研究：30歲嫉妒心最強(qiáng)，50歲后嫉妒心減弱
Older women have often been portrayed as green-eyed monsters, envying the young and hankering after their own lost looks.
年紀(jì)大的女人通常都被描述成愛(ài)嫉妒的人，她們嫉妒年輕女子，渴望擁有自己曾經(jīng)的姣好容貌。
But it is actually the young who are the most jealous of each other, envious of their friends' appearances, relationships, and social success, a new study has revealed.
事實(shí)上，新研究揭示，年輕人最愛(ài)嫉妒彼此，他們會(huì)嫉妒朋友的容顏、愛(ài)情和社交的成功。
It also appears that both men and women are more likely to envy someone who is approximately their own age and of the same gender.
還有一種現(xiàn)象，不管男人還是女人都更傾向于嫉妒那些跟他們年紀(jì)相當(dāng)以及同性別的人。
The research was carried out by psychology professor Christine Harris and graduate student Nicole Henniger from the University of California, San Diego and is published in the journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
這項(xiàng)研究由圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授克莉絲汀•哈里斯以及研究生妮可•亨尼希共同實(shí)施執(zhí)行，并發(fā)表在《基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用社會(huì)心理學(xué)》這份期刊上。
The paper covers two studies: one that surveyed more than 900 people aged 18 to 80 on their own experiences of being envious, and another that asked 800 more in the same age range to remember when they had been the targets of envy.
這篇論文包含了兩個(gè)研究：一個(gè)是調(diào)查九百多名18歲至80歲的人關(guān)于自身嫉妒的經(jīng)歷，另外一個(gè)研究是訪問(wèn)另外八百名同齡的人，讓他們回憶自己什么時(shí)候成為被嫉妒的對(duì)象。
Envy was a common experience. More than three quarters of the participants reported experiencing envy in the last year, with slightly more women (79.4 percent) than men (74.1 percent).
嫉妒是一種常見(jiàn)的經(jīng)歷。據(jù)研究報(bào)告，超過(guò)四分之三的調(diào)查參與者在最近的一年里嫉妒過(guò)別人，而其中女性產(chǎn)生嫉妒的比例為79.4%，超過(guò)男性產(chǎn)生嫉妒的比例，后者為74.1%。
But they found that the experience declined with age.
但是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種經(jīng)歷會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而下降。
Around 80 percent of people younger than 30 reported feeling envious in the last year. However, for those aged 50 and over, that figure went down to 69 percent.
據(jù)研究報(bào)告，在過(guò)去的一年里，年紀(jì)低于30歲的人群中有80%左右經(jīng)歷了嫉妒，然而，對(duì)于年紀(jì)超過(guò)50歲的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)比例降到了69%。
Overwhelmingly, people envied others of their own gender.
人們絕大多數(shù)是對(duì)同性的嫉妒。
'It surprised us how consistently men envied other men and women, women,' continued Professor Harris.
“男性嫉妒其他男性，而女性則嫉妒其他女性，這種高度的一致性讓我們驚訝。哈里斯教授說(shuō)道。
'Even in domains like financial and occupational success, where you can imagine that a woman might envy a man his better pay or status, that wasn't usually the case.'
“即使是在諸如金融和職業(yè)成功的領(lǐng)域里，你想象到的是一個(gè)女性可能會(huì)嫉妒一個(gè)男性有更高的薪資和更高的地位，但通常情況并不是這樣。
Also, people most often direct their envy at similarly aged others - within about five years of their own age.
同樣，人們最經(jīng)常將嫉妒的矛頭指向年齡相近的人——與他們的年齡相差在5歲之內(nèi)的人。
The researchers found that what people envied also changed with age.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們所嫉妒的事物也隨著他們的年紀(jì)的變化而改變。
Young people said they felt most envious over looks and romance as well as achievement at school and social success, with 40 percent of participants under 30 said they envied others for their success in romance.
年輕人說(shuō)他們最嫉妒的是外貌、戀愛(ài)史以及在學(xué)校和社會(huì)上取得的成功，其中30歲以下的參與者中有40%的人說(shuō)他們嫉妒他人戀愛(ài)的成功。
But fewer than 15 percent of those over 50 said the same.
但是在超過(guò)50歲的受訪者中只有不到15%的人說(shuō)他們嫉妒的是這類事物。
'Envy of monetary success and occupational success was common across all age groups,' the coauthors write, 'but these two domains were unique in being more often envied by older people.'
“對(duì)于金錢成功和職業(yè)成功的嫉妒是各個(gè)年齡群體中都很常見(jiàn)的，筆者寫道，“但是這兩個(gè)方面獨(dú)特之處在于，年長(zhǎng)的人更容易因此嫉妒。
Elsewhere, the research found that people are more likely to be jealous of their friends than their family - perhaps because the success of these people is more cause for happiness and pride than envy.
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于家人，人們更容易嫉妒朋友，或許是因?yàn)榧胰说某晒?lái)的更多是開(kāi)心與驕傲，而非嫉妒。
The researchers could not determine whether the differences observed with age are due to changes over the lifespan or differences among generations.
研究者不知道這些在不同年齡人群觀察到的差異是由于年歲增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的改變還是年代的不同。
'My hunch, though,' Professor Harris said, 'is that the hold envy has on people diminishes with time. My guess is that it's good news about aging.'
“但是我的預(yù)感是人們所持有的嫉妒感會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝而減少， 哈里斯教授說(shuō)，“我想這倒是一個(gè)關(guān)于變老的好消息。
Older women have often been portrayed as green-eyed monsters, envying the young and hankering after their own lost looks.
