基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)輕松學(xué)【83】法國(guó)人的家庭
本課您將學(xué)到:prefer A to B, of句型+抽象名詞的常見(jiàn)類型
In France, daily social relations are always dominated(支配、統(tǒng)治) by family ties(紐帶). The family has been the focus of the individual(個(gè)體)s loyalty(忠誠(chéng)、忠心) and affection(影響), of his economic interest, and even of his legal(法律上的) duty. Many an old Frenchman spent his youth(青春時(shí)代) in a world where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him than his friends of his own age.
French family needs and demands were put before those of local(當(dāng)?shù)氐模?community or even those of the state(國(guó)家的): I cant pay my taxes because I have a duty to support my uncle. has been a common French attitude(態(tài)度).
The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has been steadily(平穩(wěn)地) narrowed(收縮) from extended family to the nuclear family. Many younger couples today prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite(團(tuán)聚) with big families at weekends or in August.
「讀書(shū)筆記」
在法國(guó)的日常生活中,家庭紐帶(family ties)主宰著社會(huì)關(guān)系。家庭不僅是一個(gè)人忠誠(chéng)和情感的中心,(the focus of the individuals loyalty and affection)而且也是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(of his economic interest)和法律義務(wù)的集中點(diǎn)(even of his legal duty)。許多年長(zhǎng)的法國(guó)人是在這樣一個(gè)環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的:別人要求他們把尊老愛(ài)幼放在一個(gè)重要的位置,(where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him)甚過(guò)對(duì)待他們同齡的朋友。(than his friends of his own age)
不知大家注意到?jīng)]有,這段的最后一句話,把many和a連在一起使用了。這是什么道理呢?
其實(shí),這也是表達(dá)很多的一種方式,用法是:many a 后接單數(shù)名詞,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。比如:
Weve been here many a time.
我們這兒已來(lái)過(guò)多次。
Many a great idea is brought forward in the meeting about the 2008 Olympic games.
在商議2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的會(huì)議上,新點(diǎn)子層出不窮。
法國(guó)人總把家庭的需求(needs and demands)放在社區(qū)、甚至國(guó)家的前面。(before those of local community or even those of the state)我不能交稅,因?yàn)槲业灭B(yǎng)活我叔叔。這種態(tài)度在法國(guó)早已很普通了。
Support在這里指to provide enough money for someone to pay for all the things they need,也就是養(yǎng)活的意思。比如:
He has a large family to support.
他要撫養(yǎng)一大家人。
戰(zhàn)后以來(lái),(since the war)法國(guó)人對(duì)家庭的忠誠(chéng)焦點(diǎn)早已從相對(duì)的大家庭而穩(wěn)步縮小,轉(zhuǎn)向了小家庭。(that the focus of loyalty has been steadily narrowed from extended family to the nuclear family)如今的許多年輕夫婦寧肯在周末或夏天(at weekends or in August)和朋友去快樂(lè)地旅行,也不愿意回父母家中團(tuán)聚。(prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite with big families)
「句型留言板」
prefer A to B...(此句型中的to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞)
喜歡A,不喜歡B;寧愿A,不愿B
這是個(gè)常見(jiàn)又實(shí)用的句型,在初中的課本上,我們就學(xué)過(guò)了。所以,今天的主要任務(wù)是把它的用法加以總結(jié),加深大家的印象,同時(shí),給出類似的用法,使大家的語(yǔ)言形式更豐富些。
1、preferto形式:
使用這個(gè)句型,最重要的原則就是前后一致,也就是說(shuō),prefer和to后面的部分,不論詞性、形式都要相同。來(lái)看看例子:
I prefer fish to meat.我喜歡魚(yú),而不喜歡肉。(prefer名詞to名詞)
I prefer reading to playing.我寧愿讀書(shū),不愿玩耍。(prefer動(dòng)名詞to動(dòng)名詞)
2、prefer to do sth. + rather than do sth.(注意:rather than的后面沒(méi)有to)
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她寧愿和我們一道去也不愿留下。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
與其乘坐擁擠的公共汽車,他倒更愿意總是騎自行車。
特別提示:
以上兩個(gè)句型都可以和would rather do sth. than do sth.替換。比如,下面這三句話表達(dá)的意思是相同的:
The bus is too crowded;
I prefer walking home to taking the bus.
I prefer to walk home rather than take the bus.
I would rather walk home than take the bus.
公共汽車太擁擠,我寧愿步行回家也不愿乘車。
「語(yǔ)法小教室」
在閱讀中,我們經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到of+抽象名詞的情況,今天,我們就把幾種常見(jiàn)的形式為大家簡(jiǎn)單分析一下。
1、of+抽象名詞=形容詞。如:
a women of wealth/wisdom/courage=a wealthy/wise/courageous woman
2、be of+修飾語(yǔ)+抽象名詞。比如:
be of importance/help/use/significance=be important/helpful/useful/significant
這一結(jié)構(gòu)可用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),比如:
This question is of importance.(=This question is important.)
