2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（21）含答案

　　閱讀理解----(2024·南昌市二模，D)

　　Parents say that honesty is the best policy, but they regularly lie to their children as a way of influencing their behavior and emotions, finds new research from the University of Toronto and the University of California.

　　Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying, so Gail Heyman, professor of psychology at the University of California, Diem Luu, a former student of the University of California, and Kang Lee, professor at the University Toronto, set out to explore the underresearched phenomenon.

　　They asked US participants in two related studies about parents lying to their children—either for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.

　　In one of the studies, many parents reported they told their young children that bad things would happen if they didn't go to bed or eat what they were supposed to. Other parents reported inventing magical creatures. One explained, “We told our daughter that if she wrapped up all her pacifiers (橡皮奶嘴) like gifts, the fair would come and give them to the children who needed them.”

　　In the other study, the researchers surveyed college students' recollections about their parents' lying and obtained similar results: parents often lie to their children even as they tell them that lying is unacceptable.

　　The researchers refer to this practice as “parenting by lying”. “We are surprised by how often parenting by lying takes place，” said LEE. Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.

　　“Children sometimes behave in ways that are disruptive or are likely to harm their longterm interests，” said Heyman. “It is common for them to try out a range of strategies, including lying, to stop them.

　　However, parents should be concerned about the possible longterm negative consequences to children's beliefs about honesty.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。父母常教育孩子要誠(chéng)實(shí)，但他們自己有時(shí)卻對(duì)孩子撒謊。研究人員就此現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了調(diào)研，并且提出家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該考慮到對(duì)孩子經(jīng)常說(shuō)謊可能會(huì)造成的長(zhǎng)期的負(fù)面影響的結(jié)論，并建議家長(zhǎng)考慮一些其他的教育方法。

　　16．The subject of parental lying ________.

　　A．was not allowed to be researched in the past

　　B．a(chǎn)ttracts little attention because it is common

　　C．hasn't got many published results about it

　　D．is becoming more and more popular

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中“Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying”可知，對(duì)于父母撒謊的行為很少有報(bào)道。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　17．The study of Gai Heyman, Diem Luu and Kang Lee was focused on parents' lies that ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)im to cover their mistakes

　　B．lead children to hate them

　　C．a(chǎn)im to give children a positive influence

　　D．make children get used to lying

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中“They asked US participants in two related studies about... for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.”可知，父母說(shuō)謊的原因本是想給孩子帶來(lái)積極的影響。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　18．What does Heyman think of parental lying?

　　A．It is a great parenting strategy.

　　B．Parents should think twice before using it.

　　C．It usually does more good than harm.

　　D．Parents should do something to make up for it after using it.

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.”可知，Heyman認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該想清楚對(duì)孩子撒謊的問(wèn)題，在撒謊之前要考慮再三。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　19．Parents usually ________ when their young children don't go to bed properly.

　　A．turn off the bedroom lights and play some music

　　B．shout at them loudly

　　C．shut the door and let them alone

　　D．make up some magical creatures to let them believe

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Other parents reported inventing magical creatures”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。

　　20．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably find the passage?

　　A．Business.

　　B．Education.

　　C．Technology.

　　D．Fashion.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。文章主要討論了父母在教育孩子時(shí)，是否應(yīng)該撒謊的問(wèn)題。故最有可能在報(bào)紙上的教育一欄出現(xiàn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　閱讀理解 C

　　As thousands of communities in the USA — especially in the South — became booming gateways for immigrant families from Central and South America during the 1990s and the early years of the new century, public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large numbers of English learners arriving in their classrooms.

　　Education programs needed to be built from scratch. “We had no teaching resources suitable for English learners here before. We had to develop them all ourselves,” a Texas principal said. Throughout the country, districts had to train their own teachers to teach English to non-native speakers or recruit teachers from elsewhere. School staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who spoke no English.

　　But even as immigration has slowed or stopped in many places, and instructional programs for English-learners have matured, serving immigrant families and their children remains a work in progress in many public schools, especially those in communities that are skeptical, or sometimes unwelcoming, to the newcomers. One of the biggest challenges educators face, is communicating effectively with parents who don’t speak English — an issue that, in part, has contributed to recent complaints of discrimination by Latino students in some cities.

　　“The parents’ role is very important for the success of these students, but it's also one of the most difficult things we’ve had to tackle,” said Jim D. Rollins, the president of the Springdale school district, where the 19,000-student school system has gone from having no English-learners 15 years ago to more than 7,500 now. “You have to make it a priority and work on it, work on it, and work on it.”

　　Aside from the practical challenges, such as finding bilingual (會(huì)說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的) staff members, guiding districts through such dramatic changes requires school leaders to bridge difficult political and cultural divides. For school leaders in the South, especially in the last few years, this difficult job has been made harder still by the negative attitudes of some locals towards immigrants.

　　36. According to the passage, what is the problem that public schools are facing?

　　A. Handling more cases from the immigrant Mexican communities.

　　B. Offering services to immigrant families in the southern states.

　　C. Offering enough communicative lessons to immigrant parents.

　　D. Providing education for non-native English learners.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large numbers of English learners arriving in their classrooms.37. The underlined part “built from scratch” (in Paragraph 2) probably means “________”.

