山東省高密市教科院2024屆高考英語二輪復習《名詞》學案

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山東省高密市教科院2024屆高考英語二輪復習《名詞》學案

  山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《名詞》學案

  名詞學習目標:

  1. 熟記近義名詞的辨析;

  2. 熟記常見的不可數名詞,單復數同形的

  名詞,形單義復的名詞和集合名詞表示

  單復數的情況,如:advice, furniture,

  equipment; means, works (工廠), series;

  police, cattle, family, audience等等;

  3. 掌握名詞的抽象化和具體化;

  4. 掌握名詞的所有格;

  5. 熟記名詞的固定搭配使用。

  名詞在高考中的考查重點:

  一般在單項選擇以及完型填空和短文改錯中出現,絕大多數是考查名詞詞義辨析,名詞和表示數量詞結合的考查,以及主謂一致的考查以及在具體語境中的理解和應用也將占有一席之地。

  解題方法:

  熟記近義名詞的辨析

  熟記常見的不可數名詞, 單復數同形的名詞, 形單義復的名詞和集合名詞表示單復數的情況, 如:advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工廠), series; police, cattle;family, audience等等

  高考例題

  【2024福建卷】25.

  一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

  一 Well, you know, English is my

  . So it is my best choice.

  A. strength B. talent C. ability D.' skill

  【考點】本題考查名詞辨析

  【答案】A

  【解析】根據后半句的進一步解釋“So it is my best choice”“這是我最好的選擇”可知本空指的的是“英語是我的強項”,strength意為“優勢,強項”與weakness是反義詞。

  【2024浙江卷】7. Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

  A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character

  【考點】名詞

  【答案】C

  【解析】根據句意:作為一個學生,你的學習(performance)會很棒的如果你能夠養成對所學的的東西進行反思的話。operation操作、手術;growth增長;character人物、角色,均不符合語境,故排除。

  【2024湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.

  A. symptom

  B. similarity

  C. sample

  D. shadow

  【答案】 A

  【考點】考查名詞辨析。難度中等。

  【解析】句意為:定期檢查眼睛看看是否有眼疾癥狀很重要。A項意為“癥狀”,符合句意;B項意為“類似”,C項意為“樣本”,D項意為“陰影”,都與語意不符。

  名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。

  專有名詞:表示具體的人,事物,地點,團體或機構的專有名稱(第一個字母要大寫) 例:China 中國,Asia 亞洲,Beijing 北京。專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長城)。

  普通名詞:

  1) 個體名詞:表示個別人或物的名稱,如:computer。

  2) 集體名詞:表示一群人或一些事物的名稱,如:family。

  3) 物質名詞:表示物質或不具備確定形狀和大小的個體的物質,如:air。

  4) 抽象名詞:表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念,如:anger。

  個體名詞和集體名詞一般是可數名詞。

  物質名詞和抽象名詞一般是不可數名詞。可數名詞變復數的規則變化

  1) 一般在詞尾 加-s

  scientist-scientists

  2) 以s, sh, ch, x等結尾 加-es

  bus-buses;

  watch-watches

  3) 以ce, se, ze等結尾 加-s

  license-licenses

  4) 以輔音字母+y結尾 變y為i再加-es

  baby-

  babies

  以元音字母+y結尾 加-s

  key-keys

  5) 以o結尾的名詞,變復數時:①以輔音字

  母加o結尾的詞,一般加-es(photo等例

  外);hero-heroes ②以元音字母加o結尾

  的詞,則直接加-s

  radio-radios

  6) 以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時:

  可數名詞變復數的不規則變化

  ①加-s,如: belief-beliefs;roof-roofs

  ②去f, fe 加-ves,如:half-halves; knife-knives;leaf-leaves;wife-wives  

  wolf-wolves

  1) child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men; woman-women; mouse-mice

  2) 單復同形,如:deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese

  3) 集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復 數。例如:people, police, cattle等本身就是復數

  4) 以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:maths, politics, physics, news等

  名詞所有格

  英語中有些名詞可以加 “ ’s ”來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher’s book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1) 單數名詞詞尾加 “ ’s ”,如:the boy’s bag 男孩的書包,復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加 “ ’s ”,如:men’s room 男廁所。

  2) 以 s 結尾 ,一般加 “ ’ ”,如:the Smiths’ car 史密斯家的車

  3) 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有’s,則表示“分別有”;只有一個’s,則表示“共有”。如:John’s and Mary’s rooms(兩間)John and Mary’s room(一間)

  4) 合成詞在最后加 “ ’s ”,如: the editor-in-chief’s office 總編的辦公室

  anybody else’s opinion 他人意見

  5) 名詞的雙重所有格:of + 名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞。如:a few books of Jack’s 杰克的幾本書

  鞏固練習

  Multiple choice.