大家可能會(huì)問(wèn),為什么不直接用后一種說(shuō)法呢?那不是更容易理解嗎?其實(shí),像上面這句話,前后兩種說(shuō)法差別不大,用哪一種都可以。有時(shí)候,我們?yōu)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)某種抽象的含義,用這種形式就可以達(dá)到很好的效果。比如,我們要表達(dá)時(shí)間是寶貴的,就可以用be of value取代be valuable,為了加強(qiáng)效果,還可以在value前面加上修飾語(yǔ)great,造個(gè)句子:
Each hour, each minute, each second is of great value for us.
每小時(shí)、每分鐘、每一秒對(duì)我們都很寶貴。
(體會(huì)一下,是不是比Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.效果好些?而且,適當(dāng)變化句式,也可以使我們的語(yǔ)言更有活力,對(duì)嗎?)
特別提示:
常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)還有l(wèi)ittle ,some ,any, no, not, much,常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好處),significance(意義、重要性)。比如:of no use =useless(無(wú)用的)
3、還有一種情況,我們必須使用這種句型,就是of后面的抽象名詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式,為了表明主語(yǔ)的這類特征,我們只能用be of+抽象名飼的形式代替be+形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞包括size, weight, height, length, width, age ,opinion ,colour , price, kind, type, shape, way等。比如:
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
錢幣從大小、重量、形狀到材質(zhì)都各不相同。
Her eyes are of a dark gray color.
她的眼睛是深灰色的。
「資料庫(kù)」
相信大家在許多關(guān)于社會(huì)、家庭的文章中,都讀到過(guò)這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ),unclear family, extended family,它們是什么意思呢?翻翻資料庫(kù),了解一下吧!
unclear family=a family consisting of mother, father and their children
extended family=all the people in a family including aunts, uncles, grandparents etc.
家庭主要是根據(jù)因結(jié)婚、生育或領(lǐng)養(yǎng)而形成或產(chǎn)生的關(guān)系所確定的。這些關(guān)系都由法律和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣加以規(guī)定。其基本關(guān)系是通過(guò)婚姻而形成的夫婦關(guān)系,以及存在于雙親(Parents),即父親(father)和母親(mother)及其子女(children),即兒子(sons)和女兒(daughters)之間的關(guān)系。雙親及其子女,有時(shí)叫作生物學(xué)家庭(biological family)或核心家庭(nuclear family)。擴(kuò)大家庭(extended family)是更大的家庭單位,通常由數(shù)個(gè)核心家庭合成。
今天的節(jié)目中,我們總結(jié)了prefer to句型的用法,給大家介紹了be of+抽象名詞的用法,還了解了關(guān)于家庭形式的知識(shí),希望大家有所收獲!
下次再見(jiàn)!
本課您將學(xué)到:prefer A to B, of句型+抽象名詞的常見(jiàn)類型
In France, daily social relations are always dominated(支配、統(tǒng)治) by family ties(紐帶). The family has been the focus of the individual(個(gè)體)s loyalty(忠誠(chéng)、忠心) and affection(影響), of his economic interest, and even of his legal(法律上的) duty. Many an old Frenchman spent his youth(青春時(shí)代) in a world where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him than his friends of his own age.
French family needs and demands were put before those of local(當(dāng)?shù)氐模?community or even those of the state(國(guó)家的): I cant pay my taxes because I have a duty to support my uncle. has been a common French attitude(態(tài)度).
The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has been steadily(平穩(wěn)地) narrowed(收縮) from extended family to the nuclear family. Many younger couples today prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite(團(tuán)聚) with big families at weekends or in August.
「讀書(shū)筆記」
在法國(guó)的日常生活中,家庭紐帶(family ties)主宰著社會(huì)關(guān)系。家庭不僅是一個(gè)人忠誠(chéng)和情感的中心,(the focus of the individuals loyalty and affection)而且也是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(of his economic interest)和法律義務(wù)的集中點(diǎn)(even of his legal duty)。許多年長(zhǎng)的法國(guó)人是在這樣一個(gè)環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的:別人要求他們把尊老愛(ài)幼放在一個(gè)重要的位置,(where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him)甚過(guò)對(duì)待他們同齡的朋友。(than his friends of his own age)
不知大家注意到?jīng)]有,這段的最后一句話,把many和a連在一起使用了。這是什么道理呢?
其實(shí),這也是表達(dá)很多的一種方式,用法是:many a 后接單數(shù)名詞,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。比如:
Weve been here many a time.
我們這兒已來(lái)過(guò)多次。
Many a great idea is brought forward in the meeting about the 2008 Olympic games.
在商議2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的會(huì)議上,新點(diǎn)子層出不窮。
法國(guó)人總把家庭的需求(needs and demands)放在社區(qū)、甚至國(guó)家的前面。(before those of local community or even those of the state)我不能交稅,因?yàn)槲业灭B(yǎng)活我叔叔。這種態(tài)度在法國(guó)早已很普通了。
Support在這里指to provide enough money for someone to pay for all the things they need,也就是養(yǎng)活的意思。比如:
He has a large family to support.