　　A. completely new

　　B. painful to make

　　C. based on past experience

　　D. constructed gradually

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)We had no teaching resources suitable for English learners here before.38. What is one of the things the school leaders have done to deal with the problems?

　　A. Provide more Spanish-only classes.

　　B. Invite more teachers from other places.

　　C. Train their teachers to speak Spanish.

　　D. Use bilingual parents as part-time teachers.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Throughout the country, districts had to train their own teachers to teach English to non-native speakers or recruit teachers from elsewhere.39. What do we know about the immigrant parents?

　　A. Many of them cannot speak English.

　　B. Most of them think education is not important.

　　C. Some of them feel skeptical about the local community.

　　D. Few of them have attended American schools.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)School staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who spoke no English.40. According to Paragraph 3, what has caused some of the recent complaints by Latino students?

　　A. Discrimination by schools.

　　B. Unfriendliness of the locals.

　　C. Miscommunication with parents.

　　D. Poor government service.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One of the biggest challenges educators face, is communicating effectively with parents who don’t speak English — an issue that, in part, has contributed to complaints of discrimination by Latino students in some cities.由于學(xué)生的家長(zhǎng)不會(huì)英語(yǔ)所以交流起來(lái)有一定的困難，容易引起誤解，故選C。

　　閱讀理解---D

　　(2024·太原市二模，C)

　　Facebook has been tricking people into using its socalled “fun, free service”.

　　Users, however, are actually paying an unconscious high price—the leak of their personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

　　Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Facebook because people don't really know what their personal data is worth.

　　The biggest problem is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep

　　everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little

　　private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your

　　city, your photo, your friends' names—were set to be shared with everyone on the Internet.

　　According to Facebook's vicepresident Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to

　　improve its service, and if people don't share information, they have a “l(fā)ess satisfying experience”．

　　Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money.

　　Its original

　　business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the pages, was a total

　　failure. Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends?

　　The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington.

　　In April,

　　Senator Charles Sehumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy.

　　He also urged the

　　Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for socialnetworking sites.

　　Whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning, and that is

　　why I'm considering closing my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that

　　my information is in the hands of people I don't trust. That's too high a price to pay.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。Facebook是一個(gè)世界上很受歡迎的免費(fèi)社交網(wǎng)站，然而其用戶的個(gè)人信息卻在不知不覺(jué)中被運(yùn)營(yíng)商出賣并濫用。本文對(duì)此進(jìn)行了討論。

　　12．According to the passage, the majority of Facebook users are unconscious that Facebook ________.

　　A．makes big financial gain by selling their personal data

　　B．makes its free service possible by selling ad space

　　C．profits by sending targeted messages

　　D．profits by offering personal information to its users

　　答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二、三句“Users, however, are actually paying an unconscious high price—the leak of their personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their

　　data to advertisers...”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。

　　13．What can be learned from the passage?

　　A．Facebook rule changes are indeed meant for the good of users.

　　B．With its trick exposed, Facebook will see its users reduced sharply.

　　C．The original business model did not bring Facebook the desired benefits.

　　D．Few Facebook users care about the leak of their personal information.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句“Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the pages, was a total failure.”可推知，C項(xiàng)正確。

　　14．Which of the following is true according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A．The writer and Senator Schumer disagree sharply on this issue.

　　B．Facebook's privacy policy has the support of the government.

　　C．Socialnetworking sites like Facebook are under strict state control.

　　D．Senator Schumer is not satisfied with Facebook's privacy policy.

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington.”和倒數(shù)第二段中Senator Charles Schumer的呼吁可推知，D項(xiàng)正確。

　　15．Why does the author plan to close his Facebook account?

　　A．To escape Facebook's membership fee.

　　B．To avoid his personal data being abused.

　　C．To protect the safety of his bank account.

　　D．To support Senator Schumer's call.

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“... but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't trust”可推知，B項(xiàng)正確。

　　閱讀理解-----D

　　Steven Spielberg’s new movie Lincoln paints a vivid and breath-taking picture of the 16th U.S. president and his determination to end slavery. Spielberg based his film on parts of Team of Rivals, a book by Doris Kearns Goodwin. He makes Abraham Lincoln relevant today by presenting a cunning political mind trying to overcome Washington’s all too familiar political divisions.

　　In previous movies, Lincoln was shown as a simple yet almost perfect man. But Spielberg’s Lincoln is different. “I was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems. Not some angel,” Spielberg said.

　　We watch the president first ending slavery and then the war.

　　The film’s adviser, historian Eric Martin, explains how Lincoln's thinking evolved.

　　“His main objective when the war began was not the freeing of the slaves but to keep the country united. Lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,” Martin said.

　　The film focuses on the last four months of his presidency.

　　In the movie, the arguments among political enemies seem very similar to the problems we see in Washington today. The disagreements were bitter.

　　The film turns to Lincoln’s relationships with his wife and kids, his beliefs and constant self-examination. Daniel Day-Lewis, the actor who plays Lincoln, offers an Oscar-worthy performance as the 16th President. Not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of Lincoln’s mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice.

　　“I found it very easy to play the role of Lincoln because the real man himself was so open.

　　When I was researching his history to prepare for the part, one of the most surprising things I found was just how accessible he was. Even in war-time, when he was in great danger, he was always willing to meet with others and share his ideas,” Day-Lewis said.

　　Spielberg’s Lincoln will head to the Oscars. But more important it will make history.