牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z語法:252 too，enough以及so…as 之后的不定式
A too+形容詞/副詞+不定式
1 too+形容詞+不定式
(a)不定式可以是指句子的主語而言，此時(shí)它具有主動(dòng)含義：
You are too young to understand.
你太年輕了沒法懂得(這件事)。
He was too drunk to drive home.
他醉得太厲害了，沒法開車回家。
(b)不定式也可以指動(dòng)詞的賓語而言，此時(shí)它具有被動(dòng)的含義：
The plate was so hot that we couldnt touch it.
盤子太燙，碰不得。
可以表示為：
The plate was too hot to touch.
盤子燙得沒法碰。
注意：第一句中touch的賓語it在第二句的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)里消失了，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ诫m然形式上是主動(dòng)的，在含義上卻是被動(dòng)的。
有時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式都可用：
This parcel is too heavy to send/to be sent by post.
這個(gè)包裹太重了，不能郵寄。
但并不是在任何情況下以上兩種形式都可用，學(xué)生因此最好一律使用不定式的主動(dòng)式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式之前可以加上for+名詞/代詞：
The case was too heavy(for a child) to carry.相當(dāng)于：
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
箱子太重了，孩子搬不動(dòng)。
(c)與此類似的情況是，不定式可以指介詞的賓語而言：
The grass was so wet that we couldnt sit on it.
草地濕得沒法坐。
The grass was too wet(for us) to sit on.
草地太濕了，(我們)不能坐。
The light is so weak that we cant read by it.
光線太暗了，我們無法看書。
The light is too weak to read by.
光線太暗，不能看書。
2 too+形容詞+a+名詞+不定式
He was too shrewd a businessman to accept the first offer.相當(dāng)于：
As a businessman he was too shrewd to accept the first offer.
他是一個(gè)極為精明的生意人，不會(huì)接受第一次報(bào)價(jià)。
He is too experienced a conductor to mind what the critics say.相當(dāng)于：
As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.
他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的指揮家，根本不會(huì)在乎評(píng)論家的意見。
如以上A1中那樣，這里的不定式總是指主語而言。這里也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)式：
He was too experienced a conductor to be worried by what the critics said.
他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)極為豐富的指揮家，不至于為批評(píng)家們的意見犯愁。
3 too+副詞+不定式
It is too soon(for me) to say whether the scheme will succeed or not.
現(xiàn)在要我來說計(jì)劃能否成功還為時(shí)過早。
He spoke too quickly for me to understand.
他說得太快了，我聽不懂。(這里for me是必要的。)
She works too slowly to be much use to me.
她干活太慢，對(duì)我不會(huì)有多大幫助。
B 形容詞/副詞+enough+不定式
1 形容詞+enough+不定式
(a)如在too結(jié)構(gòu)中一樣，不定式可以指動(dòng)詞的主語而言：
She is old enough to travel by herself.
她已經(jīng)到了可以自己出門旅行的年齡了。
He was tall enough to see over the heads of the other people.
他身材高得可以從別人頭頂上看過去。
(b)這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以指動(dòng)詞的賓語而言：
The case is light enough for me to carry.相當(dāng)于：
The case is so light that I can carry it.
這箱子很輕，我搬得動(dòng)。
After a few minutes the coffee was cool enough(for us) to drink.
幾分鐘后，咖啡涼了一些，(我們)可以喝了。
(c)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以指介詞的賓語而言：
The ice was thick enough to walk on.
冰厚得上面可以走人。
The light was strong enough to read by.
光線亮得足可以看書。
2 enough既可作代詞用，也可作形容詞用：
He doesnt earn enough(money) to live on.
他掙的錢不夠過日子的。
We havent enough time to do it properly.
我們沒有足夠的時(shí)間把這件事做好。
She had enough sense to turn off the gas.
她還有點(diǎn)腦筋，知道關(guān)掉煤氣。
have+enough+抽象名詞結(jié)構(gòu)常常可以用have+the+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)替代：
She had the sense to turn off the gas.
她還有點(diǎn)腦筋，知道關(guān)掉煤氣。
He had the courage to admit his mistake.
他有勇氣承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。
I hadnt the patience to listen to any more.
我沒有耐心再聽下去了。
但這里time之前的the可省略：
We havent(the)time to do it properly.
我們沒有足夠的時(shí)間把這件事做好。
3 副詞+enough+不定式：
He didnt jump high enough to win a prize.
他跳得不夠高，沒能得獎(jiǎng)。
He spoke slowly enough for everyone to understand.
他說得很慢，每個(gè)人都聽得懂。
C so+形容詞+as+不定式：
He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
他真傻，車都沒有鎖。
這種說法可用來代替上面B1中的enough結(jié)構(gòu)，但必須注意He was foolish enough to leave his car unlocked的含義既可以是他實(shí)際這樣做了，也可以是他可能這樣做，即他傻到竟會(huì)不知道鎖車的地步;而 He was so foolish as to leave則意指他實(shí)際上這樣做了。
像上邊講的soas結(jié)構(gòu)的那種用法不常見，但它用為一種請(qǐng)求形式則是很常見的：
Would you be so good as to forward my letters?相當(dāng)于：
Would you be good enough to forward my letters?
勞駕把我的信件轉(zhuǎn)給我，好嗎?
