高考語法講解：動詞八大詞態解析
動詞八大詞態
一、一般現在時
一般現在時的形式
Do/does/ am/is/are have/has
一般現在時的功用 :
1. 表示一直發生的事情，經常發生的動作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
2. 表示客觀事實或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3. 談論時間表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 oclock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4. 談論籍貫、國籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪國人？我是中國人。
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是廣州人。
時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,
Eg I get up at 8 oclock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
二、一般過去時
一般過去時是表示在說話時間以前發生的動作或者狀態的動詞時態，它是英語時態體系中最重要的時態之一。
一般過去時動詞的構成形式：
did was/were had
在英語當中有一部分動詞的過去式變化形式是不規則的，這類動詞被稱為不規則動詞。總數大概不過200多個，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：
1》 AAA式：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞有兩種形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 ABB式
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》ABC式
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
4》ABA式
come came come
become became become
run ran run
一般過去時的功用:
1） 表示一個沒指明具體時間的過去的行動，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (沒說明起始時間，但是現在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?
2) 表示在過去特定的時間結束的行動，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.
When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.
Where have you been?
Ive been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示過去的習慣 :
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
Eg
I saw Tom playing football yesterday.
The war broke out 3 years ago.
三、現在完成時
現在完成時的形式:
Have/has done
現在完成時的功用 :
現在完成時可以說成是兼有現在與過去意義的一種復合時態。它與現在有密切聯系，如：
Oh, dear, Ive forgotten her name.
和現在的聯系就是 I dont remember her name now.
Fort has gone to Canada.
和現在的聯系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.
1) 表示延續到現在的動作 （有時是總計做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示開始與過去而在說話時刻結束的行動，如：
I havent seen you for ages. 我好久沒見到你了。（說話時刻已經見到了）
This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也許從說話開始時刻就要打掃它了)
3) 表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，如：
The window has broken.
4) 和最高級連用，表示到現在為止是最的
What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.
Is it a thick book?
Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time, Its the first time 連用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
Is this the first time youve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it.
6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副詞連用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)
Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
Dont forget to mail the letter, will you?
Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比預料的要快)
7）與since 或for+一段時間 連用，since 表示與某一時刻或從句連用，表示從那一刻到說話時為止，它總是與完成時連用，如：
She has been here since 6 oclock.
Since I was a child I have lived in England.
I have read the novel for 3 hours.
四、過去完成時
had done
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即過去的過去。
例句：
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
注意:過去完成時是一個相對的時態。必須有時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 或則是有一個過去式可做參照，而且動作發生在這個過去式之前。
如：
I had learned 2000 words by the end of last week.
When we got there, the train had left.
五、現在進行時
am/is/are doing
現在進行時的功用 :
1） 表示說話時正在發生或者進行的動作
Please dont make so much noise, Im studying.
Lets get out. It isnt raining any more.
2) 表示在現在相對較長一段時間內正在進行的動作，但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動作，在說話時并不一定在發生或進行，而是在包括說話的一剎那在內的一段時間內發生、進行的。
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I cant. Im working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來表示。但是談論已確定的安排時候，用現在進行時態顯得更加自然，除非受到動詞的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
時間狀語now, at this time, these days, etc.
六、過去進行時
過去進行時的構成形式為：
was/were doing
過去進行時的功用 :
1） 表示在過去某個時間或則某段時間正在進行的動作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?
2) 過去進行時和一般過去時連用，表示在一個動作發生的過程中，發生了另一個動作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 過去一般時所說明的動作是已經完成的，而過去進行時不表示正在進行的動作一定會完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.
時間狀語 at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
We were reading books when the teacher came in.
七、一般將來時
1．一般將來時的基本概念
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態，或將來某一段時間內經常的動作或狀態。一般將來時由助動詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動詞原形構成。Shall/will do
2．一般將來時的形式
●will 常簡略為 ll，并與主語連寫在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。
●一般疑問句如用will you？其簡略答語須是Yes，I will或 No，I will not；
如用 Shall you？（較少見）其簡略答語須是 Yes，I shall．或 No， I shall not
3．一般將來時的用法
1）表示將來的動作或狀態
2）表示將來經常發生的動作。
時間狀語
from now on, in the future tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.等。
4．一般將來時的其他用法
1）be going to+動詞原形表示即將發生的或最近打算進行的事。例如：
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會。
2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用進行時態表示近期的確定的計劃安排，例如：
Im leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
3）be to+動詞原形表示按計劃要發生的事或征求對方意見。例如：
①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續干嗎？
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學。
4）be about to+動詞原形表示即將發生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。例如：
We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。
5）某些詞，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般現在時也可表示將來，表示按時刻表進行。
①The meeting starts at five oclock.會議五點開始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車
八、過去將來時
過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。
1過去將來時的構成
Would/should do was/were going to do
例句：
I didnt know if he would come.
=I didnt know if he was going to come.
我不知道他是否會來。
She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.
她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。
She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.
她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。
I didnt know how to do it. What would be their ideas？
我不知如何去做，他們會有什么想法呢？
2.過去將來時常可用來表示過去習慣性的動作。此時，不管什么人稱，一律用would
This door wouldnt open.
這扇門老是打不開。
Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.
他一有時間，總是看書。
I would play with him when I was a child.