  1. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _____ for a wedding in some countries. (2007浙江)

  A. way

  B. situation

  C. event

  D. choice

  2. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise. (2007遼寧)

  A. limit

  B. lack

  C. need

  D. demand

  3. — You are always full of _____. Can you tell me the secret?

  — Taking plenty of exercise every day. (2007福建)

  A. power??????????

  B. strength?????????

  C. force????????????

  D. energy

  4. — Shall we go out for a walk?

  — Sorry. This is not the right _____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. (2008江西)

  A. moment

  B. situation

  C. place

  D. chance

  5. Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. (2008浙江)

  A. sense

  B. view

  C. means

  D. idea

  6. — Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

  — Because the old one has been damaged _____. (2008江蘇)

  A. beyond reach

  B. beyond repair

  C. beyond control

  D. beyond description

  7. The _____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car. (2009江西)

  A. girl’s; Tom’s

  B. girls’; Toms’

  C. girls’; Tom’s

  D. girl’s; Toms’

  8. China has got a good _____ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽)

  A. reputation

  B. influence

  C. impression

  D. knowledge

  9. — He says that my new car is a _____ of money.

  — Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? (2009山東)

  A. lack

  B. load

  C. question

  D. waste

  10. James took the magazines off the little table to make _____ for the television. (2010天津)

  A. room

  B. area

  C. field

  D. position

  11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____. (2010江蘇)

  A. expectation

  B. reputation

  C. contribution

  D. civilization

  12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _____ from this medicine. (2010山東)

  A. relief

  B. safety

  C. defense

  D. shelter

  13. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____. (2011江蘇)

  A. consequence

  B. independence

  C. competence

  D. intelligence

  14. Anyway, I can’t cheat him — it’s against all my _____. (2011浙江)

  A. emotions

  B. principles

  C. regulations

  D. opinions

  15. There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. (2011山東)

  A. tradition

  B. balance

  C. concern

  D. relationship

  山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《名詞》學案

  名詞學習目標:

  1. 熟記近義名詞的辨析;

  2. 熟記常見的不可數名詞,單復數同形的

  名詞,形單義復的名詞和集合名詞表示

  單復數的情況,如:advice, furniture,

  equipment; means, works (工廠), series;

  police, cattle, family, audience等等;

  3. 掌握名詞的抽象化和具體化;

  4. 掌握名詞的所有格;

  5. 熟記名詞的固定搭配使用。

  名詞在高考中的考查重點:

  一般在單項選擇以及完型填空和短文改錯中出現,絕大多數是考查名詞詞義辨析,名詞和表示數量詞結合的考查,以及主謂一致的考查以及在具體語境中的理解和應用也將占有一席之地。

  解題方法:

  熟記近義名詞的辨析

  熟記常見的不可數名詞, 單復數同形的名詞, 形單義復的名詞和集合名詞表示單復數的情況, 如:advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工廠), series; police, cattle;family, audience等等

  高考例題

  【2024福建卷】25.

  一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

  一 Well, you know, English is my

  . So it is my best choice.

  A. strength B. talent C. ability D.' skill

  【考點】本題考查名詞辨析

  【答案】A

  【解析】根據后半句的進一步解釋“So it is my best choice”“這是我最好的選擇”可知本空指的的是“英語是我的強項”,strength意為“優勢,強項”與weakness是反義詞。

  【2024浙江卷】7. Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

  A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character

  【考點】名詞

  【答案】C

  【解析】根據句意:作為一個學生,你的學習(performance)會很棒的如果你能夠養成對所學的的東西進行反思的話。operation操作、手術;growth增長;character人物、角色,均不符合語境,故排除。

  【2024湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.

