雅思寫作語法知識：句子分類
句子分類回顧：根據類型句子可分為四種：簡單句、并列句、復合句、并列復合句。
一簡單句：一個句子中只包含一個主謂或者由并列連接詞來連接兩個或兩個以上的謂語或主語。
International tourismindeedgives rise tosome problems.
Ambition and perseveranceare two substantial factors to success.
Learning this coursecan stimulateones imagination andcultivateones independence.
二并列句：由并列連詞連接的兩個簡單句。
Life is hopeandhope is life.
Problems never stopbutpeople stop problems.
三復合句：由從屬連詞引導的從句修飾主句，根據意義可分為：名詞從句、形容詞從句、副詞從句。
It goes without saying thatchange is an unavoidable trend.
Some people argue thatthis practice is unjustified.
四并列復合句：在并列句當中出現了復合句。
Not onlydo teachers teach us knowledge,butthey teach us many other thingswhich can never be taught by computers.
B:六類從句句型歸納總結
從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句
形式主語從句句型
形式主語從句是寫作中非常常用的一種從句。我們先來看一下它是如何構成的。。比如說： is clear.這就是主語從句的基本形式。但如果句子要是這樣，主語過長。所以，我們習慣于用it來代替原來的主語。而把原來的主語放在句子的最后。這句話可改為：It is clear that education is important.這就叫做形式主語從句。
1It is often the case that
2It is a fact that
賓語從句句型
賓語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句。它一般用來提出觀點。
1Some people think that
2 Some people believe that
表語從句句型
表語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，可構成各種句型。
1 The first thing to be mentioned is that
2 Another point to be considered is that
3 The last thing to be shown is that
同位語從句句型
同位語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，與其前面所修飾名詞形成同位關系。
1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.
2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal
定語從句句型
定語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，常常起修飾的作用。
① who先行詞是人，在定從中可以做主語或賓語
Children who study abroad will have a good opportunity to experience a different culture.
② which先行詞必須是物，在定從中可以做主語或賓語
Advertisements often urge people to buy things which they do not need.
③ that先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做主語或賓語
The Internet is a tool that can expand ones horizon.
④ whom先行詞是人，在定從中做賓語
Children whom their parents encourage to take part-time jobs will adapt to the society better in the future.
⑤ whose先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做定語
Children whose parentsguidance is consistent and rational will have more self-confidence.
⑥ Where先行詞一般是表示地點的名詞，后面加完整句
The museum is the place where people can get educated and entertained.
⑦ When先行詞一般是表示時間的名詞，后面加完整句
I am looking forward to a time when there is long-lasting peace rather than war.
⑧ Why先行詞一般是表示原因的名詞，后面加完整句
That is the reason why I am in favor of the former view.
⑨ As引導的非限制性定語從句
1 As has been said,
2As has been mentioned,
狀語從句句型
狀語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，一般分為九種。
時間狀語從句
When dry desert ends, the green grass grows.
地點狀語從句
Where there is a will, there is a way.
條件狀語從句
If the economy still develops at present way, the environment will be getting worse and worse.
原因狀語從句
Collecting provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at ones treasures is always a joy.
結果狀語從句
Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.
目的狀語從句
Such a plan should be carried out so that the goal of education could be better met.
讓步狀語從句
Although advertisements are never without disadvantages, their advantages carry more weight.
方式狀語從句
If we cannot do as we would, we must do as we can.
比較狀語從句
The more we study, the better we understand life
C:非謂語動詞歸納總結
在英語中，不做句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式To do, Ving和Ved三種。
不定式：不定式由不定式符號to加動詞原形構成，及物動詞的不定式可以帶賓語。不定式的否定結構是在to前面加上not.不定式在句中可以做除了謂語外的任何成分。不定式一般在寫作中可以做主語，賓語，后置定語，目的狀語，賓語補足語和插入語。
1不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把做主語的不定式短語后置。
It is vitalto receive education in this ever-accelerated society.
It is no exaggerationto say that friendship is to people what perfume is to flowers.
2
I preferto choose the latter for the following reasons.
In this way, children can learnto cooperate with others.
3
The deepest urge in human nature is the desireto be important.
