同義句轉換的九種類型

　　同義句轉換的九種類型

　　 同義句轉換題是近幾年中考英語的一個常考題型,其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子,第一句完整,第二句中設有幾處空格,要求考生填入適當的詞或詞組,使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查考生的語法、詞匯、短語或習慣用語和句型結構等知識,要求運用所學的詞匯、語法知識和句型結構填寫句子,使句子結構完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉換題的分析,我們發現中考英語同義句轉換題主要考查以下幾個方面:

　　 一、運用同義詞(組)進行轉換

　　 用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換,注意轉換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應。如:

　　 1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

　　 That day we could see flowers __________.

　　 分析:答案為everywhere。everywhere與here and there都表示到處。

　　 2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　 The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.

　　 分析:答案為looks after。take good care of與look afterwell都表示好好照顧。

　　 二、運用反義詞(組)的否定式進行轉換

　　 即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思,主要考查學生對反義詞(詞組)的積累和換位思維的能力。如:

　　 1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　 Its clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　 分析:答案為same as。be different from意為與不同the same as意為與相同,其否定式與be different from同義。

　　 2. I think wealth is less important than health.

　　 I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　 分析:答案為dont,more。less important的意思是沒有(不及)重要more important的意思是(比)更重要,該結構與not連用,則表示不比更重要。

　　 另外,有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用,而只需改變句子結構也可構成同義句。如:

　　 He lent some money to his friend.

　　 He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　 分析:答案為borrowed,from。borrowfrom意為向借lendto意為把借給。兩個結構意思相反,但若變換借出者與借入者的位置,則可轉換為同義句。

　　 三、運用不同語態進行轉換

　　 即運用主動語態與被動語態的變化來轉換同義詞,但此時要特別注意時態、動詞一致性。如:

　　 1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　 Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　 分析:答案為be given back。被動句中含有情態動詞should,因此助動詞用be。

　　 2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　 Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　 分析:答案為are,used。computers是復數名詞,助動詞用are。

　　 四、非延續性動詞與延續性動詞的相互轉換

　　 即非延續性動詞與延續性動詞進行轉換,此時往往會涉及時態的變化。如:

　　 1. The manager left two hours ago.

　　 The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　 分析:答案為has been away。leave為非延續性動詞,不能與for two hours這樣的一段時間連用,而改成be away這樣的延續性動詞后,則可連用一段時間。

　　 2. The film began five minutes ago.

　　 The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　 分析:答案為on for。has been提示時態是現在完成時態,for+時間段表示持續(一段時間),常用在含有現在完成時態的句子里。

　　 3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　 Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　 答案:has been in。短暫動詞join,意為參加、加入(組織,政黨),不能與延續時間狀語連用,與延續性時間狀語連用時,將join改成be in或be a member in。

　　 五、運用不同引語進行轉換

　　 即將直接引語變為間接引語或將間接引語轉換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關時態、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應的變化。如:

　　 1. Ive found my wallet, he said to me.

　　 He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　 分析:答案為told,had found。此題是將直接引語轉換成間接引語。

　　 2. Did you see her last week? he said.

　　 He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　 分析:答案為asked if/ whether, before。此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉換成間接引語。

　　 六、運用簡單句與復合句之間的轉換

　　 即將簡單句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的簡單句。如:

　　 1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　 We didnt go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　 分析:答案為because of。將原因狀語從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。

　　 2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep.

　　 He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　 分析:答案為too excited to。將sothat換成tooto結構,原句的that從句為結果狀語從句,改寫句中的不定式仍表結果。

　　 3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　 Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　 分析:答案為how you can。即將原句中的疑問詞+不定式結構轉換成賓語從句。

　　 4. You should put them back after you use them.

　　 You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　 分析:答案為after using。即將after引導的狀語從句改寫為after引導的介詞短語。

　　 七、運用并列句與復合句之間的轉換

　　 即將并列句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的并列句。如:

　　 1. Come on, or well miss the early bus.

　　 ____ we ____ hurry, well miss the early bus.

　　 分析:答案為If,dont。if引導條件狀語從句。

　　 2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

　　 The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

　　 分析:答案為who/ that,will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句,修飾先行詞the man。

　　 八、運用關聯連詞連接或合并句子

　　 即運用關聯連詞bothand,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是,bothand連接兩個主語時,謂語總是用復數,而neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞通常應與靠近的主語保持一致。如:

　　 1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either.

　　 ______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　 分析:答案填Neither,nor。neithernor表示和(兩者)都不,剛好與原句的兩個否定結構的意思相吻合。

　　 2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　 ______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　 分析:答案為Both,and。bothand的意思是和(兩者)都。

　　 3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes.

　　 This store sells ______ ______ mens shoes ______ ______ mens clothes.