  A. symptom

  B. similarity

  C. sample

  D. shadow

  【答案】 A

  【考點】考查名詞辨析。難度中等。

  【解析】句意為:定期檢查眼睛看看是否有眼疾癥狀很重要。A項意為“癥狀”,符合句意;B項意為“類似”,C項意為“樣本”,D項意為“陰影”,都與語意不符。

  名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。

  專有名詞:表示具體的人,事物,地點,團體或機構的專有名稱(第一個字母要大寫) 例:China 中國,Asia 亞洲,Beijing 北京。專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長城)。

  普通名詞:

  1) 個體名詞:表示個別人或物的名稱,如:computer。

  2) 集體名詞:表示一群人或一些事物的名稱,如:family。

  3) 物質名詞:表示物質或不具備確定形狀和大小的個體的物質,如:air。

  4) 抽象名詞:表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念,如:anger。

  個體名詞和集體名詞一般是可數名詞。

  物質名詞和抽象名詞一般是不可數名詞。可數名詞變復數的規則變化

  1) 一般在詞尾 加-s

  scientist-scientists

  2) 以s, sh, ch, x等結尾 加-es

  bus-buses;

  watch-watches

  3) 以ce, se, ze等結尾 加-s

  license-licenses

  4) 以輔音字母+y結尾 變y為i再加-es

  baby-

  babies

  以元音字母+y結尾 加-s

  key-keys

  5) 以o結尾的名詞,變復數時:①以輔音字

  母加o結尾的詞,一般加-es(photo等例

  外);hero-heroes ②以元音字母加o結尾

  的詞,則直接加-s

  radio-radios

  6) 以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時:

  可數名詞變復數的不規則變化

  ①加-s,如: belief-beliefs;roof-roofs

  ②去f, fe 加-ves,如:half-halves; knife-knives;leaf-leaves;wife-wives  

  wolf-wolves

  1) child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men; woman-women; mouse-mice

  2) 單復同形,如:deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese

  3) 集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復 數。例如:people, police, cattle等本身就是復數

  4) 以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:maths, politics, physics, news等

  名詞所有格

  英語中有些名詞可以加 “ ’s ”來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher’s book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1) 單數名詞詞尾加 “ ’s ”,如:the boy’s bag 男孩的書包,復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加 “ ’s ”,如:men’s room 男廁所。

  2) 以 s 結尾 ,一般加 “ ’ ”,如:the Smiths’ car 史密斯家的車

  3) 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有’s,則表示“分別有”;只有一個’s,則表示“共有”。如:John’s and Mary’s rooms(兩間)John and Mary’s room(一間)

  4) 合成詞在最后加 “ ’s ”,如: the editor-in-chief’s office 總編的辦公室

  anybody else’s opinion 他人意見

  5) 名詞的雙重所有格:of + 名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞。如:a few books of Jack’s 杰克的幾本書

  鞏固練習

  Multiple choice.

  1. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _____ for a wedding in some countries. (2007浙江)

  A. way

  B. situation

  C. event

  D. choice

  2. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise. (2007遼寧)

  A. limit

  B. lack

  C. need

  D. demand

  3. — You are always full of _____. Can you tell me the secret?

  — Taking plenty of exercise every day. (2007福建)

  A. power??????????

  B. strength?????????

  C. force????????????

  D. energy

  4. — Shall we go out for a walk?

  — Sorry. This is not the right _____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. (2008江西)

  A. moment

  B. situation

  C. place

  D. chance

  5. Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. (2008浙江)

  A. sense

  B. view

  C. means

  D. idea

  6. — Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

  — Because the old one has been damaged _____. (2008江蘇)

  A. beyond reach

  B. beyond repair

  C. beyond control

  D. beyond description

  7. The _____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car. (2009江西)

  A. girl’s; Tom’s

  B. girls’; Toms’

  C. girls’; Tom’s

  D. girl’s; Toms’

  8. China has got a good _____ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽)

  A. reputation

  B. influence

  C. impression

  D. knowledge

  9. — He says that my new car is a _____ of money.

  — Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? (2009山東)

  A. lack

  B. load

  C. question

  D. waste

  10. James took the magazines off the little table to make _____ for the television. (2010天津)

  A. room

  B. area

  C. field

  D. position

  11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____. (2010江蘇)

  A. expectation

  B. reputation

  C. contribution

  D. civilization

  12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _____ from this medicine. (2010山東)

  A. relief

  B. safety

  C. defense

  D. shelter

  13. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____. (2011江蘇)

  A. consequence

  B. independence

  C. competence

  D. intelligence

  14. Anyway, I can’t cheat him — it’s against all my _____. (2011浙江)

  A. emotions

  B. principles

  C. regulations

  D. opinions

  15. There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. (2011山東)

  A. tradition

  B. balance

  C. concern

  D. relationship

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