2010中考英語重點(diǎn)語法詞法考點(diǎn)五：介詞
一．介詞at/ in /on .
1.表示時間：
1).表示某一具體時間點(diǎn)，某一時刻/ 年齡
at six oclock at noon at that time
at the moment at the age of at night
2)in表示時間段,一天的三個時間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個時期(某人幾十歲時)
in the morning/afternoon /evening
in spring /in 2007/in March
in the twenty-first century
in his fifties
3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個時間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時.
On Monday on New Years Day
on Sunday morning on a rainy night
on the evening of April 1st ,2007
2表地點(diǎn):
1)at 一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置
at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個有限空間里.
in China in the classroom
3)on 指在某物體的表面上.
on the desk
注意:
寫街道時,若有門牌號用at ,否則用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChangan Street.
二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:
1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)
Japan is _____ the east of China .
三. between / among 在之間
1.between :指兩者之間. 在.之間.
2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在之中.
You sit _____ him and me .
The song is popular ______ the students.
四.after / in 在之后
1. after
1)after + 時間段. 表示以過去某一時刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時間之后, 用于過去時.
2)after 作介詞. after doing sth
2.in +一段時間. 表示說話時或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時間之后.用于將來時.
He came back ______ two days .
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back _____ two days .
五.with / in / by 表示 用
1.with 表示 用 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴隨, 帶有,含有
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
注意: 同義詞組
1).by phone = on the phone
2).by car = in a car
3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過
1.across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.
2.through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.
3.over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.
4.by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.
Can you swim ______ the river ?
the elephant is so big that it cant go _____ the gate .
I dont think anyone can jump ___ the fence.
I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
七.in front of / in the front of
1.in the front of 表示在.內(nèi)部的前面
2.in front of 表示在外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .
There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
八．其它介詞的用法：
1.at的其它用法.
1).表示 從事或正在做某事,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示 價格或速度
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .
2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示 在方面
詞組:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2)in 表示 穿著后接表顏色的詞或衣服.
詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3)in作副詞, 在家 = at home
3.like 的用法:
1).像/和一樣. 常與系動詞連用.
詞組: look like sound like
2).與what 連用, 是什么樣子, 怎樣.
What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1).從下來, 脫離某物體.
詞組: fall off
2). 休假通常放在時間名詞之后.
詞組: have +時間+ off
He hasnt had a night off for two hours .
5.except / besides
1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi).
注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也沒有.
2).besdies除了之外,還有 . 包括在范圍之內(nèi).
We all went swimming ______ Lucy .
There is _______ a letter in the box .
We study Japanese and French____ English .
6.with / without
1).with具有,含有 -----反義詞: without 沒有
詞組: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to
without ones help
2).without 的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth .
He left here without____(say ) Goodbyeto us
C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.
If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live ______ _______ .
7.on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 樹上本身長的東西 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中 人或物在樹上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree.
8.since / for
注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時.
1).since :
a).since +時間點(diǎn)
b). 現(xiàn)在完成時+ since +一般過去時
c).since +一段時間+ ago.
2)for: for +一段時間= since +一段時間+ ago
9.be made +介詞的區(qū)別:
be made of 由制成 (看得見原材料)
be made from由制成 (看不見原材料)
be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)
be made by sb. 由某人制造
10.表示 數(shù)量的介詞
about , round around over
1). about , round around表示 大約
2).over 表示 超過= more than.
11.inside / outside
Inside 在里面 ------反義詞:outside在.外面
12.in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示門窗在墻上 on the wall 表示某東西張貼或掛在墻上
九.不用介詞的情況:
1).當(dāng)時間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時,不用介詞.
What are you going to do tonight ?
2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時間狀語.
He went to Wuhan last week .
3).以all 開頭的時間狀語前面不用介詞.
He has worked all day .
4).以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時間狀語前不用介詞.
一．介詞at/ in /on .
1.表示時間：
1).表示某一具體時間點(diǎn)，某一時刻/ 年齡
at six oclock at noon at that time
at the moment at the age of at night
2)in表示時間段,一天的三個時間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個時期(某人幾十歲時)
in the morning/afternoon /evening
in spring /in 2007/in March
in the twenty-first century
in his fifties
3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個時間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時.
On Monday on New Years Day
on Sunday morning on a rainy night
on the evening of April 1st ,2007
2表地點(diǎn):
1)at 一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置
at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個有限空間里.
in China in the classroom
3)on 指在某物體的表面上.
on the desk
注意:
寫街道時,若有門牌號用at ,否則用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChangan Street.
二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:
1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)
Japan is _____ the east of China .
三. between / among 在之間
1.between :指兩者之間. 在.之間.
2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在之中.
You sit _____ him and me .
The song is popular ______ the students.
四.after / in 在之后
1. after
1)after + 時間段. 表示以過去某一時刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時間之后, 用于過去時.
2)after 作介詞. after doing sth
2.in +一段時間. 表示說話時或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時間之后.用于將來時.
He came back ______ two days .
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back _____ two days .
五.with / in / by 表示 用
1.with 表示 用 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴隨, 帶有,含有
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
注意: 同義詞組
1).by phone = on the phone
2).by car = in a car
3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過
1.across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.
2.through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.
3.over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.
4.by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.
Can you swim ______ the river ?
the elephant is so big that it cant go _____ the gate .
I dont think anyone can jump ___ the fence.
I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
七.in front of / in the front of
1.in the front of 表示在.內(nèi)部的前面
2.in front of 表示在外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .
There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
八．其它介詞的用法：
1.at的其它用法.
1).表示 從事或正在做某事,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示 價格或速度
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .
2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示 在方面
詞組:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2)in 表示 穿著后接表顏色的詞或衣服.
詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3)in作副詞, 在家 = at home
3.like 的用法:
1).像/和一樣. 常與系動詞連用.
詞組: look like sound like
2).與what 連用, 是什么樣子, 怎樣.
What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1).從下來, 脫離某物體.
詞組: fall off
2). 休假通常放在時間名詞之后.
詞組: have +時間+ off
He hasnt had a night off for two hours .
5.except / besides
1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi).
注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也沒有.
2).besdies除了之外,還有 . 包括在范圍之內(nèi).
We all went swimming ______ Lucy .
There is _______ a letter in the box .
We study Japanese and French____ English .
6.with / without
1).with具有,含有 -----反義詞: without 沒有
詞組: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to
without ones help
2).without 的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth .
He left here without____(say ) Goodbyeto us
C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.
If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live ______ _______ .
7.on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 樹上本身長的東西 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中 人或物在樹上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree.
8.since / for
注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時.
1).since :
a).since +時間點(diǎn)
b). 現(xiàn)在完成時+ since +一般過去時
c).since +一段時間+ ago.
2)for: for +一段時間= since +一段時間+ ago
9.be made +介詞的區(qū)別:
be made of 由制成 (看得見原材料)
be made from由制成 (看不見原材料)
be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)
be made by sb. 由某人制造
10.表示 數(shù)量的介詞
about , round around over
1). about , round around表示 大約
2).over 表示 超過= more than.
11.inside / outside
Inside 在里面 ------反義詞:outside在.外面
12.in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示門窗在墻上 on the wall 表示某東西張貼或掛在墻上
九.不用介詞的情況:
1).當(dāng)時間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時,不用介詞.
What are you going to do tonight ?
2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時間狀語.
He went to Wuhan last week .
3).以all 開頭的時間狀語前面不用介詞.
He has worked all day .
4).以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時間狀語前不用介詞.
