2009中考英語備考復習指導之語法集錦
從句之要素
從語法結構的角度看，任何從句都有三個要素，即時態與主句要響應，關聯詞使用要恰當，主要結構不倒裝。
規則動詞加Ed的讀音
清讀[t]，濁元[d]
t、d后面讀[id]
一句話記名詞所有格的構成分式和用法
The children's teacher asked a friend of tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.
一句話記清輔音濁化
Some youths are walking along the paths to have baths in the houses with something in their mouths.
加-ing要雙寫的常見動詞
一個m，兩個d和g
(swim) (nod，rid) (dig，beg)
三n，四p，十個t
(run，win，begin)
(dip，drop，mop，stop)
(sit，hit，fit，set，get，let，put，regret，forget，pat)
五種基本句型歌
英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。
句型種類為動詞，后接什么是關鍵；
系詞后面接表語；vi獨身無牽連；
vt又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見，
還有賓語補足語；各種搭配記心間。
五種基本句型：
1.主語+系動詞+表語 2.主語+不及物動詞
3.主語+及物動詞+賓語
4.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
5.主語+及物動詞+賓語1+賓語2
對劃線部分提問的程序
一代（用疑問詞代替劃線部分），
二移（把疑問詞移至句首）
三倒（顛倒主謂語，但對主語或其定語提問時除外）
四抄（照抄其它部分）
直接引語轉換為間接引語時人稱代詞轉換規律
一從主 He said to Tom，I can help them.
He said to Tom that he could help them.
二從賓 He said to her，You can help them.
He told her that she could help them.
三不變 He said to Tom，They can help them.
He told Tom that they could help them.
祈使句變為間接引語的規律
一改 （主句謂語動詞）
二變 （呼語為間接賓語）
三加 （to）
四去 （please）
不帶to的不定式作賓補
不定式，不帶to，九個動詞要記住，
一聽（hear）二看（see，watch）三感覺（feel，notice，observe），make，let和have；
作賓補，是禿頭；當主補時要帶to.
before和ago巧記
before帶在點之前，ago總在段之后。
before時態不確定，過去時中用ago。
be在現在時中與人稱的搭配
我是am，你是are，is跟隨著他，她，它。
復數后面用什么，統統都是一個are。
肯定句變疑問句口訣
是，情，助，移向前，
主語其后把身安，
一般，現在，與過去，
do，does，did添在前，再改謂語為原形。
最后要把問號點。
be made of 和be made from 巧記
物質不變用of，物質變化from，如果物質不明白，可問君自何處來？
要求跟隨動名詞的動詞
(1)megafeps(霉咖啡不吃)，mind，miss，enjoy，give up，admit，avoid，finish，escape，practise.
(2)makes (a) fit speachmind，Avoid，keep，Enjoy，Suggest/Finish，Imagine，Think about，Spend，Practise，Excuse，escape，Can't help
要求跟不定式的動詞
要想干，同意辦，愿意不愿意，決定盡量干。
A要求，想要，希望(want，wish，hope，expect，intend，mean)
B同意(agree，promise)
C意愿(care，hate，refuse)
D決定，企圖(determine，decide，offer，attempt，try，manage)
要求跟不定式作賓補的動詞
(1)勸教命請叫(advise，teach，order，command，ask，tell)
(2)允許又警告(allow，permit，warn)
(3)使役表意向(cause，let，have，make，lead，set，leave，get，wish，want，expect)
(4)知覺動詞妙(feel，hear，watch，see，observe，notice)省卻to
既跟動名詞也跟不定式的動詞
begin，start，continue，forget，remember，regret，intend，like，love，hate，try，mean.
用不定式和動名詞造成的意義上的差別歸為五點：
不定式 動名詞
A）某一具體行動 指一般的、經常的情況
B）表示主語和賓語的動作 可能表示任何人的動作
C）主動 被動
D）未發生的事 已發生的事
E）短暫的或可能進行的事 延續的或重復發生的事
She hated to talk about people's shortcomings.
She hate talking about people's shortcomings.
She wants to repair the desk.
The desk wants repairing.
常見的要求跟動名詞作賓語，跟不定式作賓語的動詞
advise，forbid，understand，suppose，consider，allow，permit.連接首字母即為A Fu's Cap（阿福的帽子）
阿福的帽子，代表七動詞，賓補不定式，賓語動名詞
Ex.-What is it that they permit？
-Some old magazines.
A.taking away B.being taken away
C.to take away D.to be taken away
常見不規則動詞三種形式變化歸類
1.come came come become became become
2.steal stole stolen speak spoke spoken break broke broken
3.drive drove driven write wrote written give gave given
4.swim swan swum spring sprang sprung run ran run begin began begun drink drank drunk
5.blow blew blown grow grew grown know knew known
throw threw thrown show showed shown draw drew drawn
6.bring brought bought fight fought fought think thought thought buy bought bought
7.catch caught caught
8.keep kept kept sweep swept swept leave left left feel felt felt
9.tear tore torn wear wore worn pay paid paid say said said
10.build built built send sent sent lend leant leant dig dug dug win won won sell sold sold tell told told sit sat sat hear heard heard make made made lose lost lost stand stood stood find found found get got got hold held held feed fed fed meet met met lead led led
11.beat beat beaten do did done see saw seen take took taken
12.shut shut shut cost cost cost hit hit hit
從句之要素
從語法結構的角度看，任何從句都有三個要素，即時態與主句要響應，關聯詞使用要恰當，主要結構不倒裝。
規則動詞加Ed的讀音
清讀[t]，濁元[d]
t、d后面讀[id]
一句話記名詞所有格的構成分式和用法
The children's teacher asked a friend of tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.
