高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-語(yǔ)法·狀語(yǔ)從句用法小結(jié)之一
語(yǔ)法狀語(yǔ)從句用法小結(jié)之一
一、什么是狀語(yǔ)從句?
用一個(gè)句子(從句)來作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語(yǔ),用作狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類型的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:條件狀語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來作條件狀語(yǔ)。
二、狀語(yǔ)從句的分類。
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具體用法如下:
1. when 意為當(dāng)時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(們)來看我時(shí),我感到很高興。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. 你(們)過街道時(shí),一定要小心。
when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。eg.
He was working at the table when I went in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí),有人敲門。
I will visit my good friend when I have time. 當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 當(dāng)我在上海時(shí),我為一家外國(guó)企業(yè)工作。
注:when也可以作并列連詞,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。eg.
I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.
我正在河邊釣魚,就在那時(shí)有人求救。
We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作,突然燈都熄滅了。
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2. before 意為在之前,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前,我們打掃了教室。
He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。
after 意為在之后,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如:
After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about. 你(們)用過了塑料袋之后,不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。
He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。
注:若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài),例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
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3. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為自從,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句常用一般過去時(shí)。eg.
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自從我們開始做飯起,我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。
We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。
注:常用句型:It is +時(shí)間段+since從句 譯為:自從有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。eg.
It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。
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4. until 意為直到時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句常用否定形式,notuntil 意為直到才,這時(shí)的until可以用before 來替換。例如:
I'll stay here until you come back. 我會(huì)呆在這里,直到你回來。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))
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5. as soon as 意為一就,表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。
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6. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,常譯為與同時(shí),在期間,while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。eg.
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí),他們沖了進(jìn)來。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí),爸爸正在清洗汽車。
注:while也可以作并列連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于but,譯為然而。eg.
I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜歡聽音樂,而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
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7. till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為直到為止,not till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為直到才。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束,用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開始,用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。eg.
I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。
We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.
我們要等到他來了,再開始我們的討論。
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(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if 意為如果,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我們就騎自行車去那里。
If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。
(3)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
常用where(哪里)和wherever(無論哪里)eg.
Where there is a will,
語(yǔ)法狀語(yǔ)從句用法小結(jié)之一
一、什么是狀語(yǔ)從句?
用一個(gè)句子(從句)來作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語(yǔ),用作狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類型的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:條件狀語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來作條件狀語(yǔ)。
二、狀語(yǔ)從句的分類。
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具體用法如下:
1. when 意為當(dāng)時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(們)來看我時(shí),我感到很高興。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. 你(們)過街道時(shí),一定要小心。
when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。eg.
He was working at the table when I went in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí),有人敲門。
I will visit my good friend when I have time. 當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 當(dāng)我在上海時(shí),我為一家外國(guó)企業(yè)工作。
注:when也可以作并列連詞,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。eg.
I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.
我正在河邊釣魚,就在那時(shí)有人求救。
We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作,突然燈都熄滅了。
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2. before 意為在之前,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前,我們打掃了教室。
He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。
after 意為在之后,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如:
After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about. 你(們)用過了塑料袋之后,不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。
He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。
注:若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài),例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
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3. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為自從,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句常用一般過去時(shí)。eg.
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自從我們開始做飯起,我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。
We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。
注:常用句型:It is +時(shí)間段+since從句 譯為:自從有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。eg.
It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。
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4. until 意為直到時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句常用否定形式,notuntil 意為直到才,這時(shí)的until可以用before 來替換。例如:
I'll stay here until you come back. 我會(huì)呆在這里,直到你回來。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))
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5. as soon as 意為一就,表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。
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6. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,常譯為與同時(shí),在期間,while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。eg.
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí),他們沖了進(jìn)來。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí),爸爸正在清洗汽車。
注:while也可以作并列連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于but,譯為然而。eg.
I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜歡聽音樂,而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
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7. till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為直到為止,not till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,譯為直到才。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束,用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開始,用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。eg.
I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。
We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.
我們要等到他來了,再開始我們的討論。
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(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if 意為如果,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我們就騎自行車去那里。
If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。
(3)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)
常用where(哪里)和wherever(無論哪里)eg.
Where there is a will,