高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品語法課件專題11 名詞性從句

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　　16．[2010·浙江卷] —How about camping this weekend，just for a change?

　　—OK，________you want.

　　A．whichever

　　B．however

　　C．whatever

　　D．whoever

　　【解析】 C　句意：“這個周末野營怎么樣，來點新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”答語中謂語動詞want缺少賓語，排除B、D項；whichever需要在語境中給出具體范圍，所以排除A項。whatever等于anything that。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 17．[2010·陜西卷] It never occurred to me ________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．if

　　【解析】 C　本題考查名詞性從句中的主語從句。It 為形式主語，真正的主語從句中不缺任何成分，根據(jù)句子意思，只需要用that 連接。 18．[2010·四川卷] How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on ________ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.

　　A．what

　　B．who

　　C．how

　　D．why

　　【解析】 B　考查連詞詞義辨析。賓語從句中with缺少賓語，whether his friends or relatives暗示缺少的是指人的賓語。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 19．— You know,

　　I'm poor in Chinese;

　　you are not good at English, and …

　　—

　　That's ________ we should help each other.

　　A．when

　　B．where

　　C．how

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查名詞性從句。

　　where引導(dǎo)的從句作表語，where意為“……的地方”。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 20．The free tickets will go to ______________ comes first to the concert.

　　A．whoever

　　B．whomever

　　C．whichever

　　D．no matter who

　　【解析】 A　本題考查名詞性從句。

　　題干句子空白處用whoever連接賓語從句同時在賓語從句中作主語，指人。句意為：免費票將送給第一個來聽音樂會的聽眾，不管他是誰。注意no matter who只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不能連接名詞性從句。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練專題一正反解讀冠詞專題二正反解讀名詞專題三正反解讀代詞專題四正反解讀形容詞、副詞專題五正反解讀介詞專題六正反解讀動詞和動詞短語專題七正反解讀非謂語動詞專題八正反解讀情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題九正反解讀動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài) 專題十正反解讀定語從句專題十一正反解讀名詞性從句專題十二正反解讀狀語從句專題十三正反解讀特殊句式專題十四正反解讀主謂一致與數(shù)詞【人教課標(biāo)版】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件 — 語法專題語法專題專題十一

　　正反解讀名詞性從句

　　專題十一 │ 考點薈萃考點薈萃

　　名詞性從句一直備受高考命題者的關(guān)注，近幾年來的高考題主要考查在具體語境中連接詞的選擇，尤其是連接詞what和that的辨析，以及whether 與if表示“是否”時的區(qū)別。因此，正確區(qū)分名詞性從句的類型，根據(jù)在從句中的作用和所表達(dá)的意義，確定恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞是一輪復(fù)習(xí)的重點。此外，名詞性從句和定語從句的辨析，也是高考考查的重點。

　　一、認(rèn)識各種名詞性從句

　　名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作句子的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句具體分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / if，連接代詞what / who(m)/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞where / when / why / how 。專題十一 │ 正面解讀正面解讀

　　從名詞性從句在句中所起的作用來說，名詞性從句是句子不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之間也不會用逗號隔開。而定語從句和狀語從句是句子中的修飾成分，去掉之后不會影響句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。這是判斷是否是名詞性從句最主要的特征。如：

　　I wonder how much these shoes cost.

　　(賓語從句，不可省去)

　　He is the very man I look after. (定語從句，修飾the man)

　　You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. (狀語從句) 專題十一 │ 正面解讀 1．主語從句

　　Who will go is not important.

　　It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not. (形式主語it代替后面的真正的主語從句)

　　注意：that引導(dǎo)主語從句放于句首時，不能省略。

　　That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

　　2．表語從句

　　The question was who could go there.

　　My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work.

　　That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.

　　It looked as if it was going to rain.

　　專題十一 │ 正面解讀 3 . 賓語從句

　　I hope (that) everything is all right.

　　注意：(1)that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，常可省略，但如果有兩個以上的賓語從句時，最后一個從句的that不能省略。如：

　　I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job.

　　(2) 如果動詞賓語后又有補(bǔ)語，那么要使用it作形式賓語，然后把賓語從句放在補(bǔ)語之后。如：

　　I make it known that we'll be invited to the ball.

　　專題十一 │ 正面解讀 (3) 如果主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是一般過去時，那么從句的時態(tài)要采用相應(yīng)的與過去有關(guān)的時態(tài)，但如果從句描述的是客觀事實，從句時態(tài)不可調(diào)整“呼應(yīng)”。如：

　　She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate.

　　Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.

　　4．同位語從句

　　同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。如：

　　I have no idea when he will be back.

　　The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

　　專題十一 │ 正面解讀

　　注意：

　　在動詞：一堅持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建議(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后的賓語從句和這些動詞的過去分詞后的主語從句，以及這些動詞的名詞引出的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語部分常用(should)do形式。如：

　　He insisted that he (should) try once again.

　　His advice is that everyone (should) do his best to help the poor girl.

　　It is required that students (should) attend at least 90% of the lectures.

　　專題十一 │ 正面解讀二、名詞性從句的連接詞

　　名詞性從句的連接詞是名詞性從句中最核心的問題，也是高考的常考點。連接詞的選擇要考慮它在從句中的作用和所表達(dá)的意義。專題十一 │ 正面解讀專題十一 │ 正面解讀　連接詞詞義在句中所例句作成分從屬連詞　 that / / The problem is that we don't have enough money. 　　 if/ whether 是否 /

　　The question is whether they have so much money. 專題十一 │ 正面解讀　連接詞詞義在句中所例句作成分連接代詞　　 who/ whom/ which/ whose/ what 原疑問代詞的意義；what更常表示：the thing that

　　/ the …that 所……的東西/…… 主語、賓語、表語、定語 ①Pay attention to what the teacher said.

