山東省高密市教科院2024屆高考英語二輪復習《代詞》學案
山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《代詞》學案
代詞及it學習目標：
1. 掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代
詞、關系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞的用法；
2. 掌握it的基本用法。
代詞在高考中的考查重點：
1. 人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法；
2. 名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞的用法；
3. 反身代詞的用法；
4. 指示代詞this, that, these, those的用法；
5. 表示兩者和多者的不定代詞的比較；
6. some, any的用法辨析；
7. each, every的用法辨析；
8. (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析；
9. 替代詞it, that, (the) one(s), those的用
法辨析；
10. another, (the) other(s), else; the rest
的用法辨析；
11. every-, some-, any-, no-與-thing, -one,
-body構成的復合不定代詞的用法；
12. it的用法。
【2024全國II】9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
A. herself
B. this
C. that
D. it
【答案】D
【考點】考查代詞的用法。
【解析】此處it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式短語。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及時到達了機場趕上了她的航班。
【2024江西卷】23．My brother would like to buy a good watch but
was available from that shop. A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither
【答案】B
【考點】不定代詞
【解析】此處 nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，強調“每一個”；no one只能指人；neither表兩者都不，故此題選B。
【2024北京卷】 If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get
for me?
A.
one
B.
such
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】A
【考點】代詞的用法
【解析】根據句意：如果你去報攤上買今天的報紙，給我捎回一份好嗎？one作“一個”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用來代替上文提到過的paper。相當于a copy of paper.
【2024浙江卷】5. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【考點】代詞
【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示復數、特指，被of McDonald’s修飾，符合語境。Ones表示復數、泛指；any任何一個；all全部，均不符合語境，故排除。
一、概念
代詞是代替名詞的詞，按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞和連接代詞等。
二、相關知識點精講
1. 人稱代詞 1) 代替人或物的代詞稱為人稱代詞。
2) 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作 主語，賓格作賓語。如：
I like table tennis.
（作主語） Do you know him? （作賓語）
3) 人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。
4) 人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
2. 物主代詞
1) 表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。)
2）形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3) 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語）
--- Is this English-book yours?（作表語）
--- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作賓語）
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞起指示、指代作用。包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
In those days the workers had a hard time.
2) 有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this: pronunciation
is very important in learning English.
3) 有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as
good as those made in Shanghai.
4) this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1) 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。如：He called himself a writer.
2) 作表語。如：It doesn’t matter. I’ll be myself soon.
3) 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。如：I myself washed the clothes.
反身代詞短語
enjoy oneself
過得快活 make oneself at home
別客氣，別拘束
make oneself understood/heard使自己被別人理解/聽到
for oneself
為自己
by oneself
獨自地
5. 不定代詞：
some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示請求并希望對方能給予肯定回答時，可用于疑問句中；any一般用于否定和疑問句中，但當any強調“任何”時，也可用于肯定句中。
同理：something, somebody, someone的用法同some；anything, anybody,
anyone的用法同any。
one, both, all 的用法
① some用于肯定句中，用于單數可數名詞前表示“某一”。
I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定語）
② 在期待對方回答yes時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀請） Mum, could you give me some money?
（請求）
③ any用于疑問句和否定句。
Is there any student in the classroom?
No, there isn’t any student.
④ any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any day is okay for me.
one指人或物，“一個”，其復數為ones。
This is not the one I want. (表語)
both指人或指物，“兩者都”。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways. (定語)
· 注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時，用neither。
· Both of us are not teachers.
我們倆并不都是教師。
Neither of us is a teacher.
我們倆都不是教師。
· both不能放在the、these、those、my等 之后，而應放在它們的前面。
· Both my parents like this film.
all“全部的”、“整個的”，可與可數或不可數名詞連用，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三個或三個以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.
他把全部的錢給了我。
All the schools are flooded.
所有的學校都被淹了。
· 注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
· Not all the ants go out for food.
All the ants don’t go out for food.
并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。
None of the money is mine.
這錢一分也不是我的。
other, others, the other, the others 和 another
the other表示“兩者中的另一個”；
other意思是“其他的”，不能單獨使用，后
面必須接名詞，表泛指；others可指其他的人或東西，相當于other+名詞復數；
the others特指其他某些人或物，相當于the other+名詞復數。
another修飾或代替單數可數名詞，意為“(三個或三個以上的)另一個”，不能指兩者中的另一個，在句中可作賓語和定語。
例句：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing. Please give me another book.
6. 相互代詞：表相互關系。each other主要用于兩者；one another用于三者或三者以上，在現代英語中它們可通用。
7. 疑問代詞：表疑問。what指事或物，不強調范圍；who (whom，whose)指人；
which既可指人也可指物，但強調范圍。
8. 關系代詞：引導定語從句。who， whom，whose，which，that，as
9. 連接代詞：引導名詞性從句。who，whom，whose，what，which
代詞 it
1. 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 用以代替指示代詞this, that。
--- Whose exercise-book is that?
--- It’s hers.
3. 表示時間、天氣、距離季節、 環境、情況等。
It’s time for lunch.
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
It’s about two hours from here to the zoo.
It’s winter now.
It was very quiet (noisy) at the moment.
作形式主語，代替由不定式（或不定式復合結構）、動名詞或從句表示的真正
主語。
It is exciting to find an ancient tomb.
(代替不定式)
It was wrong for you not to help her.
(代替不定式復合結構)
It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.
(代替主語從句)
作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。
We thought it no use doing that.
It強調句型
為了強調句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語、地點狀語或時間狀語），常用強調結構：
“It is (was) + 被強調成分 + that (或
who) …”
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday.
帶it的一些固定詞組
1. (You’ve / I’ve) got it. 懂了，明白了。
2. Forget it. 算了吧，別在意，沒關系。
3. take it easy 別著急，慢慢來；別過于緊張
4. make it 辦得到，做成功
5. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情況而定。
6. It is hard to say. 情況很難說。
7. It comes to nothing. 沒有什么結果。
8. Don’t mention it. 不用謝。
9. That’s it. 對了；正是。
10. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
11. It doesn’t matter. 沒有關系； 不要緊；
12. When it comes to … 當談到……；當涉及……
13. Keep it up. 再接再厲。
鞏固練習
Multiple choice.
1. — He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
— When was _____?
— _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007浙江)
A. that; This
B. this; It
C. it; This
D. that; It
2. The book is of great value. _____ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建)
A. Nothing
B. Something
C. Everything
D. Anything
3. The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to _____ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. (2007上海)
A. both
B. others
C. anyone
D. another
4. — There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?
— No, I’d rather buy _____ in the bookstore. (2007陜西 )
A. it; one
B. one; one
C. one; it
D. it; it
5. — Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
— Victoria Street? _____ is where the Grand Theatre is. (2008遼寧)
A. Such
B. There
C. That
D. This
6. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. (2008四川)
A. any other
B. the other
C. another
D. other
7. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _____ before you leave.
(2008山東)
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
8. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury? (2008江西)
A. himself
B. him
C. itself
D. it
9. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _____. (2009四川)
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
10. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer _____ of them. (2009陜西)
A. other
B. any
C. none
D. some
11. — Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
— But _____ of them are in fashion now. (2009上海)
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
12. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face _____ day like that. (2009山東)
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. others
13. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again. (2010重慶)
A. neither
B. either