這兩種形式之間并無含義上的差別，但千萬不要遺漏as。(
A too+形容詞/副詞+不定式
1 too+形容詞+不定式
(a)不定式可以是指句子的主語而言，此時(shí)它具有主動(dòng)含義：
You are too young to understand.
你太年輕了沒法懂得(這件事)。
He was too drunk to drive home.
他醉得太厲害了，沒法開車回家。
(b)不定式也可以指動(dòng)詞的賓語而言，此時(shí)它具有被動(dòng)的含義：
The plate was so hot that we couldnt touch it.
盤子太燙，碰不得。
可以表示為：
The plate was too hot to touch.
盤子燙得沒法碰。
注意：第一句中touch的賓語it在第二句的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)里消失了，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ诫m然形式上是主動(dòng)的，在含義上卻是被動(dòng)的。
有時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式都可用：
This parcel is too heavy to send/to be sent by post.
這個(gè)包裹太重了，不能郵寄。
但并不是在任何情況下以上兩種形式都可用，學(xué)生因此最好一律使用不定式的主動(dòng)式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式之前可以加上for+名詞/代詞：
The case was too heavy(for a child) to carry.相當(dāng)于：
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
箱子太重了，孩子搬不動(dòng)。
(c)與此類似的情況是，不定式可以指介詞的賓語而言：
The grass was so wet that we couldnt sit on it.
草地濕得沒法坐。
The grass was too wet(for us) to sit on.
草地太濕了，(我們)不能坐。
The light is so weak that we cant read by it.
光線太暗了，我們無法看書。
The light is too weak to read by.
光線太暗，不能看書。
2 too+形容詞+a+名詞+不定式
He was too shrewd a businessman to accept the first offer.相當(dāng)于：
As a businessman he was too shrewd to accept the first offer.
他是一個(gè)極為精明的生意人，不會(huì)接受第一次報(bào)價(jià)。
He is too experienced a conductor to mind what the critics say.相當(dāng)于：
As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.
他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的指揮家，根本不會(huì)在乎評(píng)論家的意見。
如以上A1中那樣，這里的不定式總是指主語而言。這里也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)式：
He was too experienced a conductor to be worried by what the critics said.
他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)極為豐富的指揮家，不至于為批評(píng)家們的意見犯愁。
3 too+副詞+不定式
It is too soon(for me) to say whether the scheme will succeed or not.
現(xiàn)在要我來說計(jì)劃能否成功還為時(shí)過早。
He spoke too quickly for me to understand.
他說得太快了，我聽不懂。(這里for me是必要的。)
She works too slowly to be much use to me.
她干活太慢，對(duì)我不會(huì)有多大幫助。
B 形容詞/副詞+enough+不定式
1 形容詞+enough+不定式
(a)如在too結(jié)構(gòu)中一樣，不定式可以指動(dòng)詞的主語而言：
She is old enough to travel by herself.
她已經(jīng)到了可以自己出門旅行的年齡了。
He was tall enough to see over the heads of the other people.
他身材高得可以從別人頭頂上看過去。
(b)這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以指動(dòng)詞的賓語而言：
The case is light enough for me to carry.相當(dāng)于：
The case is so light that I can carry it.
這箱子很輕，我搬得動(dòng)。
After a few minutes the coffee was cool enough(for us) to drink.
幾分鐘后，咖啡涼了一些，(我們)可以喝了。
(c)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以指介詞的賓語而言：
The ice was thick enough to walk on.
冰厚得上面可以走人。
The light was strong enough to read by.
光線亮得足可以看書。
2 enough既可作代詞用，也可作形容詞用：
He doesnt earn enough(money) to live on.
他掙的錢不夠過日子的。
We havent enough time to do it properly.
我們沒有足夠的時(shí)間把這件事做好。
She had enough sense to turn off the gas.
她還有點(diǎn)腦筋，知道關(guān)掉煤氣。
have+enough+抽象名詞結(jié)構(gòu)常常可以用have+the+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)替代：
She had the sense to turn off the gas.
她還有點(diǎn)腦筋，知道關(guān)掉煤氣。
He had the courage to admit his mistake.
他有勇氣承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。
I hadnt the patience to listen to any more.
我沒有耐心再聽下去了。
但這里time之前的the可省略：
We havent(the)time to do it properly.
我們沒有足夠的時(shí)間把這件事做好。
3 副詞+enough+不定式：
He didnt jump high enough to win a prize.
他跳得不夠高，沒能得獎(jiǎng)。
He spoke slowly enough for everyone to understand.
他說得很慢，每個(gè)人都聽得懂。
C so+形容詞+as+不定式：
He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
他真傻，車都沒有鎖。
這種說法可用來代替上面B1中的enough結(jié)構(gòu)，但必須注意He was foolish enough to leave his car unlocked的含義既可以是他實(shí)際這樣做了，也可以是他可能這樣做，即他傻到竟會(huì)不知道鎖車的地步;而 He was so foolish as to leave則意指他實(shí)際上這樣做了。
像上邊講的soas結(jié)構(gòu)的那種用法不常見，但它用為一種請(qǐng)求形式則是很常見的：
Would you be so good as to forward my letters?相當(dāng)于：
Would you be good enough to forward my letters?
勞駕把我的信件轉(zhuǎn)給我，好嗎?
這兩種形式之間并無含義上的差別，但千萬不要遺漏as。(