　　②Who kept the door open all night was unknown. whoever/ whomever / which- ever/

　　whatever

　　無論誰/ 無論哪個(些)/無論什么主語、賓語、表語、定語 ①Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

　　②You can take whichever book you like.

　　專題十一 │ 正面解讀　連接詞詞義在句中所作成分例句連接副詞 when/ where/ why/ how

　　原疑問副詞的意義或“……的時間(the time when)；……的地點(the place where)；……的原因(the reason why)”；……的方式(the way that) 狀語 ①When he will go is unknown. ②I wonder why he tried to avoid me.

　　③This room is where I was born.

　　④This is how we work.

　　1． what與that (1) 【誤】 All what he did was for you.

　　【正】 What he did was for you.

　　【正】 All that he did was for you.

　　(2) 【誤】 I was thinking that I could do for you.

　　【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you.

　　【解析】 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，what相當(dāng)于the thing that/ the …that/ all that等，具體的意義要根據(jù)上下文確定。在名詞性從句中，what既有意義，又在從句中作一定的成分，而that無意義，且在從句中不作成分。專題十一 │ 反面解讀反面解讀 2． who與 whoever

　　【誤】 Who is the first to come will get a gift.

　　【正】

　　Whoever is the first to come will get a gift.

　　【正】

　　Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift.

　　【解析】 whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“無論誰”，相當(dāng)于anyone who；而who意為“誰”。 3． whether與if (1) 【誤】 They don't know if to go there.

　　【正】 They don't know whether to go there.

　　(2) 【誤】 It depends on if we have enough time.

　　【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time.

　　【解析】在以下情況只能用whether不能用if：專題十一 │ 反面解讀 ① 作介詞賓語時，連接詞一般用whether。

　　It all depends on whether they will come back.

　　② 后面直接跟or not 時，用whether。

　　I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.

　　③ 主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，只能用whether。

　　Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.

　　The question is whether they have so much time.

　　④ whether可與動詞不定式連用，但if不能。

　　I have not decided whether to go or not.

　　⑤ whether可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，表示“不管，無論”，而if不能。

　　Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.

　　專題十一 │ 反面解讀 4． whoever 與whomever

　　【誤】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most.

　　【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most.

　　【解析】此處，whoever在從句中作主語，因此不能用whomever。名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇要注意其意義及它在從句中所作的成分。 5．【誤】 He will win the match is certain.

　　【正】 That he will win the match is certain.

　　【正】 It is certain that he will win the match.

　　【解析】 that位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不能省略。

　　專題十一 │ 反面解讀 6．【誤】 What we bought was some bananas.

　　【正】 What we bought were some bananas.

　　【解析】 what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，若表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。 7．名詞性從句的語序

　　【誤】 So now you know what should you do.

　　【正】 So now you know what you should do.

　　【解析】名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。專題十一 │ 反面解讀 8．【誤】

　　There's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.

　　【正】 It's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.

　　【解析】 It is a fact that…句型中，It為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that…從句。it不能換成there。 9．【誤】 He is late. That's why he got up late this morning.

　　【正】 He is late. That's because he got up late this morning.

　　【解析】 That's why………的原因；That's because …那是因為……此處起床晚是遲到的原因，故用That's because… 專題十一 │ 反面解讀 10．【誤】 We'll discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium.

　　【正】 We'll discuss the problem when/whether the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium.

　　【解析】如果用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句意義不完整，這時可根據(jù)情況選用whether, when等。專題十一 │ 反面解讀 1． [2010·全國卷Ⅰ] We haven't discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　【解析】D where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。 2． [2009·北京卷]

　　At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________it got any better.

　　A．when

　　B．how

　　C．why

　　D．if

　　【解析】 D　考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。

　　句意為：最初他不喜歡這份新工作，但是他決定給自己幾個月的時間來看一下這份工作是否會變得更好。所以用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練 3． [2010·全國卷Ⅱ] —Have you finished the book?

　　—No. I've read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查賓語從句連接詞。答句句意為：我已經(jīng)讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘洞穴的部分。where引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)up to的賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點概念。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 4． [2010·福建卷] We should respect food and think about the people who don't have ________ we have here and treat food nicely.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．whether

　　【解析】 C　考查引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：我們應(yīng)該尊重食物，考慮那些沒有我們擁有的東西并很好地對待食物的人們。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the people，定語從句中又含有一個賓語從句，這個賓語從句中we have 缺少賓語，所以用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 5．________ the flight to New York will be delayed is ________I'm especially worried about.

　　A．If; what

　　B．Whether; that

　　C．When; that

　　D．Whether; what

　　【解析】 D　句意為：到紐約的航班是否會被耽擱是我特別擔(dān)心的事情。放在句首的主語從句表“是否”要用whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用if，what引導(dǎo)表語從句。表示所擔(dān)心的事情。選D。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 6． [2010·重慶卷] To improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions ________ had

　　used the products.

　　A．whoever

　　B．who

　　C．whichever

　　D．which

　　【解析】 A　考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：為了提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，我們向任何使用過我們產(chǎn)品的人征求意見。這里可以表示“任何人”的只有whoever，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語。正常語序應(yīng)為…asked whoever had used the products for suggestions。專題十一 │ 實戰(zhàn)演練 7． [2010·北京卷] ________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.

　　A．Whether

　　B．What

　　C．That

　　D．How

　　【解析】 B　本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。在主語從句________some people regard as a drawback中，regard缺少賓語，選B。 8.

　　[2010·北京卷] I want to be liked and loved for ________I am inside.