2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：第1部分題型專題方略專題4 第3講語法專題4 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣（通用版）

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　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改編)Just as I got to the school gate____________ (leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：句意：我剛一到學(xué)校門口就意識(shí)到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that這里是一個(gè)賓語從句從句時(shí)態(tài)與答案：had left(2024·高考北京卷改編)In the last few years____________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：句意：在過去的這些年里中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)中取得了很大的成in the last few years可推知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^去一段時(shí)間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：has made(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.____________ (call) him later.

　　解析：句意：——Dr.Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。——好的我待會(huì)再打給他。由later可知表示的是將來要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作用一般將來時(shí)。答案：will call(2024·高考湖南卷改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ____________ (ask)？”解析句意：我不能隱藏我的渴望當(dāng)我問道你現(xiàn)在希望我做些什么？”此題主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)表示這個(gè)事情和動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去故從句時(shí)態(tài)也要用一般過去時(shí)。答案：asked(2024·高考陜西卷改編)Marty ____________(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.解析：句意：馬蒂一直在非常努力地寫書他認(rèn)為他將在周五前完成。由后文提示he’ll have finished it by Friday可知這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行故要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：has been working(2024·高考北京卷改編) If I ____________ (not see) it with my own eyes解析：句意：如果不是我親眼看到我不會(huì)相信。根據(jù)后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判斷是對(duì)過去的虛擬。所以從句是if＋主語＋had＋done的形式。答案：hadn’t seen(2024·高考陜西卷改編) Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ____________(dance) as well as her.解析：句意：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。I wish后接從句從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用could/should/would/might do敘述與過去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用had done。由語境可知此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況故謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。答案：danced(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Did you enjoy the party?____________(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：句意：——你喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎？——是的我們受到了主人很好的招待。根據(jù)上一句中的did可知用一般過去時(shí)；且we和treat是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。設(shè)空處故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)答案：were treated9.If you ____________(refer) to the failed experiences，you would not have made such a mistake in your homework.

　　解析：句意：如果你參考一下這些失敗的教訓(xùn)的話你就不會(huì)在你的作業(yè)中犯下這樣的錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)主句would not have made可知表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)故從句用had done。答案：had referred____________ (be)not wrong and ____________(send)back to the classroom.

　　解析：句意：那女孩堅(jiān)持說她沒錯(cuò)并堅(jiān)決要求把她送回教室。insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)要用陳述語氣；作“答案：was；(should) be sent語篇填空(用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)____________ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.

　　“Wouldn’t it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.____________

　　(know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help her.

　　Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father

　　3.____________ (buy) him as a gift.“I 4.____________

　　(make) better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother 5.____________

　　(not use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 6.____________ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother

　　7.____________

　　(like) it.

　　“Very clever，” his mother said，when she

　　8.____________

　　(see) it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I

　　9.____________ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained.

　　This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that any-one who tries to improve anything 10.____________ (have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.

　　答案：1.watched　2.knew　3.had bought　4.shall/will make　5.was not using　6.was finished　7.would like　9.have been working　10.has