　　 分析:答案為not only,but also。表示不僅而且之意。

　　 九、利用某些典型句式或結構進行轉換

　　 這類典型結構如sothat,tooto,enough to,notuntil,so do I等。如:

　　 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　 Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

　　 分析:答案為so do。句意為他的父母也一樣(一樣想去)。

　　 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

　　 John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

　　 分析:答案為didnt,until。notuntil意為直到才。

　　同義句轉換的九種類型

　　 同義句轉換題是近幾年中考英語的一個常考題型,其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子,第一句完整,第二句中設有幾處空格,要求考生填入適當的詞或詞組,使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查考生的語法、詞匯、短語或習慣用語和句型結構等知識,要求運用所學的詞匯、語法知識和句型結構填寫句子,使句子結構完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉換題的分析,我們發現中考英語同義句轉換題主要考查以下幾個方面:

　　 一、運用同義詞(組)進行轉換

　　 用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換,注意轉換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應。如:

　　 1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

　　 That day we could see flowers __________.

　　 分析:答案為everywhere。everywhere與here and there都表示到處。

　　 2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　 The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.

　　 分析:答案為looks after。take good care of與look afterwell都表示好好照顧。

　　 二、運用反義詞(組)的否定式進行轉換

　　 即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思,主要考查學生對反義詞(詞組)的積累和換位思維的能力。如:

　　 1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　 Its clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　 分析:答案為same as。be different from意為與不同the same as意為與相同,其否定式與be different from同義。

　　 2. I think wealth is less important than health.

　　 I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　 分析:答案為dont,more。less important的意思是沒有(不及)重要more important的意思是(比)更重要,該結構與not連用,則表示不比更重要。

　　 另外,有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用,而只需改變句子結構也可構成同義句。如:

　　 He lent some money to his friend.

　　 He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　 分析:答案為borrowed,from。borrowfrom意為向借lendto意為把借給。兩個結構意思相反,但若變換借出者與借入者的位置,則可轉換為同義句。

　　 三、運用不同語態進行轉換

　　 即運用主動語態與被動語態的變化來轉換同義詞,但此時要特別注意時態、動詞一致性。如:

　　 1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　 Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　 分析:答案為be given back。被動句中含有情態動詞should,因此助動詞用be。

　　 2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　 Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　 分析:答案為are,used。computers是復數名詞,助動詞用are。

　　 四、非延續性動詞與延續性動詞的相互轉換

　　 即非延續性動詞與延續性動詞進行轉換,此時往往會涉及時態的變化。如:

　　 1. The manager left two hours ago.

　　 The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　 分析:答案為has been away。leave為非延續性動詞,不能與for two hours這樣的一段時間連用,而改成be away這樣的延續性動詞后,則可連用一段時間。

　　 2. The film began five minutes ago.

　　 The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　 分析:答案為on for。has been提示時態是現在完成時態,for+時間段表示持續(一段時間),常用在含有現在完成時態的句子里。

　　 3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　 Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　 答案:has been in。短暫動詞join,意為參加、加入(組織,政黨),不能與延續時間狀語連用,與延續性時間狀語連用時,將join改成be in或be a member in。

　　 五、運用不同引語進行轉換

　　 即將直接引語變為間接引語或將間接引語轉換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關時態、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應的變化。如:

　　 1. Ive found my wallet, he said to me.

　　 He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　 分析:答案為told,had found。此題是將直接引語轉換成間接引語。

　　 2. Did you see her last week? he said.

　　 He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　 分析:答案為asked if/ whether, before。此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉換成間接引語。

　　 六、運用簡單句與復合句之間的轉換

　　 即將簡單句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的簡單句。如:

　　 1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　 We didnt go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　 分析:答案為because of。將原因狀語從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。

　　 2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep.

　　 He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　 分析:答案為too excited to。將sothat換成tooto結構,原句的that從句為結果狀語從句,改寫句中的不定式仍表結果。

　　 3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　 Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　 分析:答案為how you can。即將原句中的疑問詞+不定式結構轉換成賓語從句。

　　 4. You should put them back after you use them.

　　 You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　 分析:答案為after using。即將after引導的狀語從句改寫為after引導的介詞短語。

　　 七、運用并列句與復合句之間的轉換

　　 即將并列句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的并列句。如:

　　 1. Come on, or well miss the early bus.

　　 ____ we ____ hurry, well miss the early bus.

　　 分析:答案為If,dont。if引導條件狀語從句。

　　 2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

　　 The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

　　 分析:答案為who/ that,will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句,修飾先行詞the man。

　　 八、運用關聯連詞連接或合并句子

　　 即運用關聯連詞bothand,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是,bothand連接兩個主語時,謂語總是用復數,而neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞通常應與靠近的主語保持一致。如:

　　 1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either.

　　 ______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　 分析:答案填Neither,nor。neithernor表示和(兩者)都不,剛好與原句的兩個否定結構的意思相吻合。

　　 2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　 ______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　 分析:答案為Both,and。bothand的意思是和(兩者)都。

　　 3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes.

　　 This store sells ______ ______ mens shoes ______ ______ mens clothes.

　　 分析:答案為not only,but also。表示不僅而且之意。

　　 九、利用某些典型句式或結構進行轉換

　　 這類典型結構如sothat,tooto,enough to,notuntil,so do I等。如:

　　 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　 Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

　　 分析:答案為so do。句意為他的父母也一樣(一樣想去)。

　　 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

　　 John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

　　 分析:答案為didnt,until。notuntil意為直到才。