The important thing in life is the determinationto attain a great aim.
4
To associate with friends, we should be honest and open.
To achieve happiness, one has a long way to go.
5
Difficulties train oneto be great.
The updating society requires peopleto accept new things positively.
6
To start with, the eye-catching development of technology is a good case in point.
Needless to say, we can never do without media.
V-ing:V-ing由動詞加ing構成，及物動詞的ving可以帶賓語。ving在句中可以做除了謂語外的任何成分。ving一般在寫作中可以做主語，賓語，定語，狀語，和插入語。
1做主語：Helping othersis happiness in itself.
Losingcan be a real beginning.
2做賓語：Change requiresadapting oneself to a new environment.
Reading a book is likeopening a window to the outside world.
3做定語：
A前置
Change is anexcitingbusiness.
The Internet is developing at aneye-dazzlingspeed.
B后置
Peopleholding the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits. = Peoplewho hold the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits.
Childrenspending too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses. = Childrenwho spend too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses.
4做狀語：
Having entered the 21stcentury, we are now blessed with more opportunities and confronted with more challenges.
Surfing the Internet, we are often annoyed by various advertisements.
Serving in the army, women can perform. as well as men do.
5做插入語：
A常規
1 Properly speaking,
2 Generally speaking,
3B特殊
1 Speaking of
9 V-ed: Ved由動詞加ed構成。Ved一般在寫作中可以做定語，狀語，和插入語。
做定語：
A前置
Chance favors thepreparedmind.
It seems that we have embarked upon anever-acceleratedera.
B后置
Difficultiesmasteredare opportunities. = Difficultieswhich are masteredare opportunities.
Childrenencouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness. = Childrenwho are encouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness.
做狀語：
Well done, the smallest task becomes a miracle of achievement.
Encouraged to learn competition, children will adapt themselves to the society better in the future.
做插入語：
1 Compared with,
2 Compared to,
3 Given,
4 Given closer analysis,
5 Based on the above factors,
6 Based on the above discussion,
7 Simply stated,
8 Simply put
句子分類回顧：根據類型句子可分為四種：簡單句、并列句、復合句、并列復合句。
一簡單句：一個句子中只包含一個主謂或者由并列連接詞來連接兩個或兩個以上的謂語或主語。
International tourismindeedgives rise tosome problems.
Ambition and perseveranceare two substantial factors to success.
Learning this coursecan stimulateones imagination andcultivateones independence.
二并列句：由并列連詞連接的兩個簡單句。
Life is hopeandhope is life.
Problems never stopbutpeople stop problems.
三復合句：由從屬連詞引導的從句修飾主句，根據意義可分為：名詞從句、形容詞從句、副詞從句。
It goes without saying thatchange is an unavoidable trend.
Some people argue thatthis practice is unjustified.
四并列復合句：在并列句當中出現了復合句。
Not onlydo teachers teach us knowledge,butthey teach us many other thingswhich can never be taught by computers.
B:六類從句句型歸納總結
從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句
形式主語從句句型
形式主語從句是寫作中非常常用的一種從句。我們先來看一下它是如何構成的。。比如說： is clear.這就是主語從句的基本形式。但如果句子要是這樣，主語過長。所以，我們習慣于用it來代替原來的主語。而把原來的主語放在句子的最后。這句話可改為：It is clear that education is important.這就叫做形式主語從句。
1It is often the case that
2It is a fact that
賓語從句句型
賓語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句。它一般用來提出觀點。
1Some people think that
2 Some people believe that
表語從句句型
表語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，可構成各種句型。
1 The first thing to be mentioned is that
2 Another point to be considered is that
3 The last thing to be shown is that
同位語從句句型
同位語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，與其前面所修飾名詞形成同位關系。
1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.
2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal
定語從句句型
定語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，常常起修飾的作用。
① who先行詞是人，在定從中可以做主語或賓語
Children who study abroad will have a good opportunity to experience a different culture.
② which先行詞必須是物，在定從中可以做主語或賓語
Advertisements often urge people to buy things which they do not need.
③ that先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做主語或賓語
The Internet is a tool that can expand ones horizon.
