高中英語語法-如何提高英語書面表達能力
如何提高英語書面表達能力
現(xiàn)行的《全日制高級中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱》，不僅把培養(yǎng)在書面上初步運用英語進行交際的能力作為主要的教學(xué)目的之一，而且還在教學(xué)要求部分對寫作出了具體的達標要求（在有提示語的條件下，能寫出 80-100 詞的短文，基本語法和常用句型無重大錯誤，意思表達清楚）。從歷年考試結(jié)果來看，學(xué)生的聽讀技能在逐年提高，相比之下，寫作技能卻仍處于停滯不前的狀態(tài)。因此，有步驟地培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的書面表達能力是十分必要的。現(xiàn)筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗談?wù)勅绾翁岣哂⒄Z書面表達能力，以供大家參考。
一 . 從遣詞造句入手，循序漸進，培養(yǎng)能力
要提高書面表達能力，首先必須提高遣詞造句的能力。要達到這個目的，就要創(chuàng)造條件多練，在練習(xí)中熟悉詞匯的用法，掌握句型。
1. 背誦課文中的重要句型
首先通過機械模仿，逐漸學(xué)會靈活運用，做到舉一反三。以新編高一教材 Unit 1 為例，在學(xué)習(xí)了課文 Chuck's Friend 的第一段： In the movie Cast Away， Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends One day he is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean Chuck survived the crash and lands on a deserted island.
教師可以在學(xué)生背誦這段課文的基礎(chǔ)上，讓學(xué)生模仿課文中的句型用 sothat 和 when 造下列句子：
A. 他學(xué)習(xí)如此用功，以致老師表揚了他。
B. 他的英語學(xué)得如此好，以致能夠用英語寫信。
A. 我正要出去，這時候天下雨了。（ be about to dowhen ）
B. 我正在做飯，這時候電話響了。（ be doingwhen ）
再比如，學(xué)生在學(xué)了 Unit 6 的課文 Table Manners at a Dinner Party 中的句型 For drinking during a dinner， the best advice is never to drink too much 后，要復(fù)習(xí)并歸納與 advice 相關(guān)的詞組及用法，并能模仿造句。如： a good piece of advice， follow/take one's advice， ask sb for some advice， do sth on/by one's advice， give sb some advice； advise sb（not）to do sth， advise sb against doing sth， advise doing sth， advise that-clause.
2. 做句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)，學(xué)會一句多種表達
如：在學(xué)習(xí)并列句 He lives in the house and its windows face south. 時，學(xué)生可以將它轉(zhuǎn)化為以下不同的定語從句：
A. He lives in the house， whose windows face south.
B. He lives in the house， the windows of which face south.
C. He lives in the house， of which the windows face south.
又如：在學(xué)了句型 As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. 后，學(xué)生還應(yīng)該知道該句型可以有下列表達法：
A. On seeing it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
B. At the first sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
C. The moment she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's.
D. As soon as she caught sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
E. No sooner had she seen it than she knew that it must belong to Jim.
F. Hardly had she seen it when she knew it must belong to Jim.
二 . 熟悉英語語法知識，避免受母語影響
許多學(xué)生在做英語作文時由于不能擺脫母語的影響，常常按漢語思維，生搬硬套造句子，結(jié)果忽略了英語語法知識，寫出不少漢語式的英文，以下是學(xué)生在書面表達中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤句子。
