2010中考英語重點語法詞法考點七：形容詞副詞

I.形容詞

一、形容詞的一般用法

1.作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。

Its a cold and windy day.

2.作表語，放在系動詞的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.)

He looks happy today.

3.形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing，everything等復合不定代詞時，須放在其后。

Would you like something hot to drink？

4.表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應放在相應的名詞之后。

How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.

5.只能作表語的形容詞：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightened

The man is ill.（正）

The ill man is my uncle.（誤）

6.只能作定語的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質的；woolen羊毛質的；elder年長的

My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）

My brother is elder. （誤）

7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely

二、形容詞常用句型

1.Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式表示某人（做某事）怎么樣。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth

注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質的形容詞，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正確的），wrong等。

Its very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）

2.Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式表示做某事對某人來說怎么樣。=To do sth is adj for sb .

注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等。

Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）

3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式。

Im very sad to hear the bad news.

4.表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready（樂意的，有準備的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。

Lei Feng is always ready to help others.

He is sure to get to school on time.

Ⅱ副詞

一、副詞的分類

副詞按詞匯意義可分為：

方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly

程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite

地點副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home

時間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still

頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never

否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor

疑問副詞：where，how，why

其他：also，too，only

二、副詞的基本用法：

1).副詞是用來修飾形容詞、其他副詞,一般放在被修飾詞之前.

He plays the piano very well .

2). 副詞是用來修飾動詞,常放在動詞之后.

He got up quickly

3).enough 修飾adj /adv 時,放在其后.

He is old enough to go to school .

三、常見副詞用法辨析

1.already與yet的區別

already用于肯定句句中，表示已經；yet用于否定句句末，表示還，用于疑問句句末，表示已經

He had_____left when I called.

　Have you found your ruler______？

2 very，much和very much.的區別

very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級；修飾動詞要用very much.

John is ____ honest.

This garden is_____ bigger than that one.

Thank you _____.

3.so與such的區別

⑴so修飾形容詞或副詞；such 修飾名詞，My brotherruns so fast that I cant follow him.

He is such a boy.

⑵so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數

such+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數

such+形容詞+可數名詞復數/不可數名詞

He is ___ clever a boy.=He is ____ a clever boy.

It is____cold weather.

They are _____good students.　　

⑶名詞前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so)

但little 表示 小的 用such.

There are ___ little sheep on the hill .

4.also，too，as well與either 的區別

also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動詞，情態動詞，助動詞之后，行為動詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。

例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher.

=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher ______.

=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_____.

I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French，_____.

5.sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區別

sometime：表示將來的或過去的某一個不確定的時間。

sometimes：有時，不時的= at times

some time：一段時間

some times：幾次，幾倍

Well have a test ______next month.

_____ we are busy and sometimes we are not.

He stayed in Beijing for _____ last year.

I have been to Beijing ______.

6.ago與before的區別

ago表示以現在為起點的以前，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。

before指過去或將來的某時刻以前，也可泛指以前，常和完成時連用，可以單獨使用。

I saw him ten minutes _______.

He told me that he had seen the film______.

7.now，just與just now的區別

now：與一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時連用，意為現在

just：與現在完成時連用，表示剛

just now：和過去時連用，表示剛才

Where does he live______？

We have _______ seen the film.

He was here______.

8.lonely / alone 的區別

1).alone 獨自一人/沒有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.

2).lonely 表示孤獨,寂寞, 也可修飾地點,表示荒涼,偏僻的，常與feel 連用。

3).alone 只作表語 (以a開頭的形容詞一般只作表語,不作定語)而lonely 既可作表語,也可作定語)

He lives _____ on a _____ island .

He is _____ ,but he doesnt feel ______.

9.fast /quickly /soon 的區別.

fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示動作之快 soon表示時間之快

Im leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______?

