雅思聽力背景材料：英國的經濟

　　在雅思聽力考試中有很多關于英國經濟的話題，如果有英國的經濟背景知識作為基礎將會對這些話題的理解和相關問題的解答有很大的幫助。下面雅思就與大家分享英國經濟的簡要介紹，供大家參考。

　　1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britains GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term Britain disease is now used to characterize Britains economic decline.

　　1950年至1973年兼，英國的國民生產總值平均年增長率為3%。經濟發展受阻于長期收支平衡的赤字，現在常用英國病這個詞來概括英國經濟衰退的特征

　　2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.

　　到1947年底，英國經濟恢復到戰前水平，50到60年代，英國經濟的特點是發展緩慢而穩定，失業少，消費上升，物質極度繁榮。

　　3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.

　　約翰，凱恩斯建議政府在利用物價和收入政策從根本上抑制通脹的同時，應該利用財政和貨幣政策來微調社會總需求，以達到充分就業的目的。

　　4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.

　　1973年爆發了第一次石油危機，結果通脹率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在發達國家中，英國增長率最低而通脹率最高。

　　5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.

　　由撒切爾夫人提出的新經濟計劃以新的古典思想學派理論為基礎，私有化、撤銷價格管制和市場自由化取代了物價和收入控制及政府的干涉主義。

　　6.Mrs. Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.

　　在過去十年，撒切爾政府運用宏觀經濟政策和微觀經濟政策，采取許多措施提高經濟效益。

　　7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.

　　正如20世紀40年代在英國以國有化的十年被記住一樣，80年代的十年將以私有化被人們記住，過去十年里幾乎有40%的國有企業被私有化。

　　8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britains coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a sick industry.

　　和其他許多國家相比，英國煤儲備相當豐富。正是英國煤田的發展引起了工業革命，今天的英國媒業被稱為生病工業。

　　9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.

　　過去天然氣和石油分別在1965年和1970年在北海發現，今天的英國石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余出口。

　　10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from SpainSweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.

　　中部地區既有煤儲藏也有鐵礦石儲藏，因此中部地區成為鋼鐵中心。但今天當地儲備已枯竭，礦石必須從西班牙、瑞典和其他地方進口，英國許多鋼鐵廠原先的地理優勢已經一去不返。

　　11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英國主要紡織基地是現在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛爾蘭。英國紡織業德顯著衰退尤其表現在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產上。但高質的羊毛商品還未受影響。

　　12.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英國主要紡織基地是現在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛爾蘭。英國紡織業德顯著衰退尤其表現在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產上。但高質的羊毛商品還未受影響。

　　13.In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms

　　20世紀初，英國汽車工業在中地西部和英格蘭東南部得到發展，現在英國地汽車業受控于四大公司。

　　14.There are three areas in Britain which have been some high-tech industrial growth: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area and East Anglia and the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland.

　　英國高科技工業發展較好的地區有三個：倫敦和南威爾士之間的地區、東英吉利的劍橋地區以及蘇格蘭的哥拉斯哥和愛丁堡之間的地區。

　　15.The British were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. In British only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land and managed like an industrial business.

　　英國是現代農業先驅，他們領先在農業中引進科學和機械。英國只有3%的農業人口，但他們卻管理70%的土地。

　　16.There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.

　　英國主要有六種農作業類型：耕地業、乳品業、家畜業、混合農業、山地畜牧業和市場果蔬業。

　　17.Arable farming emphasizes crop production and occurs on the more fertile soils. The chief crops are wheat, barely, oats, sugar beer and potatoes. During farming rears cattle primarily for milk production. Western regions with moderate rainfull, mild winters and cool summers are often important dairy areas.

　　耕地業重點是農作物生產，所需較肥沃的土壤，主要農作物有小麥，大麥，燕麥，甜菜和土豆。乳品業飼養的牛主要供生產牛奶。因此，降雨量適中，冬天溫和，夏天涼爽的西部地區是重要的奶制業地區。

　　18.Stock farming rears livestock primarily for meat . Market gardening is the growing of vegetable and fruit which can be rapidly transported to market while fresh.

　　家畜業飼養家畜主要是提供肉食。市場果蔬業種植蔬菜和水果，在新鮮時就快捷的運輸到市場出售。

　　108.Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Napoleon called it a nation of shopkeepers and it has remained one even after the end of empire and the loss of its political and economic hegemony.

