)
expert n. 專家
explain v. 解釋;說明
explosion n. 爆發(fā);發(fā)出;爆炸
expose vt. 使暴露;受到;使曝光
express vt. 表達(dá);表示
expression n. 表達(dá);表情
extend v. 擴(kuò)充;延伸;伸展;擴(kuò)大
extensive adj. 廣大的;廣闊的;廣泛的
extent n. 廣度;范圍;程度;區(qū)域
external adj.外部的, 客觀的
extra adj. 額外的
extraordinary adj. 非常的;特別的;非凡的
extreme adj. 盡頭的;極端的;極度的; extremely adv. 極端地;非常地; facility n.設(shè)備;工具
fact n. 事實(shí);實(shí)情;真相
factor n. 因素
faculty n. 能力;全體教員;系
fail vi. 失敗;不及格;忘記 vt. 使失望;舍棄;辜負(fù);不及格
failure n. 失敗;失敗者;缺乏;失靈;故障
fair adj. 美麗的;公平的adv. 公平地;公正地;直接地;清楚地n. 美好的事物;展覽會;市集
fairly adv. 公正地;公平地;相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
faith n. 信任;信念;
fall n. 秋天;落下;瀑布;下降 vi. 倒下,落下
false adj. 錯誤的;虛偽的;假的;偽造的; fame n. 名聲;名望
familiar adj. 熟悉的;常見的 familiar to sb. /某人所熟悉的, be familiar with English/通曉英語)
famous adj. 著名的;出名的
fantastic adj. 幻想的;奇異的;稀奇古怪的
far adj. 遠(yuǎn)的;久遠(yuǎn)的;遙遠(yuǎn)的adv. 遠(yuǎn);很遠(yuǎn);遙遠(yuǎn)地
fascinating adj. 迷人的;醉人的
fashion n. 樣子;方式;流行;風(fēng)尚
fashionable adj. 流行的;時髦的
fast adj. 緊的;牢的;快速的;耐久的adv. 牢固地;很快地;緊緊地
fatal adj. 不幸的;致命的;毀滅性的
fault n. 過錯;缺點(diǎn);故障;毛病
favor n. 好感;寵愛;關(guān)切;歡心;好意;喜愛vt. 支持;贊成;照顧;喜歡
favorite n. 特別喜歡的人;喜歡的事物adj. 喜愛的;寵愛的
fear n. 恐怖;害怕;擔(dān)心v. 害怕;畏懼;為擔(dān)心
feature n. 面貌的一部分特征;容貌;特色;特寫vt. 是的特色; federal adj. 聯(lián)邦的;聯(lián)合的
fee n. 費(fèi);酬金
feed n. 飼養(yǎng)vt. 喂養(yǎng);飼養(yǎng);放牧;靠為生
fertile (B)adj. 肥沃的;富饒的
fever n. 發(fā)燒;發(fā)熱;狂熱
few adj. 很少的;不多的;少數(shù)的n. 很少數(shù);幾乎沒有a few more/再多幾個
field n. 原野;領(lǐng)域;田地;運(yùn)動場
fierce adj. 兇猛的;猛烈的;熱烈的
figure n. 外形,體形;圖形,畫像;數(shù)字; vt.演算;認(rèn)為
file n. 文件;檔案;文件夾
fill vt. 裝滿;供應(yīng);滿足a form/填表, fill the blanks/填空, fill a prescription/照方配藥)
final n. 結(jié)局;決賽;期末考試adj. 最后的;最終的;決定性的prepare for the finals/準(zhǔn)備參加期終考試
finally adv. 最后;終于
例題解析:
閱讀判斷(每題1分,共七分)
閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出了七個句子,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息,請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息,請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及,請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a childs teachers may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案及解析:
1. 文章主題分析:Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
2. 直接解題:
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
1. A。
理解問題句:問題句說與學(xué)習(xí)外語的成年人相比,兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語很容易。。
信息劃分:Compared with adults learning a foreign language(1), children learn their native language with ease(2)
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:adult和 children, 因?yàn)樗鼈兪窃摼鋬?nèi)容的中心。于是我們很快在第1段的段首句中發(fā)現(xiàn)children, 而在隨后的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)adult。研究這兩段的語義:How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact.
