2024年高考英語一輪復習語法部分：非謂語動詞 新人教版
2024年高三一輪復習金子般的學案語法部分：非謂語動詞（新人教版）
非謂語動詞包括不定式(to do)、動名詞(－ing)、現在分詞(－ing)與過去分詞(－ed)。它們不受主語人稱和數的限制，在句子中不能充當謂語，但可以充當句子的其他成分，并且有時態和語態的變化。所以，要正確使用非謂語形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表現的意義，要明確非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是“主動”還是“被動(或狀態)”，所表示的動作是“過去”、“現在”還是“將來”，以及和謂語動詞所表示的動作是同步發生還是有先后之分。
一、不定式和動名詞作主語
【例句觀察】
吸煙在這兒是禁止的。
Smoking is prohibited here.
(抽象)
吸煙太多對你不好。
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
(具體)
【結論1】動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作， 而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
【例句觀察】
Working in these conditions is not easy. (一般式)
在這樣的條件下工作不容易。
Having studied computer is an important qualification for the job. (完成式)
學過電腦是獲得這份工作的重要條件。
Their not being served by the waiter added to their anger. (被動式，Their不可用They和Them，not在doing前)
沒有被服務增添了他們的憤怒。
【結論2】動名詞和不定式作主語除了一般式和主動式，還有完成式、被動式。完成式表示該動作比謂語動詞動作先發生。
【完成例句】
(1)他的到來將會是很大的幫助。
His coming here will be a great help. (不可用He和Him)
(2) Jack的突然消失使他們很擔憂。
Jack's suddenly disappearing made them worried. (不可用Jack)
【結論3】當動名詞帶邏輯主語時，只可在其前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格，不可以用人稱代詞主格和賓格，也不可以用名詞的普通格。
【完成例句】
(3)我覺得他一個人是不可能做那份工作的。
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.
(4)他那樣做是理智的。
It was wise of him to do that.
【結論4】It's ＋adj.
/ n. for / of sb. to do sth.
在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, wicked, wrong等后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語，否則用for。
【翻譯句子】
(5)哭是沒有用的。
It is no use / good crying.
【結論5】It is ＋ no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time)＋ doing sth.
二、不定式和動名詞作賓語
【例句觀察】
你介意我看下你的報紙嗎？
Do you mind my / me reading your paper?
她不喜歡Mary那樣說話。
She doesn't like Mary
/ Mary's talking that way.
【結論1】動名詞作賓語時，可以帶邏輯主語。此時，帶邏輯主語既可以是物主代詞或名詞的所有格，也可以是人稱代詞賓格和名詞的普通格。
【例句觀察】
I regret not having taken her advice. (not須放在having前)我很后悔沒有采納她的建議。
They couldn't stand being treated like that.
他們不能忍受被那樣對待。
He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.
他決定幫助我但是我假裝已經完成我的工作了。
【結論2】作賓語的動名詞和不定式除了一般式和主動式，還有完成式、被動式。完成式表示該動作比謂語動詞動作先發生。
常見的帶不定式作賓語的動詞如下：(利用口訣進行記憶，事實上，口訣內的動詞后跟動詞不定式，幾乎都有將來意味。建議考生要記牢口訣。
想要干 want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim，would like / love, desire, swear
早打算 plan, prepare, mean, arrange
同意否 agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse, afford
問問看 ask, beg，(ask to do 要求做…)
決定了 decide, determine / be determined, make up one's mind
盡力干 try, manage(反義詞fail), struggle, strive
別裝蒜 pretend
介詞以及少數動詞(“動詞不定式口訣”以外的動詞)和詞組后只能用動名詞作賓語： admit，dislike，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，bear(忍受)，envy，can't help(不禁)，delay，escape, can't stand(受不了)，deny，excuse(借口)，consider(考慮)，fancy，mind，miss(錯過)，mention, finish，pardon，resist，forgive，imagine，risk，practise，suggest(建議)，keep，quit，put off, give up, feel like, be worth, set
about, burst out, be / get / become used to(習慣于), look forward to, pay attention to, devote…to, lead to, stick to, get close to, object to, contribute to, get down to, be equal to(能勝任), turn to(求助于)等。
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
He used to be late for work, but now he has been used to getting up early.
【完成例句】
(6)你要聽話好好待在家里。
You would be well advised to stay indoors.
(7)老師建議采取不同的方法。
The teacher advised taking a different approach.
【結論3】動詞advise / allow / permit / forbid后跟doing，也可跟sb. to do。
【完成例句】
(8)路被落葉覆蓋住了，它們需要被清理。
The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing / to be removed.
【結論4】need, require, want, deserve ＋doing
/ to be done表示被動意義。
【翻譯句子】
(9) I forgot buying a pen for him yesterday, and returned home directly.
昨天我忘記給他買筆，而是直接回家了。
(10) Thank you for reminding me，or I forget to post my letter.
