中學英語200組積極詞匯辨析小結(jié)B
中學英語200組積極詞匯辨析小結(jié)
rather修飾比較級 quite impossible
102. happy, glad
happy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語 a happy girl
103. instead, instead of
instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中
He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
104. too much, much too
too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，much too后接形容詞 much too heavy
105. be about to, be going to, be to do
be about to表最近的將來，后面不接時間狀語，be going to 側(cè)重打算，想法，
be to do側(cè)重意志，計劃，安排I'm to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思)
106. raise, rise
raise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east.
107. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk
108. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主語，花錢，花時間; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時間;
pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢
109. join, join in, take part in
join加入某個組織，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動, join sb. in；
take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago.
110. learn, study
learn學習，側(cè)重學習的結(jié)果，study學習，側(cè)重學習的過程，研究
study the problem
111. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以實現(xiàn)），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能實現(xiàn)）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
112. discover, invent, find out
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，
find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth.
113. answer, reply
answer及物動詞，reply不及物動詞，后接 to reply to the letter
114. leave, leave for
leave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.
115. rob, steal
rob搶劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.
116. shoot, shoot at
shoot射死，shoot at瞄準，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.
117. drop, fall
drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
118. search, search for
search后接地點，search for后接東西 He searched his pocket for money.
119. used to, be used to
used to過去常常，be used to習慣于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用來，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.
120. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
121. live on, live by
live on以為主食，live by靠謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing
122. beat, hit, strike
beat連續(xù)性地擊打；hit打中，對準打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings
123. meet, meet with
meet遇到，meet with體驗到，遭遇到 meet with an accident
124. lose, miss
lose失去（具體的物體），錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯過sth. is missing,
miss the chance
125. be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of厭煩，be tired with/from因為而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters
126. care about, care for
care about關心，計較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for關心，照料，喜歡，愿意
He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into
change for調(diào)換成，change into變成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last
二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
130. feed, raise
feed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)， raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor去請醫(yī)生，go to a doctor去看病
132. notice, observe, catch sight of
notice注意到，observe觀察，仔細地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars
133. insist on, stick to
insist on堅持要求，后常接doing, stick to堅持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan
134. look, seem, appear
look指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise,
look like his father
135. gather, collect
gather把分散的東西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有選擇地進行收集 collect stamps
136. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味著
By this I mean giving the students more practice.
137. die from, die of
die from表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，die of表示死于疾病，饑餓，
寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
138. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for為付錢，pay back還錢，但不一定還清，pay off還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt
139. divide, separate
divide把一個整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個體分開
divide the apple, separate the houses
140. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物動詞，后接in (大地點)，at(小地點)，get不及物動詞后接to，reach及物動詞
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
141. grow, plant
grow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are growing
142. manage, try
manage to do設法做成了某事，try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
143. choose, select
choose憑個人的判斷力進行選擇，select有目的地仔細認真地選擇 choose the best answer
144. build, put up, set up, found
build一般用語，建成，put up臨時搭建，set up建成（內(nèi)部的設施基本齊全），
found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
145. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物
The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
146. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上達成一致意見，主語是復數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan
147. throw to, throw at throw to扔到, throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.
148. receive, accept
receive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
149. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進行時，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
150. listen, hear listen強調(diào)動作，hear強調(diào)結(jié)果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
151. look, see, watch
look看的動作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watch TV
152. lie, lay lie躺，位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
153. work as, act as
work as工作是，act as充當某種職務或身份，或扮演某種角色 He works as a teacher.
He acts as an interpreter.
154. move, remove
move動一動，但不一定移走，remove從一處移到另一處 remove the table to the kitchen
155. hurt, injure, wound
hurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war.
156. turn, get, grow
turn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強調(diào)變的結(jié)果，grow強調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化
turn yellow, get tired, grow big
157. close, shut, turn off
close和shut當關解時可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turn off用于指有開關的物體
Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
158. set out, set about, set off
指出發(fā)，著手解時，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接doing, set off 后接 for sp.
159. begin, start
begin側(cè)重時間的開始，反義詞為end，start側(cè)重由靜到動的轉(zhuǎn)折，反義詞為stop
Class begins at 7:30a.m.
160. happen, take place
happen偶然性的沒有預料到的事情的發(fā)生，take place必然性的發(fā)生
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
161. at, in (表地點) at小地點，in大地點 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai
162. at work, in work at work在工作，在上班，in work 有職業(yè)，有工作
Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.
163. increase to, increase by
increase to增長到，increase by增長了 The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
164. at ease, with ease at ease舒適地，安逸地；with ease容易地，無困難地 do it with ease
165. day after day, day by day
day after day日復一日（無變化）；day by day一天天地（有變化）Trees grow taller day by day.
166. like, as like相似關系，但并不等同，as同一關系，兩者實為一體
Don't treat me as a child. (In fact, I'm a child.)
167. after, in (表時間) after接時間點，in接時間段 after 7:00, in five minutes
168. between, among
between兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間, among三者或三者以上之間
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
169. after, behind (表位置)
after強調(diào)次序的先后，behind強調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.
170. since, for (完成時間狀語)
since接點時間或一句話，for接一段時間 for three years, since 3:00
171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner
on the corner物體表面的角上，in the corner物體內(nèi)部的角落里，
at the corner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）on the corner of the table
172. warn sb. of, warn sb. against
warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事
warn him against swimming in that part of the river
173. at peace, in peace at peace平靜地，in peace和平地 live in peace with one's neighbors
174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth
on earth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，
in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth
175. in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise
in surprise驚奇地，to one's surprise使某人吃驚的是，by surprise使驚慌
The question took the professor by surprise.
176. in the air, on the air, in the sky
in the air正在醞釀中，on the air播送，廣播，in the sky在天空中
His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.
177. in the field, on the field
in the field在野外，on the field在戰(zhàn)場上 He lost his life on the field.
178. in the market, on the market
in the market表示場所或地點，在市場上，on the market出售
He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.
179. in the sun, under the sun
in the sun在陽光下，under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun
180. in a voice, with one voice
in a voice出聲地，with one voice異口同聲地 They refused with one voice.
181. through, across through穿越空間，across在上穿過 through the forest, across the desert
182. on the way, in the way
on the way在前往的路上，in the way擋路 The chair is in the way.
183. above, on, over above在上面，不接觸，on在上面，接觸，over在正上方 fly over the hill
184. until, notuntil
until到為止， notuntil直到才（常跟點動詞連用）I waited until 3:00.
He didn't come until 3:00.
185. besides, except, except for
besides除了還（包括在內(nèi)）except除了（不包括在內(nèi)），
except for整體除了某一點以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
186. whether, if
當是否解時，只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換，其余都用whether，當如果解時用if I don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let you know.
187. and, or
and并且，or或者，否則，常用于否定句中 I don't like apples or bananas.
Hurry up and you'll catch the bus. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.
188. because, since, as, for
原因由強到弱為：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)because 2) Since/as,
3) , for Since I was ill, I didn't go.
189. when, as, while (表時間)
when從句動詞點動詞，持續(xù)性動詞均可，as重在表示動作同時發(fā)生，伴隨進行，
while從句動詞為持續(xù)性動詞 While I slept, a thief broke in.
190. the sameas, the samethat
the sameas和一樣的（相似但不同一）， the samethat 同一物體
This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支筆)
191. as well, as well as
as well也，常放于句末，和and連用表示既又；as well as并列連詞，不但而且