1. Car is playing more and more important part in people's life.
2. It is a new-built building.
3. A plane travels more faster than a train.
4. There is nothing serious wrong with the car.
5. On last Tuesday afternoon， we have some sports.
6. He gave us a lecture in February 2.
7. This kind of glasses sell well.
8. He bought many books， which was written by Lu Xun.
9. The fire was lasted two hours.
10. I have told that he will leave for America soon.
11. Teachers should strict with students and care for them.
12. The cloth is felt soft.
正確的表達方式是：
1. The car is playing a more and more important part in people's life.
2. It is a newly-built building.
3. A plane travels much faster than a train.
4. There is nothing seriously wrong with the car.
5. Last Tuesday afternoon， we had some sports.
6. He gave us a lecture on February 2.
7. This kind of glasses sells well.
8. He bought many books， which were written by Lu Xun.
9. The fire lasted two hours.
10. I have been told that he will leave for America soon.
11. Teachers should be strict with students and care for them.
12. The cloth feels soft.
如何提高英語書面表達能力
現(xiàn)行的《全日制高級中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱》，不僅把培養(yǎng)在書面上初步運用英語進行交際的能力作為主要的教學(xué)目的之一，而且還在教學(xué)要求部分對寫作出了具體的達標要求（在有提示語的條件下，能寫出 80-100 詞的短文，基本語法和常用句型無重大錯誤，意思表達清楚）。從歷年考試結(jié)果來看，學(xué)生的聽讀技能在逐年提高，相比之下，寫作技能卻仍處于停滯不前的狀態(tài)。因此，有步驟地培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的書面表達能力是十分必要的。現(xiàn)筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗談?wù)勅绾翁岣哂⒄Z書面表達能力，以供大家參考。
一 . 從遣詞造句入手，循序漸進，培養(yǎng)能力
要提高書面表達能力，首先必須提高遣詞造句的能力。要達到這個目的，就要創(chuàng)造條件多練，在練習(xí)中熟悉詞匯的用法，掌握句型。
1. 背誦課文中的重要句型
首先通過機械模仿，逐漸學(xué)會靈活運用，做到舉一反三。以新編高一教材 Unit 1 為例，在學(xué)習(xí)了課文 Chuck's Friend 的第一段： In the movie Cast Away， Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends One day he is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean Chuck survived the crash and lands on a deserted island.
教師可以在學(xué)生背誦這段課文的基礎(chǔ)上，讓學(xué)生模仿課文中的句型用 sothat 和 when 造下列句子：
A. 他學(xué)習(xí)如此用功，以致老師表揚了他。
B. 他的英語學(xué)得如此好，以致能夠用英語寫信。
A. 我正要出去，這時候天下雨了。（ be about to dowhen ）
B. 我正在做飯，這時候電話響了。（ be doingwhen ）
再比如，學(xué)生在學(xué)了 Unit 6 的課文 Table Manners at a Dinner Party 中的句型 For drinking during a dinner， the best advice is never to drink too much 后，要復(fù)習(xí)并歸納與 advice 相關(guān)的詞組及用法，并能模仿造句。如： a good piece of advice， follow/take one's advice， ask sb for some advice， do sth on/by one's advice， give sb some advice； advise sb（not）to do sth， advise sb against doing sth， advise doing sth， advise that-clause.
2. 做句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)，學(xué)會一句多種表達
如：在學(xué)習(xí)并列句 He lives in the house and its windows face south. 時，學(xué)生可以將它轉(zhuǎn)化為以下不同的定語從句：
A. He lives in the house， whose windows face south.
B. He lives in the house， the windows of which face south.
C. He lives in the house， of which the windows face south.
又如：在學(xué)了句型 As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. 后，學(xué)生還應(yīng)該知道該句型可以有下列表達法：
A. On seeing it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
B. At the first sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
C. The moment she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's.
D. As soon as she caught sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.
E. No sooner had she seen it than she knew that it must belong to Jim.
F. Hardly had she seen it when she knew it must belong to Jim.
二 . 熟悉英語語法知識，避免受母語影響
許多學(xué)生在做英語作文時由于不能擺脫母語的影響，常常按漢語思維，生搬硬套造句子，結(jié)果忽略了英語語法知識，寫出不少漢語式的英文，以下是學(xué)生在書面表達中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤句子。
1. Car is playing more and more important part in people's life.
2. It is a new-built building.
3. A plane travels more faster than a train.
4. There is nothing serious wrong with the car.
5. On last Tuesday afternoon， we have some sports.
6. He gave us a lecture in February 2.
7. This kind of glasses sell well.
8. He bought many books， which was written by Lu Xun.
9. The fire was lasted two hours.
10. I have told that he will leave for America soon.
11. Teachers should strict with students and care for them.
12. The cloth is felt soft.
正確的表達方式是：
1. The car is playing a more and more important part in people's life.
2. It is a newly-built building.
3. A plane travels much faster than a train.
4. There is nothing seriously wrong with the car.
5. Last Tuesday afternoon， we had some sports.
6. He gave us a lecture on February 2.
7. This kind of glasses sells well.
8. He bought many books， which were written by Lu Xun.
9. The fire lasted two hours.
10. I have been told that he will leave for America soon.
11. Teachers should be strict with students and care for them.
12. The cloth feels soft.