A.fast B.soon C.quickly D.early

Ⅲ、形容詞，副詞的比較級、最高級

一、規則變化

1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest

2.以不發音的字母e結尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest

3.以輔音字母+y結尾的詞，把y變為i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重讀閉音節，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest

注: 大,紅,濕,熱,悲,瘦,胖.雙寫末輔再變級.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）

5.部分雙音節詞和多音節詞分別在原級前加more構成比較級和most構成最高級， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

注:表示否定意義在其前加less /least

important----less important----least important

English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .

6.由 形容詞+ly構成的副詞,在其前加more/ most

slowly---more slowly----most slowly；但earlyearlier---earliest

二、不規則變化

原級

比較級

最高級

good/well

better

best

many/much

more

most

little

less

least

old

old/elder

old/eldest

bad/badly/ill

worse

worst

far

farther(距離)/further（程度）

farthest/furthest

下列單、雙音節詞只能加more和most

原級

比較級

最高級

like(想似的)

morelike

mostlike

real(真的)

morereal

mostreal

tired

moretired

mosttired

pleased

morepleased

mostpleased

often

moreoften

mostoften

注: 形容詞,副詞同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight

Ⅳ形容詞，副詞等級的用法

一、原級的用法

1.只能修飾原級的詞，very，quite，so，too

He is too tired to walk on.

My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.　　

2.原級常用的句型結構

（1）A= B-----A+ as +adj / adv的原級+ as +B

表示 A和B一樣

Tom is as old as Kate.

Tom runs as fast as Mike.

（2）A＜B---A +not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+B 表示 A不如B

This room is not as/so big as that one.

He doesnt walk as slowly as you.

二、比較級的用法

1.可以修飾比較級的詞.

much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一點兒even甚至，still仍然

Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.　　

2.比較級常用的句型結構

甲+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than+乙表示甲比乙

Tom is taller than Kate.

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

三.最高級的用法

1).結構: the +最高級+ of +人或物( in +地點)

He is the tallest of all the boys

He works hardest in his class .

注:副詞的最高級前the 可省掉

2).the +序數詞+形容詞的最高級+單數名詞

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .

3).one of +the +形容詞的最高級+復數名詞

He is one of the cleverest students in our class.

4). 特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙？用于三者以上的比較。

Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？

四.級別的轉換

1).原級與比較級的轉換

a). 倍數+ as as (倍數-1)+比較級+than

This room is five times as big as that one =This room is___ ___bigger than that one .

b).not asas 與比較級的轉換

A +not as as + B A+比較級(反義詞的比較級) +than +B B+比較級+than+A

Mary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is _____ _____ Tom.

= Tom is ____ _____ Mary .

This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is _____ _____ than that one = That book is _____ ______than this one .

2).比較級與最高級的轉換

a). the +最高級+ of / in

b). 比較級+than+any other +單數名詞

+the other +復數名詞

+anyone else

+any of the other+復名

c). Nobody else + 比較級 + than

Tom is the tallest boy in our class .

Tom is taller than ____ ____ boy in our class.

Tom is taller than _____ ____ in our class.

_____ _____ is taller than Tom in our class.

五.級別的慣用法

1. 比較級+and+比較級表示越來越。

He is getting taller and taller.

2. the+比較級，the+比較級表示越，越。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.

3.甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+of the two+表示甲是兩者中較的。

(of the twins/parents)

Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

4.當adj 的最高級前有物主代詞,名詞所有格,指示代詞時,不用the .

This is my best book of all.

5.相比較的前后兩部分必須是同類比較.

My pencil is longer than ______(you).

6.比較時不能與自身相比

注: 當相比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時,為了與自身相比較, 要用any other +單數名詞. 若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時,不必用other ,直接用any + 單數名詞.

He is taller than _____ boy in his class.

He is taller than _____boy in our class .

A.any B.any other

7.有些含有比較級的句子里，常用that(單數、不可數名詞)、those (復數名詞)代替前面提到的詞，以避免重復。

The weather in Beijing is colder than ____ in Guangzhou in winter .

The boys in our class are more than _____ in your class .