④ whom先行詞是人，在定從中做賓語
Children whom their parents encourage to take part-time jobs will adapt to the society better in the future.
⑤ whose先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做定語
Children whose parentsguidance is consistent and rational will have more self-confidence.
⑥ Where先行詞一般是表示地點的名詞，后面加完整句
The museum is the place where people can get educated and entertained.
⑦ When先行詞一般是表示時間的名詞，后面加完整句
I am looking forward to a time when there is long-lasting peace rather than war.
⑧ Why先行詞一般是表示原因的名詞，后面加完整句
That is the reason why I am in favor of the former view.
⑨ As引導的非限制性定語從句
1 As has been said,
2As has been mentioned,
狀語從句句型
狀語從句是寫作中非常常用的另一種從句，一般分為九種。
時間狀語從句
When dry desert ends, the green grass grows.
地點狀語從句
Where there is a will, there is a way.
條件狀語從句
If the economy still develops at present way, the environment will be getting worse and worse.
原因狀語從句
Collecting provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at ones treasures is always a joy.
結果狀語從句
Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.
目的狀語從句
Such a plan should be carried out so that the goal of education could be better met.
讓步狀語從句
Although advertisements are never without disadvantages, their advantages carry more weight.
方式狀語從句
If we cannot do as we would, we must do as we can.
比較狀語從句
The more we study, the better we understand life
C:非謂語動詞歸納總結
在英語中，不做句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式To do, Ving和Ved三種。
不定式：不定式由不定式符號to加動詞原形構成，及物動詞的不定式可以帶賓語。不定式的否定結構是在to前面加上not.不定式在句中可以做除了謂語外的任何成分。不定式一般在寫作中可以做主語，賓語，后置定語，目的狀語，賓語補足語和插入語。
1不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把做主語的不定式短語后置。
It is vitalto receive education in this ever-accelerated society.
It is no exaggerationto say that friendship is to people what perfume is to flowers.
2
I preferto choose the latter for the following reasons.
In this way, children can learnto cooperate with others.
3
The deepest urge in human nature is the desireto be important.
The important thing in life is the determinationto attain a great aim.
4
To associate with friends, we should be honest and open.
To achieve happiness, one has a long way to go.
5
Difficulties train oneto be great.
The updating society requires peopleto accept new things positively.
6
To start with, the eye-catching development of technology is a good case in point.
Needless to say, we can never do without media.
V-ing:V-ing由動詞加ing構成，及物動詞的ving可以帶賓語。ving在句中可以做除了謂語外的任何成分。ving一般在寫作中可以做主語，賓語，定語，狀語，和插入語。
1做主語：Helping othersis happiness in itself.
Losingcan be a real beginning.
2做賓語：Change requiresadapting oneself to a new environment.
Reading a book is likeopening a window to the outside world.
3做定語：
A前置
Change is anexcitingbusiness.
The Internet is developing at aneye-dazzlingspeed.
B后置
Peopleholding the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits. = Peoplewho hold the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits.
Childrenspending too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses. = Childrenwho spend too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses.
4做狀語：
Having entered the 21stcentury, we are now blessed with more opportunities and confronted with more challenges.
Surfing the Internet, we are often annoyed by various advertisements.
Serving in the army, women can perform. as well as men do.
5做插入語：
A常規
1 Properly speaking,
2 Generally speaking,
3B特殊
1 Speaking of
9 V-ed: Ved由動詞加ed構成。Ved一般在寫作中可以做定語，狀語，和插入語。
做定語：
A前置
Chance favors thepreparedmind.
It seems that we have embarked upon anever-acceleratedera.
B后置
Difficultiesmasteredare opportunities. = Difficultieswhich are masteredare opportunities.
Childrenencouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness. = Childrenwho are encouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness.
做狀語：
Well done, the smallest task becomes a miracle of achievement.
Encouraged to learn competition, children will adapt themselves to the society better in the future.
做插入語：
1 Compared with,
2 Compared to,
3 Given,
4 Given closer analysis,
5 Based on the above factors,
6 Based on the above discussion,
7 Simply stated,
8 Simply put