非常感謝你提醒我，否則我就會忘記去寄信的。
【結論5】①有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語有差別：
forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發生)
stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事)，目的是去做另一
件事
stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事
remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
regret to do對要做的事遺憾(后常跟動詞
say, tell, inform等)
regret doing對做過的事后悔
try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法
mean to do打算，有意要……
mean doing意味著
go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 繼續(原先沒有做完的事情)
propose to do 打算(要做某事)
propose doing建議(做某事)
?、趌ike
/ love / hate /
prefer ＋to do表示具體行為；＋doing sth. 表示抽象、傾向概念。
如果這幾個動詞前有should / would，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.
I should like to see him tomorrow.
【注意】不定式和動名詞作賓語時還有一些固定句型：
There is no use (good / point / sense / harm)＋doing sth. 做某事沒用(不好 / 沒意義 / 沒害處)
have difficulty
/ trouble / problem / a hard time / a good time / fun ＋ (in)＋doing
spend / waste / lose time (in) doing sth.
There is no ＋ doing…(there is no 表“不可能”)
【疑難1】
I think you'll grow to like him when you know him better.
【疑難剖析1】come / become / grow /
get to like / love / realize /
understand
/ know等表示心理活動的過程，意為“漸漸地喜歡上 / 意識到 / 懂了 / 知道了……”
【疑難2】
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.
【疑難剖析2】do / did / does＋nothing/anything/everything but(except)＋動詞原形，如果謂語動詞不是do / did / does，but(except)，所跟的不定式須帶to。
【疑難3】
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
【疑難剖析3】can not (help / choose)but do，can do nothing but do，have no choice / alternative to do表示“不得不”。
【疑難4】
Why not take a holiday?
【疑難剖析4】“Why not ＋動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：“為什么不……？”“干嘛不……？”
【疑難5】
You had better have your eyes examined.
【疑難剖析5】“would rather / had better＋(not)＋動詞原形”意為“寧愿 / 最好(不)做某事”。
【疑難6】
We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.
I don't mind there being a chair here.
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.
【疑難剖析6】there be的非謂語形式：
作動詞expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate賓語時，通常用there to be結構，在mind, object to等后面用there being。作狀語多用there being結構。
【疑難7】
John didn't pass his driving test, but I expected him to.
— Hasn't he finished writing the report？
— No, but he ought to have.
— Aren't you the headmaster?
— No, and I don't want to be.
【疑難剖析7】為避免重復，在hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, need, mean, forget, refuse, tell, know, have to, be going to, used to, ought to等動詞后面再次出現相同的不定式作賓語時，常出現單獨使用的to，而把曾出現過的動詞省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式結構中含有be, have, have been時，要保留這些詞。
三、不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語
【完成例句】
(11)我的建議是馬上開始工作。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
(12)他的愛好是集郵。
His hobby is collecting stamps.
【結論1】不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。
【完成例句】
(13)旅行很有趣但有些累。
Travelling is
interesting but tiring.
(14)學生被迫學得太多會混亂的。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
【結論2】表心理狀態的interesting, exciting, delighting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等形容詞化分詞作表語時，表示“令人……的”；interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, pleased, puzzled, worried, surprised等表示“感到……”。
【完成例句】
(15)工人們被告知他們按小時計酬。
What the workers have been told is that they get paid by the hour.
【結論3】除be done外， get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系動詞都可跟done。如remain seated / hidden，get paid / dressed / changed / stuck / hurt / injured / burnt等。
【完成例句】
(16)他一直沉迷于電腦游戲，所以他得不了好成績。
He was addicted to computer games, so he couldn't get good marks.
【結論4】下列be done表示所處的狀態
be addicted to…沉迷于……
be absorbed in…全神貫注于
be aimed at…旨在 / 意圖……
be armed with… 有……裝備
be buried in…埋葬在……
be based on / upon…以……為基礎
be born…出生于……
be burdened with…擔負著
be crowded with…擠滿了……
be covered with / by…覆蓋著
be coated with…涂抹了……
be combined with…與……聯合
be compared with…與……相比較
be caught in… 陷入……
be lost in…沉迷于……
be concerned about…關心……
be dressed in…穿著……
be devoted to…專心致志于……
be divided into分成
be engaged in…忙于……
be engaged to sb. 與……訂婚
be fixed on…專注于……
be faced with…面臨著……
be filled with…裝滿了……
be greeted with…受到了……問候
be grown up 已經長大了
be hidden in…躲在……
be linked to …與……有關
be paved with…鋪著……
be loaded with…載有……
be located in…位于……
be matched 很般配
be mistaken 弄錯了
be replaced with…更換為……
be related to / with…與……有關
be seated 坐著
be married(to sb. )與某人結婚了
be separated from…與……隔開
be shouldered with…肩負著……
be stationed in…駐扎在……
be surrounded with / by…四周環繞著……
be supposed to do…應該做……
be recovered from …從……中康復
be connected with…與……相連 / 有關
be made of / from / up of由……制成 / 組成
be designed / meant / intended for…專為……而設計
be known as / for / to…以……著稱 / 因……著名 / 為……所知
四、不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語
【完成例句】
(17)我遺憾地告訴你還有東西沒解決。
I regret to tell you that there is something unsolved.
(18)水被工廠污染應該受到批評。
The water polluted by the factory should be to blame.
【結論1】單個非謂語動詞作定語一般在名詞前，但修飾不定代詞時在代詞后；非謂語動詞短語作定語一般要跟在名詞后。
