高中英語語法-談 more than 與 less than
談 more than 與 less than
英語中, more than 和 less than 的使用頻率相當高,用法也較為復雜。筆者在此將其分別歸類,以供同學們在學習中參考。
一、 more than
1. more than 可放在數詞之前,意為超過;不止;以上,用于此意義時可與 over 互換使用。例如:
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整體說來,我們這個星球表面有 70% 以上都為水所覆蓋。
2. more than 可放在名詞之前,表示不只是;不僅僅。例如:
Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不僅僅是睡眠。
Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
3. more than 用于形容詞或副詞前,作非常;十分解,與 very 同義。例如:
She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常細心。
In class, he listens more than attentively. 在課堂上,他聽講十分認真。
4. more than 之后接含有 can 的從句時,常表示否定意義。此時,從句中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞,并且與句子的主語呈現邏輯上的動賓關系。例如:
This secret is more than we can let out. 這個秘密我們是不能泄露的。(主語 secret 是 let out 的邏輯賓語)
比較: less than 后面接形容詞、副詞時,意為不;很少;不到,具有否定意義。例如:
a) We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.
那天我們很忙,不高興有客人來。
b) The young man is less than twenty years old.
這個年輕人不到 20 歲。
二、 more than
1. more than 意為與其不如:是而不是,常可與 rather than 或 not so much as 互換使用。例如:
He is more like a spear than anything else. = He is like a spear rather than anything else. = He is not so much like anything else as like a spear.
與其說他(指大象)像別的什么東西,不如說他像一根長矛。
He is more poltroon than cautious.
與其說他謹慎,不如說他是怯懦。
2. more than 之后接含有 can 的從句時,同樣表示否定意義。例如:
Tom has more insolence than I can stand. = Tom's insolence is more than I can stand.
湯姆的傲慢使我難以忍受。
比較: less than 意為不像;不是。例如:
Joseph is less honest than his brother.
約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠實。
三、 no more than 或 not any more than
兩者的意思均為只有;僅僅;不過( = only; just ),前者多用于書面語,后者常用于口語。例如:
Abraham Lincoln's whole school education added up to no more than one year.
亞伯拉罕。林肯所受的全部學校教育總共不過一年的時間。
比較: no less than 意為不少于;不下于之多;多達。例如:
In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies.
在那一次戰役中,我們消滅的敵人不下 20 , 000 人。
四、 no more than 或 not any more than
1. 意為和一樣地不,表示兩者都否定,但說話人往往著重否定前面的一個分句,其作用相當于 neither nor 。例如:
Marry is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 瑪麗和湯姆兩個人都不勤奮。
2. 意為不正如不一樣,常用來加重說話者的語氣。例如:
We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water.
我們不能離開黨,正如魚兒離不開水一樣。
比較: no less than 意為(至少)和一樣。例如:
He is no less active than he used to be.
他和以前一樣活躍。
五、 not more than
not more than 常用于數詞之前,意為至多;頂多;不超過,其意義與 at (the) most 相同。例如:
There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
地面的干草上躺著一個農家孩子,最多不過 17 歲。
比較: not less than 意為不少于,同 at (the) least .嚴格地說, no less than 和 not less than 不同,但二者如今均相當于 as many as 。例如:
Our school has not less than/ no less than three thousand students.
我們學校擁有的學生不下 3 , 000 人。
六、 not more than
not more than 意為不如;不及于,語氣常著重否定后面的一個分句。常可與 not so/as as 互換使用。例如:
This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so/ as interesting as that one.
這個故事不如那個故事有趣。
比較:嚴格說來 not less than 的意思是至少不比差,意味或許還要強一些,但現在基本和 no less than 混用。例如:
His English is not less than yours.
他的英語至少不比你的英語差。
談 more than 與 less than
英語中, more than 和 less than 的使用頻率相當高,用法也較為復雜。筆者在此將其分別歸類,以供同學們在學習中參考。
一、 more than
1. more than 可放在數詞之前,意為超過;不止;以上,用于此意義時可與 over 互換使用。例如:
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整體說來,我們這個星球表面有 70% 以上都為水所覆蓋。
2. more than 可放在名詞之前,表示不只是;不僅僅。例如:
Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不僅僅是睡眠。
Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
3. more than 用于形容詞或副詞前,作非常;十分解,與 very 同義。例如:
She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常細心。
In class, he listens more than attentively. 在課堂上,他聽講十分認真。
4. more than 之后接含有 can 的從句時,常表示否定意義。此時,從句中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞,并且與句子的主語呈現邏輯上的動賓關系。例如:
This secret is more than we can let out. 這個秘密我們是不能泄露的。(主語 secret 是 let out 的邏輯賓語)
比較: less than 后面接形容詞、副詞時,意為不;很少;不到,具有否定意義。例如:
a) We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.
那天我們很忙,不高興有客人來。
b) The young man is less than twenty years old.
這個年輕人不到 20 歲。
二、 more than
1. more than 意為與其不如:是而不是,常可與 rather than 或 not so much as 互換使用。例如:
He is more like a spear than anything else. = He is like a spear rather than anything else. = He is not so much like anything else as like a spear.
與其說他(指大象)像別的什么東西,不如說他像一根長矛。
He is more poltroon than cautious.
與其說他謹慎,不如說他是怯懦。
2. more than 之后接含有 can 的從句時,同樣表示否定意義。例如:
Tom has more insolence than I can stand. = Tom's insolence is more than I can stand.
湯姆的傲慢使我難以忍受。
比較: less than 意為不像;不是。例如:
Joseph is less honest than his brother.
約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠實。
三、 no more than 或 not any more than
兩者的意思均為只有;僅僅;不過( = only; just ),前者多用于書面語,后者常用于口語。例如:
Abraham Lincoln's whole school education added up to no more than one year.
亞伯拉罕。林肯所受的全部學校教育總共不過一年的時間。
比較: no less than 意為不少于;不下于之多;多達。例如:
In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies.
在那一次戰役中,我們消滅的敵人不下 20 , 000 人。
四、 no more than 或 not any more than
1. 意為和一樣地不,表示兩者都否定,但說話人往往著重否定前面的一個分句,其作用相當于 neither nor 。例如:
Marry is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 瑪麗和湯姆兩個人都不勤奮。
2. 意為不正如不一樣,常用來加重說話者的語氣。例如:
We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water.
我們不能離開黨,正如魚兒離不開水一樣。
比較: no less than 意為(至少)和一樣。例如:
He is no less active than he used to be.
他和以前一樣活躍。
五、 not more than
not more than 常用于數詞之前,意為至多;頂多;不超過,其意義與 at (the) most 相同。例如:
There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
地面的干草上躺著一個農家孩子,最多不過 17 歲。
比較: not less than 意為不少于,同 at (the) least .嚴格地說, no less than 和 not less than 不同,但二者如今均相當于 as many as 。例如:
Our school has not less than/ no less than three thousand students.
我們學校擁有的學生不下 3 , 000 人。
六、 not more than
not more than 意為不如;不及于,語氣常著重否定后面的一個分句。常可與 not so/as as 互換使用。例如:
This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so/ as interesting as that one.
這個故事不如那個故事有趣。
比較:嚴格說來 not less than 的意思是至少不比差,意味或許還要強一些,但現在基本和 no less than 混用。例如:
His English is not less than yours.
他的英語至少不比你的英語差。