一句話記清輔音濁化
Some youths are walking along the paths to have baths in the houses with something in their mouths.
加-ing要雙寫的常見動詞
一個m，兩個d和g
(swim) (nod，rid) (dig，beg)
三n，四p，十個t
(run，win，begin)
(dip，drop，mop，stop)
(sit，hit，fit，set，get，let，put，regret，forget，pat)
五種基本句型歌
英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。
句型種類為動詞，后接什么是關鍵；
系詞后面接表語；vi獨身無牽連；
vt又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見，
還有賓語補足語；各種搭配記心間。
五種基本句型：
1.主語+系動詞+表語 2.主語+不及物動詞
3.主語+及物動詞+賓語
4.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
5.主語+及物動詞+賓語1+賓語2
對劃線部分提問的程序
一代（用疑問詞代替劃線部分），
二移（把疑問詞移至句首）
三倒（顛倒主謂語，但對主語或其定語提問時除外）
四抄（照抄其它部分）
直接引語轉換為間接引語時人稱代詞轉換規律
一從主 He said to Tom，I can help them.
He said to Tom that he could help them.
二從賓 He said to her，You can help them.
He told her that she could help them.
三不變 He said to Tom，They can help them.
He told Tom that they could help them.
祈使句變為間接引語的規律
一改 （主句謂語動詞）
二變 （呼語為間接賓語）
三加 （to）
四去 （please）
不帶to的不定式作賓補
不定式，不帶to，九個動詞要記住，
一聽（hear）二看（see，watch）三感覺（feel，notice，observe），make，let和have；
作賓補，是禿頭；當主補時要帶to.
before和ago巧記
before帶在點之前，ago總在段之后。
before時態不確定，過去時中用ago。
be在現在時中與人稱的搭配
我是am，你是are，is跟隨著他，她，它。
復數后面用什么，統統都是一個are。
肯定句變疑問句口訣
是，情，助，移向前，
主語其后把身安，
一般，現在，與過去，
do，does，did添在前，再改謂語為原形。
最后要把問號點。
be made of 和be made from 巧記
物質不變用of，物質變化from，如果物質不明白，可問君自何處來？
要求跟隨動名詞的動詞
(1)megafeps(霉咖啡不吃)，mind，miss，enjoy，give up，admit，avoid，finish，escape，practise.
(2)makes (a) fit speachmind，Avoid，keep，Enjoy，Suggest/Finish，Imagine，Think about，Spend，Practise，Excuse，escape，Can't help
要求跟不定式的動詞
要想干，同意辦，愿意不愿意，決定盡量干。
A要求，想要，希望(want，wish，hope，expect，intend，mean)
B同意(agree，promise)
C意愿(care，hate，refuse)
D決定，企圖(determine，decide，offer，attempt，try，manage)
要求跟不定式作賓補的動詞
(1)勸教命請叫(advise，teach，order，command，ask，tell)
(2)允許又警告(allow，permit，warn)
(3)使役表意向(cause，let，have，make，lead，set，leave，get，wish，want，expect)
(4)知覺動詞妙(feel，hear，watch，see，observe，notice)省卻to
既跟動名詞也跟不定式的動詞
begin，start，continue，forget，remember，regret，intend，like，love，hate，try，mean.
用不定式和動名詞造成的意義上的差別歸為五點：
不定式 動名詞
A）某一具體行動 指一般的、經常的情況
B）表示主語和賓語的動作 可能表示任何人的動作
C）主動 被動
D）未發生的事 已發生的事
E）短暫的或可能進行的事 延續的或重復發生的事
She hated to talk about people's shortcomings.
She hate talking about people's shortcomings.
She wants to repair the desk.
The desk wants repairing.
常見的要求跟動名詞作賓語，跟不定式作賓語的動詞
advise，forbid，understand，suppose，consider，allow，permit.連接首字母即為A Fu's Cap（阿福的帽子）
阿福的帽子，代表七動詞，賓補不定式，賓語動名詞
Ex.-What is it that they permit？
-Some old magazines.
A.taking away B.being taken away
C.to take away D.to be taken away
常見不規則動詞三種形式變化歸類
1.come came come become became become
2.steal stole stolen speak spoke spoken break broke broken
3.drive drove driven write wrote written give gave given
4.swim swan swum spring sprang sprung run ran run begin began begun drink drank drunk
5.blow blew blown grow grew grown know knew known
throw threw thrown show showed shown draw drew drawn
6.bring brought bought fight fought fought think thought thought buy bought bought
7.catch caught caught
8.keep kept kept sweep swept swept leave left left feel felt felt
9.tear tore torn wear wore worn pay paid paid say said said
10.build built built send sent sent lend leant leant dig dug dug win won won sell sold sold tell told told sit sat sat hear heard heard make made made lose lost lost stand stood stood find found found get got got hold held held feed fed fed meet met met lead led led
11.beat beat beaten do did done see saw seen take took taken
12.shut shut shut cost cost cost hit hit hit