他要撫養(yǎng)一大家人。
戰(zhàn)后以來(lái),(since the war)法國(guó)人對(duì)家庭的忠誠(chéng)焦點(diǎn)早已從相對(duì)的大家庭而穩(wěn)步縮小,轉(zhuǎn)向了小家庭。(that the focus of loyalty has been steadily narrowed from extended family to the nuclear family)如今的許多年輕夫婦寧肯在周末或夏天(at weekends or in August)和朋友去快樂(lè)地旅行,也不愿意回父母家中團(tuán)聚。(prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite with big families)
「句型留言板」
prefer A to B...(此句型中的to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞)
喜歡A,不喜歡B;寧愿A,不愿B
這是個(gè)常見(jiàn)又實(shí)用的句型,在初中的課本上,我們就學(xué)過(guò)了。所以,今天的主要任務(wù)是把它的用法加以總結(jié),加深大家的印象,同時(shí),給出類似的用法,使大家的語(yǔ)言形式更豐富些。
1、preferto形式:
使用這個(gè)句型,最重要的原則就是前后一致,也就是說(shuō),prefer和to后面的部分,不論詞性、形式都要相同。來(lái)看看例子:
I prefer fish to meat.我喜歡魚(yú),而不喜歡肉。(prefer名詞to名詞)
I prefer reading to playing.我寧愿讀書(shū),不愿玩耍。(prefer動(dòng)名詞to動(dòng)名詞)
2、prefer to do sth. + rather than do sth.(注意:rather than的后面沒(méi)有to)
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她寧愿和我們一道去也不愿留下。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
與其乘坐擁擠的公共汽車,他倒更愿意總是騎自行車。
特別提示:
以上兩個(gè)句型都可以和would rather do sth. than do sth.替換。比如,下面這三句話表達(dá)的意思是相同的:
The bus is too crowded;
I prefer walking home to taking the bus.
I prefer to walk home rather than take the bus.
I would rather walk home than take the bus.
公共汽車太擁擠,我寧愿步行回家也不愿乘車。
「語(yǔ)法小教室」
在閱讀中,我們經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到of+抽象名詞的情況,今天,我們就把幾種常見(jiàn)的形式為大家簡(jiǎn)單分析一下。
1、of+抽象名詞=形容詞。如:
a women of wealth/wisdom/courage=a wealthy/wise/courageous woman
2、be of+修飾語(yǔ)+抽象名詞。比如:
be of importance/help/use/significance=be important/helpful/useful/significant
這一結(jié)構(gòu)可用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),比如:
This question is of importance.(=This question is important.)
大家可能會(huì)問(wèn),為什么不直接用后一種說(shuō)法呢?那不是更容易理解嗎?其實(shí),像上面這句話,前后兩種說(shuō)法差別不大,用哪一種都可以。有時(shí)候,我們?yōu)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)某種抽象的含義,用這種形式就可以達(dá)到很好的效果。比如,我們要表達(dá)時(shí)間是寶貴的,就可以用be of value取代be valuable,為了加強(qiáng)效果,還可以在value前面加上修飾語(yǔ)great,造個(gè)句子:
Each hour, each minute, each second is of great value for us.
每小時(shí)、每分鐘、每一秒對(duì)我們都很寶貴。
(體會(huì)一下,是不是比Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.效果好些?而且,適當(dāng)變化句式,也可以使我們的語(yǔ)言更有活力,對(duì)嗎?)
特別提示:
常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)還有l(wèi)ittle ,some ,any, no, not, much,常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好處),significance(意義、重要性)。比如:of no use =useless(無(wú)用的)
3、還有一種情況,我們必須使用這種句型,就是of后面的抽象名詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式,為了表明主語(yǔ)的這類特征,我們只能用be of+抽象名飼的形式代替be+形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞包括size, weight, height, length, width, age ,opinion ,colour , price, kind, type, shape, way等。比如:
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
錢幣從大小、重量、形狀到材質(zhì)都各不相同。
Her eyes are of a dark gray color.
她的眼睛是深灰色的。
「資料庫(kù)」
相信大家在許多關(guān)于社會(huì)、家庭的文章中,都讀到過(guò)這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ),unclear family, extended family,它們是什么意思呢?翻翻資料庫(kù),了解一下吧!
unclear family=a family consisting of mother, father and their children
extended family=all the people in a family including aunts, uncles, grandparents etc.
家庭主要是根據(jù)因結(jié)婚、生育或領(lǐng)養(yǎng)而形成或產(chǎn)生的關(guān)系所確定的。這些關(guān)系都由法律和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣加以規(guī)定。其基本關(guān)系是通過(guò)婚姻而形成的夫婦關(guān)系,以及存在于雙親(Parents),即父親(father)和母親(mother)及其子女(children),即兒子(sons)和女兒(daughters)之間的關(guān)系。雙親及其子女,有時(shí)叫作生物學(xué)家庭(biological family)或核心家庭(nuclear family)。擴(kuò)大家庭(extended family)是更大的家庭單位,通常由數(shù)個(gè)核心家庭合成。
今天的節(jié)目中,我們總結(jié)了prefer to句型的用法,給大家介紹了be of+抽象名詞的用法,還了解了關(guān)于家庭形式的知識(shí),希望大家有所收獲!
下次再見(jiàn)!