雅思閱讀如何“望文生義” 有高招
一、利用定義式線索進(jìn)行猜測
定義是作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或 詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜測詞義比較容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生詞，由定義可知，表語是說明主語性質(zhì)內(nèi)容的。所以kinetic energy就是運(yùn)動粒子的能量。再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生詞，推斷該詞義的線索就是其后面的解釋繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風(fēng)雨由此我們可知cyclones的意思是繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風(fēng)雨。在這種解釋中定義句的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根據(jù)進(jìn)一步闡述猜測詞義
雖然進(jìn)一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì)，但是提供的信息足以使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復(fù)述部分可以是適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，短語或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗號中短語的意思是對肢體語言進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科。短語與前面生詞kinesics是同位關(guān)系，因此我們不難猜出kinesics指肢體語言學(xué)。在這種復(fù)述當(dāng)中,構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和括號等。另外同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。另外一種會以定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)如從句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the bodys fat cells. 根據(jù)生詞obesity后面的非限制性定語從句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the bodys fat cells. 我們可以推斷出 obesity的含義，即過度肥胖。
三、根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義
恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中戰(zhàn)爭和重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是生詞的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的 大致詞義重要的。
一、利用定義式線索進(jìn)行猜測
定義是作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或 詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜測詞義比較容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生詞，由定義可知，表語是說明主語性質(zhì)內(nèi)容的。所以kinetic energy就是運(yùn)動粒子的能量。再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生詞，推斷該詞義的線索就是其后面的解釋繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風(fēng)雨由此我們可知cyclones的意思是繞低氣壓中心形成的暴風(fēng)雨。在這種解釋中定義句的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根據(jù)進(jìn)一步闡述猜測詞義
雖然進(jìn)一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì)，但是提供的信息足以使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復(fù)述部分可以是適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，短語或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗號中短語的意思是對肢體語言進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科。短語與前面生詞kinesics是同位關(guān)系，因此我們不難猜出kinesics指肢體語言學(xué)。在這種復(fù)述當(dāng)中,構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和括號等。另外同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。另外一種會以定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)如從句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the bodys fat cells. 根據(jù)生詞obesity后面的非限制性定語從句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the bodys fat cells. 我們可以推斷出 obesity的含義，即過度肥胖。
三、根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義
恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中戰(zhàn)爭和重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是生詞的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的 大致詞義重要的。
