2010年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講三十四:省略與替代
Ⅰ、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略
1.在下列動(dòng)詞see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做賓補(bǔ),要省略不定式符號(hào)。
2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的結(jié)構(gòu)中,在介詞but或except后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式符號(hào)要省略。
3.在would rather和had better后不定式符號(hào)要省略。
4.在幾個(gè)不定式并列時(shí),第二個(gè)、第三個(gè)不定式的不定式符號(hào)要省略。
5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be going 等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組后接的不定式中,不定式符號(hào)后面的動(dòng)詞原形常省略。
Ⅱ、從句中的省略
1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中可以省略主謂部分。
Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
He wont come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)
2. 在if引起的從句中如有等詞倒裝時(shí),省略if。
Were I you, I would not do it.
Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
If you dont go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
4.賓語(yǔ)從句中連詞that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that、which,whom等
在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓與可以省略that。
Ⅲ、介詞的省略
prevent sb (from) doing sth.
stop sb (from) doing sth.
have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
spend time / money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
Ⅳ、替代
省略與代替的作用是什么?
1.so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達(dá)過(guò)的詞,短語(yǔ)或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動(dòng)詞有:hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.
2.用not代替so的情況.
3.用不定式符號(hào)代替不定式.
4.用do在句子中代替其它動(dòng)詞.
Ⅰ、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略
1.在下列動(dòng)詞see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做賓補(bǔ),要省略不定式符號(hào)。
2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的結(jié)構(gòu)中,在介詞but或except后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式符號(hào)要省略。
3.在would rather和had better后不定式符號(hào)要省略。
4.在幾個(gè)不定式并列時(shí),第二個(gè)、第三個(gè)不定式的不定式符號(hào)要省略。
5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be going 等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組后接的不定式中,不定式符號(hào)后面的動(dòng)詞原形常省略。
Ⅱ、從句中的省略
1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中可以省略主謂部分。
Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
He wont come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)
2. 在if引起的從句中如有等詞倒裝時(shí),省略if。
Were I you, I would not do it.
Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
If you dont go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
4.賓語(yǔ)從句中連詞that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that、which,whom等
在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓與可以省略that。
Ⅲ、介詞的省略
prevent sb (from) doing sth.
stop sb (from) doing sth.
have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
spend time / money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
Ⅳ、替代
省略與代替的作用是什么?
1.so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達(dá)過(guò)的詞,短語(yǔ)或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動(dòng)詞有:hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.
2.用not代替so的情況.
3.用不定式符號(hào)代替不定式.
4.用do在句子中代替其它動(dòng)詞.