當我還是孩童時，總是和他一起玩。
時間狀語
the next day(morning, year),the following month(week)
動詞八大詞態
一、一般現在時
一般現在時的形式
Do/does/ am/is/are have/has
一般現在時的功用 :
1. 表示一直發生的事情，經常發生的動作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
2. 表示客觀事實或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3. 談論時間表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 oclock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4. 談論籍貫、國籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪國人？我是中國人。
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是廣州人。
時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,
Eg I get up at 8 oclock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
二、一般過去時
一般過去時是表示在說話時間以前發生的動作或者狀態的動詞時態，它是英語時態體系中最重要的時態之一。
一般過去時動詞的構成形式：
did was/were had
在英語當中有一部分動詞的過去式變化形式是不規則的，這類動詞被稱為不規則動詞。總數大概不過200多個，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：
1》 AAA式：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞有兩種形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 ABB式
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》ABC式
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
4》ABA式
come came come
become became become
run ran run
一般過去時的功用:
1） 表示一個沒指明具體時間的過去的行動，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (沒說明起始時間，但是現在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?
2) 表示在過去特定的時間結束的行動，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.
When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.
Where have you been?
Ive been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示過去的習慣 :
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
Eg
I saw Tom playing football yesterday.
The war broke out 3 years ago.
三、現在完成時
現在完成時的形式:
Have/has done
現在完成時的功用 :
現在完成時可以說成是兼有現在與過去意義的一種復合時態。它與現在有密切聯系，如：
Oh, dear, Ive forgotten her name.
和現在的聯系就是 I dont remember her name now.
Fort has gone to Canada.
和現在的聯系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.
1) 表示延續到現在的動作 （有時是總計做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示開始與過去而在說話時刻結束的行動，如：
I havent seen you for ages. 我好久沒見到你了。（說話時刻已經見到了）
This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也許從說話開始時刻就要打掃它了)
3) 表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，如：
The window has broken.
4) 和最高級連用，表示到現在為止是最的
What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.
Is it a thick book?
Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time, Its the first time 連用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
Is this the first time youve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it.
6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副詞連用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)
Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
Dont forget to mail the letter, will you?
Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比預料的要快)
7）與since 或for+一段時間 連用，since 表示與某一時刻或從句連用，表示從那一刻到說話時為止，它總是與完成時連用，如：
She has been here since 6 oclock.
Since I was a child I have lived in England.
I have read the novel for 3 hours.
四、過去完成時
had done
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即過去的過去。
例句：
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
注意:過去完成時是一個相對的時態。必須有時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 或則是有一個過去式可做參照，而且動作發生在這個過去式之前。
如：
I had learned 2000 words by the end of last week.
When we got there, the train had left.
五、現在進行時
am/is/are doing
現在進行時的功用 :
1） 表示說話時正在發生或者進行的動作
Please dont make so much noise, Im studying.
Lets get out. It isnt raining any more.
2) 表示在現在相對較長一段時間內正在進行的動作，但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動作，在說話時并不一定在發生或進行，而是在包括說話的一剎那在內的一段時間內發生、進行的。
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I cant. Im working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來表示。但是談論已確定的安排時候，用現在進行時態顯得更加自然，除非受到動詞的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
時間狀語now, at this time, these days, etc.
六、過去進行時
過去進行時的構成形式為：
was/were doing
過去進行時的功用 :
1） 表示在過去某個時間或則某段時間正在進行的動作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?
2) 過去進行時和一般過去時連用，表示在一個動作發生的過程中，發生了另一個動作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 過去一般時所說明的動作是已經完成的，而過去進行時不表示正在進行的動作一定會完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.
時間狀語 at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
We were reading books when the teacher came in.
七、一般將來時
1．一般將來時的基本概念
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態，或將來某一段時間內經常的動作或狀態。一般將來時由助動詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動詞原形構成。Shall/will do
2．一般將來時的形式
●will 常簡略為 ll，并與主語連寫在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。
●一般疑問句如用will you？其簡略答語須是Yes，I will或 No，I will not；
如用 Shall you？（較少見）其簡略答語須是 Yes，I shall．或 No， I shall not
3．一般將來時的用法
1）表示將來的動作或狀態
2）表示將來經常發生的動作。
時間狀語
from now on, in the future tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.等。
4．一般將來時的其他用法
1）be going to+動詞原形表示即將發生的或最近打算進行的事。例如：
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會。
2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用進行時態表示近期的確定的計劃安排，例如：
Im leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
3）be to+動詞原形表示按計劃要發生的事或征求對方意見。例如：
①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續干嗎？
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學。
4）be about to+動詞原形表示即將發生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。例如：
We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。
5）某些詞，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般現在時也可表示將來，表示按時刻表進行。
①The meeting starts at five oclock.會議五點開始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車
八、過去將來時
過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。
1過去將來時的構成
Would/should do was/were going to do
例句：
I didnt know if he would come.
=I didnt know if he was going to come.
我不知道他是否會來。
She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.
她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。
She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.
她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。
I didnt know how to do it. What would be their ideas？
我不知如何去做，他們會有什么想法呢？
2.過去將來時常可用來表示過去習慣性的動作。此時，不管什么人稱，一律用would
This door wouldnt open.
這扇門老是打不開。
Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.
他一有時間，總是看書。
I would play with him when I was a child.
當我還是孩童時，總是和他一起玩。
時間狀語
the next day(morning, year),the following month(week)
