雅思寫作中要注意避免性別歧視
近四十年來(lái),盡管非性別歧視語(yǔ)還沒(méi)有達(dá)到非不可的程度,但它畢竟已進(jìn)人日常會(huì)話和寫作的主流之中。隨便翻開(kāi)一張英美的報(bào)紙,或瞧一下五花八門的宣傳廣告,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)supervisor替代了原來(lái)的foreman, workmans compensation變成了workers compensation; sales rep, sales associate或seller取代了常用詞salesman等。為此,筆者將有關(guān)資料整理如下,供英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者參考。請(qǐng)注意,所選用的例句,除個(gè)別注明外,均選自Rosalie Maggio編寫的The Nonselist Word Finder: A Dictionary of Gender-Free Usage 。
1.盡量不用通性代詞he,除了明確地指代一個(gè)男性人物時(shí),都要設(shè)法避免使用之??梢愿鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境需要,選用下列替換方式:
采用復(fù)數(shù)形式:
Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended.
給嬰兒洗澡時(shí),一定不能讓他們無(wú)人照料。
2) 用we/us/our改寫原句:
Sexist:From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
Revised:From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.