　　英國是世界第五大貿易國，拿破侖稱之為店主之國，即使英國瓦解，失去經濟和政治霸權地位之后，還是一直保持貿易強國身份。

　　在雅思聽力考試中有很多關于英國經濟的話題，如果有英國的經濟背景知識作為基礎將會對這些話題的理解和相關問題的解答有很大的幫助。下面雅思就與大家分享英國經濟的簡要介紹，供大家參考。

　　1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britains GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term Britain disease is now used to characterize Britains economic decline.

　　1950年至1973年兼，英國的國民生產總值平均年增長率為3%。經濟發展受阻于長期收支平衡的赤字，現在常用英國病這個詞來概括英國經濟衰退的特征

　　2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.

　　到1947年底，英國經濟恢復到戰前水平，50到60年代，英國經濟的特點是發展緩慢而穩定，失業少，消費上升，物質極度繁榮。

　　3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.

　　約翰，凱恩斯建議政府在利用物價和收入政策從根本上抑制通脹的同時，應該利用財政和貨幣政策來微調社會總需求，以達到充分就業的目的。

　　4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.

　　1973年爆發了第一次石油危機，結果通脹率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在發達國家中，英國增長率最低而通脹率最高。

　　5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.

　　由撒切爾夫人提出的新經濟計劃以新的古典思想學派理論為基礎，私有化、撤銷價格管制和市場自由化取代了物價和收入控制及政府的干涉主義。

　　6.Mrs. Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.

　　在過去十年，撒切爾政府運用宏觀經濟政策和微觀經濟政策，采取許多措施提高經濟效益。

　　7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.

　　正如20世紀40年代在英國以國有化的十年被記住一樣，80年代的十年將以私有化被人們記住，過去十年里幾乎有40%的國有企業被私有化。

　　8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britains coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a sick industry.

　　和其他許多國家相比，英國煤儲備相當豐富。正是英國煤田的發展引起了工業革命，今天的英國媒業被稱為生病工業。

　　9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.

　　過去天然氣和石油分別在1965年和1970年在北海發現，今天的英國石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余出口。

　　10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from SpainSweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.

　　中部地區既有煤儲藏也有鐵礦石儲藏，因此中部地區成為鋼鐵中心。但今天當地儲備已枯竭，礦石必須從西班牙、瑞典和其他地方進口，英國許多鋼鐵廠原先的地理優勢已經一去不返。

　　11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英國主要紡織基地是現在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛爾蘭。英國紡織業德顯著衰退尤其表現在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產上。但高質的羊毛商品還未受影響。

　　12.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英國主要紡織基地是現在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛爾蘭。英國紡織業德顯著衰退尤其表現在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產上。但高質的羊毛商品還未受影響。

　　13.In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms

　　20世紀初，英國汽車工業在中地西部和英格蘭東南部得到發展，現在英國地汽車業受控于四大公司。

　　14.There are three areas in Britain which have been some high-tech industrial growth: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area and East Anglia and the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland.

　　英國高科技工業發展較好的地區有三個：倫敦和南威爾士之間的地區、東英吉利的劍橋地區以及蘇格蘭的哥拉斯哥和愛丁堡之間的地區。

　　15.The British were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. In British only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land and managed like an industrial business.

　　英國是現代農業先驅，他們領先在農業中引進科學和機械。英國只有3%的農業人口，但他們卻管理70%的土地。

　　16.There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.

　　英國主要有六種農作業類型：耕地業、乳品業、家畜業、混合農業、山地畜牧業和市場果蔬業。

　　17.Arable farming emphasizes crop production and occurs on the more fertile soils. The chief crops are wheat, barely, oats, sugar beer and potatoes. During farming rears cattle primarily for milk production. Western regions with moderate rainfull, mild winters and cool summers are often important dairy areas.

　　耕地業重點是農作物生產，所需較肥沃的土壤，主要農作物有小麥，大麥，燕麥，甜菜和土豆。乳品業飼養的牛主要供生產牛奶。因此，降雨量適中，冬天溫和，夏天涼爽的西部地區是重要的奶制業地區。

　　18.Stock farming rears livestock primarily for meat . Market gardening is the growing of vegetable and fruit which can be rapidly transported to market while fresh.

　　家畜業飼養家畜主要是提供肉食。市場果蔬業種植蔬菜和水果，在新鮮時就快捷的運輸到市場出售。

　　108.Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Napoleon called it a nation of shopkeepers and it has remained one even after the end of empire and the loss of its political and economic hegemony.

　　英國是世界第五大貿易國，拿破侖稱之為店主之國，即使英國瓦解，失去經濟和政治霸權地位之后，還是一直保持貿易強國身份。