2024屆高考英語一輪語法專題復習課件:8 動詞的時態與語態(新人教版)
路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題八 動詞的時態與語態 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析 動詞的時態、語態是語法填空中必考內容之一,動詞的各種時態形式都可能考到,不過最??嫉氖且话悻F在時態,一般過去時態,現在進行時態,以及一般將來時態,現在完成時態,同時還常與非謂語動詞一起考查,做語法填空題時,首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時態、語態、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個方面。 其次,在確定謂語動詞的時態時,我們可從三個方面來進行判斷: 1.看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。 2.在沒有時間狀語或時間狀語從句時,要看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。 3.看是否是特殊句型等。 例如:Suddenly,he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時態,因為是講述的過去的故事,故應用過去時態。另外,在寫作中要根據文章內容,恰當地使用各種時態,會使文章更鮮明、生動,更能體現一個考生的英語運用功底。 知 識 清 單 一、動詞的時態 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般現在時 ①現在的狀態 ②經常性或習慣性的動作 ③客觀真理 ④在某些狀語從句中用一般現在時代替將來時 ①We always care for each other and help each other. ②We have 3 classes a day. ③The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. ④We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般過去時 ①過去的動作或狀態 ②過去經常性或習慣性動作 ③在狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時態 ①We had a test yesterday. ②We often played together when we were children. ③He told us he read an interesting novel last night. ④She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 will/shall do ①表示將來的動作或狀態 ②表示一種趨向或習慣動作 ③表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定 ④will在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中表意愿 ①I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②We will die without air or water. ③My grandmother will be 90 years old next year. ④She'll tell you if you ask her. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 be going to do ①表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事,這種打算往往經過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準備 ②表將來,不能用在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中 ①I'm going to stay at home tomorrow. ②The little boy is going to learn how to play football. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 be to do 表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責、可能性等 ①A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ②You are to report to the police. he about to to 表示“即刻:就要”,一般不與時間狀語或狀語從句連用 ①Autumn harvest is about to start. ②He is about to leave for Beijing. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去將來時 ①用would do,was/were going to do sth.表過去將來 ②was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過去將來 ③常用于賓語從句和間接引語中,表示過去將要發生的行為或存在的狀態 ①I knew you would agree. ②He said he was going to come with us. ③He said the meeting was to be held the next week. ④I was about to leave when he came in. ⑤He said he would wait until they came back. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 現在進行時be+doing ①表示說話時正在進行的動作 ②表近期特定的安排或計劃 ③表示趨向行為的動詞,如come,go,start,begin leave等可用進行時代替將來時 ④與always等連用表示贊揚、厭煩等語氣 ①He is teaching English and learning Chinese. ②I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. ③The National Day is coming. ④He is always helping others. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去進行時was/were+doing ①表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發生或頻繁發生的動作 ②表示某一動作發生時另一動作正在進行 ①It was raining when they left the station. ②When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 現在完成時have/has+done ①表示過去的動作對現在的影響 ②表示某一動作從過去某一時間開始一直持續到現在,也可能繼續持續下去 ③在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替一般將來時 ①He has gone to Shanghai. ②I have learnt English for three years. ③Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去完成時had+done ①表示“過去的過去” ②表示未曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者hoped/planned...+to have done ③過去完成時用于一些固定句型中 ①When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. ②I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. ③I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ④That was the first time that he had visited Australia. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 現在完成進行時have/has+been+doing ①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在(還要繼續下去)的動作 ②多與all the time,this week,all night等時間狀語,以及for和since引導的狀語從句連用 ①They have been living here for three years. ②He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動詞的被動語態 各種時態的被動語態 用法 典句例示 被動語 態 一般現在時am/is/are done 一般過去時was/were done 現在進行時am/is/are being done 過去進行時was/were being done ①不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者 ②強調動作的承受者 ①Rice is grown in South China. ②The glass was broken yesterday. ③The project is being carried out. ④This road was being built this time last year. ⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages. 各種時態的被動語態 用法 典句例示 被動語 態 現在完成時have/has been done 過去完成時had been done 一般將來時will be done 情態動詞can/may/must be done ③動作的執 行者有較長的修飾語 ④出于禮貌,不愿說出動作的執行者 ⑥When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑧Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 考 點 警 示 1.下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。 (1)表示心理狀態、情感的動詞,如like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態的動詞,如appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。
(3)表示一時性、非延續性動作的動詞,如allow,accept,permit等。 (4)表示感官的動詞,如see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。
2.always,often等頻度副詞與進行時連用表示經常反復的行為或表達某種感情色彩,如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如: The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個女孩老是當眾大聲喧嘩。 3.只有及物動詞才有被動語態。但cost,have,own,lack,agree with,suffer from,belong to,consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞也沒有被動語態。 4.以下情況常用主動形式表示被動含義。 (1)系動詞feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主動形式表示被動意義,主語通常是事物。如: The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。 (2)write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close,lock等的否定式或與well,badly,easily等副詞連用,主語由內在品質或性能使謂語得以實現或不能實現時。如: The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 (3)cook,bake,make,print,pack,work out等動詞用于進行時態時。如: The fish is cooking. 魚正在煮。