前一句說為什么孩子學(xué)習(xí)他們的母語學(xué)得這么好?,后一句接著說當(dāng)我們把孩子和學(xué)習(xí)外語的成年人比較時,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個有趣的事實(shí)。,依據(jù)這兩句判斷該問題句實(shí)際上是對原文中這兩個句子的總結(jié)說明。
2. Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. C。
理解問題句:問題句說成年人的知識和智力阻礙了他們對外語的掌握。
信息劃分:可以把整個句子看成一層信息。
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:Adults knowledge and mental powers,因?yàn)樗鼈兪窃摼鋬?nèi)容的中心。
于是我們很快在第1段的第3句中發(fā)現(xiàn)mental powers,A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? 該句說智力充分發(fā)展的成年人,在大多數(shù)的情況下,對外語的掌握是錯誤的和不準(zhǔn)確的。。而下文延伸到新話題--中談到的是造成成年人和孩子學(xué)習(xí)外語差異的原因(Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place,..),而且問題句中的另一個核心詞匯Adults knowledge根本就沒有出現(xiàn),因此判斷答案為沒提到。
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.B.
理解問題句:問題句說兒童母語學(xué)得好的原因只是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。 容易察覺該問題句的說法太絕對,所以推斷答案為錯誤。
信息劃分:直接看成一層信息
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:their environment of learning, 因?yàn)樵撛~是該句內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵(也是新信息)。(第1段結(jié)尾句:)What accounts for this difference? 猜想提到的差異可能就是成年人和孩子在語言學(xué)習(xí)上的差異。
Despite other explanations, the real answer (與題干中的reason呼應(yīng))in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him(與their environment of learning間接呼應(yīng)).
該句給出了由兩個partly引出的兩個理由,不是唯一的一個理由,所以判斷問題句錯誤。
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. A。
理解問題句:問題句說早年大量的聽力練習(xí)是兒童成功地學(xué)習(xí)母語的一個原因。
信息劃分:Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life(1) partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.(2)
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:the first years of life, 因?yàn)樗鼈兪菢?biāo)志性的特征結(jié)構(gòu)。
在第2段的第2句中發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)句。In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life.該句說早年學(xué)習(xí)母語的時間是最有益的。,與問題句的說法基本一致(只是沒有說明是否是早年在聽力方面的練習(xí))(劃線句的后一句)A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. 該句主要提到了從早到晚地聽母語,..正確的發(fā)音,正確的音調(diào)..,因此該句暗示前句中提到的早年的學(xué)習(xí)主要就是聽母語,因此可見信息1的內(nèi)容在原文中有一致的內(nèi)容,所以信息1的內(nèi)容也正確
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5.B。
理解問題句:問題句說兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語的優(yōu)勢是可以常年上私人輔導(dǎo)課。。借助常識判斷該句的說法不正確。
信息劃分:把該句看成一層信息。
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:all the year round,因?yàn)樗鼈兪菢?biāo)志性的特征結(jié)構(gòu)。
在第3段的第1句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage(該句暗示前面出現(xiàn)的是一個孩子具有的優(yōu)勢,因此判斷前句(包含答案線索詞的句子)很可能是直接答案相關(guān)句。)比較原句和問題句的結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處在于as it were的結(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)際上,as it were的含義是仿佛是。所以原文說仿佛是,而問題句說是,所以判斷問題句不正確。
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. A。
理解問題句:問題句說手勢和面部表情可能會對兒童掌握母語有幫助。。
信息劃分:Gestures and facial expressions(1) may assist a child in mastering his native language.(2)
確認(rèn)答案線索詞:Gestures和 facial expressions,因?yàn)樗鼈兪菢?biāo)志性的特征結(jié)構(gòu)。
在第3段的第2句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions(信息1有在原文中有相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)).
該句說兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語的另一個優(yōu)勢是可以接觸各種情景的母語,而且母語中還伴隨了正確的手勢和面部表情。??梢娫涞恼f法與問題句一致,所以判斷問題句正確。