年紀(jì)大的女人通常都被描述成愛(ài)嫉妒的人，她們嫉妒年輕女子，渴望擁有自己曾經(jīng)的姣好容貌。
But it is actually the young who are the most jealous of each other, envious of their friends' appearances, relationships, and social success, a new study has revealed.
事實(shí)上，新研究揭示，年輕人最愛(ài)嫉妒彼此，他們會(huì)嫉妒朋友的容顏、愛(ài)情和社交的成功。
It also appears that both men and women are more likely to envy someone who is approximately their own age and of the same gender.
還有一種現(xiàn)象，不管男人還是女人都更傾向于嫉妒那些跟他們年紀(jì)相當(dāng)以及同性別的人。
The research was carried out by psychology professor Christine Harris and graduate student Nicole Henniger from the University of California, San Diego and is published in the journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
這項(xiàng)研究由圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授克莉絲汀•哈里斯以及研究生妮可•亨尼希共同實(shí)施執(zhí)行，并發(fā)表在《基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用社會(huì)心理學(xué)》這份期刊上。
The paper covers two studies: one that surveyed more than 900 people aged 18 to 80 on their own experiences of being envious, and another that asked 800 more in the same age range to remember when they had been the targets of envy.
這篇論文包含了兩個(gè)研究：一個(gè)是調(diào)查九百多名18歲至80歲的人關(guān)于自身嫉妒的經(jīng)歷，另外一個(gè)研究是訪問(wèn)另外八百名同齡的人，讓他們回憶自己什么時(shí)候成為被嫉妒的對(duì)象。
Envy was a common experience. More than three quarters of the participants reported experiencing envy in the last year, with slightly more women (79.4 percent) than men (74.1 percent).
嫉妒是一種常見(jiàn)的經(jīng)歷。據(jù)研究報(bào)告，超過(guò)四分之三的調(diào)查參與者在最近的一年里嫉妒過(guò)別人，而其中女性產(chǎn)生嫉妒的比例為79.4%，超過(guò)男性產(chǎn)生嫉妒的比例，后者為74.1%。
But they found that the experience declined with age.
但是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種經(jīng)歷會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而下降。
Around 80 percent of people younger than 30 reported feeling envious in the last year. However, for those aged 50 and over, that figure went down to 69 percent.
據(jù)研究報(bào)告，在過(guò)去的一年里，年紀(jì)低于30歲的人群中有80%左右經(jīng)歷了嫉妒，然而，對(duì)于年紀(jì)超過(guò)50歲的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)比例降到了69%。
Overwhelmingly, people envied others of their own gender.
人們絕大多數(shù)是對(duì)同性的嫉妒。
'It surprised us how consistently men envied other men and women, women,' continued Professor Harris.
“男性嫉妒其他男性，而女性則嫉妒其他女性，這種高度的一致性讓我們驚訝。哈里斯教授說(shuō)道。
'Even in domains like financial and occupational success, where you can imagine that a woman might envy a man his better pay or status, that wasn't usually the case.'
“即使是在諸如金融和職業(yè)成功的領(lǐng)域里，你想象到的是一個(gè)女性可能會(huì)嫉妒一個(gè)男性有更高的薪資和更高的地位，但通常情況并不是這樣。
Also, people most often direct their envy at similarly aged others - within about five years of their own age.
同樣，人們最經(jīng)常將嫉妒的矛頭指向年齡相近的人——與他們的年齡相差在5歲之內(nèi)的人。
The researchers found that what people envied also changed with age.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們所嫉妒的事物也隨著他們的年紀(jì)的變化而改變。
Young people said they felt most envious over looks and romance as well as achievement at school and social success, with 40 percent of participants under 30 said they envied others for their success in romance.
年輕人說(shuō)他們最嫉妒的是外貌、戀愛(ài)史以及在學(xué)校和社會(huì)上取得的成功，其中30歲以下的參與者中有40%的人說(shuō)他們嫉妒他人戀愛(ài)的成功。
But fewer than 15 percent of those over 50 said the same.
但是在超過(guò)50歲的受訪者中只有不到15%的人說(shuō)他們嫉妒的是這類事物。
'Envy of monetary success and occupational success was common across all age groups,' the coauthors write, 'but these two domains were unique in being more often envied by older people.'
“對(duì)于金錢成功和職業(yè)成功的嫉妒是各個(gè)年齡群體中都很常見(jiàn)的，筆者寫道，“但是這兩個(gè)方面獨(dú)特之處在于，年長(zhǎng)的人更容易因此嫉妒。
Elsewhere, the research found that people are more likely to be jealous of their friends than their family - perhaps because the success of these people is more cause for happiness and pride than envy.
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于家人，人們更容易嫉妒朋友，或許是因?yàn)榧胰说某晒?lái)的更多是開(kāi)心與驕傲，而非嫉妒。
The researchers could not determine whether the differences observed with age are due to changes over the lifespan or differences among generations.
研究者不知道這些在不同年齡人群觀察到的差異是由于年歲增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的改變還是年代的不同。
'My hunch, though,' Professor Harris said, 'is that the hold envy has on people diminishes with time. My guess is that it's good news about aging.'
“但是我的預(yù)感是人們所持有的嫉妒感會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝而減少， 哈里斯教授說(shuō)，“我想這倒是一個(gè)關(guān)于變老的好消息。