路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題八 動詞的時態與語態 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析 動詞的時態、語態是語法填空中必考內容之一,動詞的各種時態形式都可能考到,不過最常考的是一般現在時態,一般過去時態,現在進行時態,以及一般將來時態,現在完成時態,同時還常與非謂語動詞一起考查,做語法填空題時,首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時態、語態、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個方面。 其次,在確定謂語動詞的時態時,我們可從三個方面來進行判斷: 1.看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。 2.在沒有時間狀語或時間狀語從句時,要看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。 3.看是否是特殊句型等。 例如:Suddenly,he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時態,因為是講述的過去的故事,故應用過去時態。另外,在寫作中要根據文章內容,恰當地使用各種時態,會使文章更鮮明、生動,更能體現一個考生的英語運用功底。 知 識 清 單 一、動詞的時態 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般現在時 ①現在的狀態 ②經常性或習慣性的動作 ③客觀真理 ④在某些狀語從句中用一般現在時代替將來時 ①We always care for each other and help each other. ②We have 3 classes a day. ③The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. ④We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般過去時 ①過去的動作或狀態 ②過去經常性或習慣性動作 ③在狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時態 ①We had a test yesterday. ②We often played together when we were children. ③He told us he read an interesting novel last night. ④She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 will/shall do ①表示將來的動作或狀態 ②表示一種趨向或習慣動作 ③表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定 ④will在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中表意愿 ①I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②We will die without air or water. ③My grandmother will be 90 years old next year. ④She'll tell you if you ask her. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 be going to do ①表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事,這種打算往往經過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準備 ②表將來,不能用在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中 ①I'm going to stay at home tomorrow. ②The little boy is going to learn how to play football. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 一般將來時 be to do 表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責、可能性等 ①A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ②You are to report to the police. he about to to 表示“即刻:就要”,一般不與時間狀語或狀語從句連用 ①Autumn harvest is about to start. ②He is about to leave for Beijing. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去將來時 ①用would do,was/were going to do sth.表過去將來 ②was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過去將來 ③常用于賓語從句和間接引語中,表示過去將要發生的行為或存在的狀態 ①I knew you would agree. ②He said he was going to come with us. ③He said the meeting was to be held the next week. ④I was about to leave when he came in. ⑤He said he would wait until they came back. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 現在進行時be+doing ①表示說話時正在進行的動作 ②表近期特定的安排或計劃 ③表示趨向行為的動詞,如come,go,start,begin leave等可用進行時代替將來時 ④與always等連用表示贊揚、厭煩等語氣 ①He is teaching English and learning Chinese. ②I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. ③The National Day is coming. ④He is always helping others. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去進行時was/were+doing ①表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發生或頻繁發生的動作 ②表示某一動作發生時另一動作正在進行 ①It was raining when they left the station. ②When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 現在完成時have/has+done ①表示過去的動作對現在的影響 ②表示某一動作從過去某一時間開始一直持續到現在,也可能繼續持續下去 ③在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替一般將來時 ①He has gone to Shanghai. ②I have learnt English for three years. ③Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 過去完成時had+done ①表示“過去的過去” ②表示未曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者hoped/planned...+to have done ③過去完成時用于一些固定句型中 ①When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. ②I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. ③I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ④That was the first time that he had visited Australia. 動詞的時態 用法 典句例示 現在完成進行時have/has+been+doing ①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在(還要繼續下去)的動作 ②多與all the time,this week,all night等時間狀語,以及for和since引導的狀語從句連用 ①They have been living here for three years. ②He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動詞的被動語態 各種時態的被動語態 用法 典句例示 被動語 態 一般現在時am/is/are done 一般過去時was/were done 現在進行時am/is/are being done 過去進行時was/were being done ①不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者 ②強調動作的承受者 ①Rice is grown in South China. ②The glass was broken yesterday. ③The project is being carried out. ④This road was being built this time last year. ⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages. 各種時態的被動語態 用法 典句例示 被動語 態 現在完成時have/has been done 過去完成時had been done 一般將來時will be done 情態動詞can/may/must be done ③動作的執 行者有較長的修飾語 ④出于禮貌,不愿說出動作的執行者 ⑥When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑧Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 考 點 警 示 1.下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。 (1)表示心理狀態、情感的動詞,如like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態的動詞,如appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。
(3)表示一時性、非延續性動作的動詞,如allow,accept,permit等。 (4)表示感官的動詞,如see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。
2.always,often等頻度副詞與進行時連用表示經常反復的行為或表達某種感情色彩,如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如: The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個女孩老是當眾大聲喧嘩。 3.只有及物動詞才有被動語態。但cost,have,own,lack,agree with,suffer from,belong to,consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞也沒有被動語態。 4.以下情況常用主動形式表示被動含義。 (1)系動詞feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主動形式表示被動意義,主語通常是事物。如: The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。 (2)write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close,lock等的否定式或與well,badly,easily等副詞連用,主語由內在品質或性能使謂語得以實現或不能實現時。如: The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 (3)cook,bake,make,print,pack,work out等動詞用于進行時態時。如: The fish is cooking. 魚正在煮。