2024屆高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)課件：選修8 Unit 2 Cloning（新人教版）

　　4．owe vt. 欠；感激；應(yīng)給予；把……歸功于 歸納拓展 owe sb. sth.(＝owe sth. to sb.) 欠某人……/把……歸功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……歸功于某人 owing to(＝because of＝due to＝thanks to) 由于 5．forbid vt. 禁止；妨礙；阻止 歸納拓展 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 It's forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的 (2)用forbid的相關(guān)詞語完成下列小片段。 在英國的許多公共場所禁止吸煙。即使在家里，沒有其他家庭成員的允許，吸煙也是禁止的。因此，在中國，一些人認(rèn)為，我們的法律也應(yīng)該禁止人們在公共場合吸煙。 In many public places in England, it ①________________. Even at home, without the permission of other members, smoking ②________________. So some people in China also hold the opinion that our law should also ③________________ in public. 答案：(1)①to play　②smoking　③to look　(2)①is forbidden to smoke　②is forbidden　③forbid people to smoke 6．strike vt. 敲擊；打中；忽然想起；給人深刻印象；罷工 n. 罷工 歸納拓展 strike sb. on the head/arm 打某人的頭/臂 strike a bargain/deal 達(dá)成交易 strike sb. (as sth.) 給某人印象；讓某人覺得 go on strike 舉行罷工

　　③________ ________ ________ ________(我忽然想到) that we might have made the wrong decision. ④The workers ________ ________ ________ ________(將舉行罷工) if the demands they put forward are turned down. 答案：①What struck me most　②was struck by floods　③It struck/hit/occurred to me　④will go on strike 1.pay off 還清(債務(wù))；取得成功；得到回報(bào) 歸納拓展 pay for 為……付錢/付出代價(jià) pay back 償還(債務(wù))；報(bào)答 pay a visit to 參觀；訪問 pay attention to 注意；重視 答案：①paid off　②pay off your old loan/debt　③pay attention to their lessons 2．be in good/poor condition 處于好的/壞的狀況 歸納拓展 out of/in bad condition (人)身體不適 on condition that 只要；條件是 on this/that condition 在這種/那種條件下 on no condition 絕不；一點(diǎn)兒也不 working/living conditions 工作/生活條件

　　③You are bound to achieve your aim ________ ________ ________(只要) you spare no efforts and costs. ④Over the past years, his ________ ________(生活條件) haven't improved, which cast him down. 答案：①in poor condition　②on no condition　③on condition that　④living conditions 1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的消息。 該句中的劃線部分是一個由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 歸納拓展 同位語從句緊跟在fact, news, idea, doubt, possibility, hope, promise, belief, suggestion, request等名詞后，用來說明解釋名詞的具體內(nèi)容。有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而被其他成分隔開，在語法上叫作分隔式同位語從句。 　第一部分

　　選修八

　　路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2　Cloning 選修八 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 考點(diǎn)探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 3 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ vt.禁止；不準(zhǔn) 2．________ vt.獲得；贏得 3．________ vt.扔；投；擲 4．________ vt.欠；歸功于 5．________ adj.最初的；開始的 6．________ vt.崇拜；愛慕；喜愛 7．________ adj.義務(wù)的；強(qiáng)制的 8．________ vt.& vi.打擾；煩心　n．煩擾 forbid obtain cast owe initial adore compulsory bother

　　9．________ vt.& vi.打；罷工；撞擊　n. 罷工 10．________ n．媒體；媒介→(復(fù)數(shù)形式)________ 11．________ vt.抵抗；對抗→________ n．反抗；抵抗力 12．__________ vt.& vi.積累；聚積→____________ n．積累；累積 13．__________ adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的→________ n．商業(yè)；貿(mào)易 14．__________ n．假定；設(shè)想→________ vt.假定；假設(shè)；承擔(dān) 15．________ vi.反對；不贊成→________ n．反對；不贊成；異議 strike medium media resist resistance accumulate accumulation commercial commerce assumption assume object objection 16．________ adj.道德的；倫理的→________ n．道德；品行；美德 17．________ vi.退休；離開→________ adj.退休的→__________ n．退休；退役 18．________ adj.虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的→________ n．虛榮(心)；自負(fù)；自大 19．________ vi.不同；相異→________ adj.不同的→___________ n．差別；不同(之處) 20．_________ adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→(反義詞) ___________ adj.不合理的；非理智的→______ vt.推理；推斷 moral morality retire retired retirement vain vanity differ different difference reasonable unreasonable reason B．歸類巧記 1．巧記合成名詞 ①break through→breakthrough 突破 ②break out→outbreak 爆發(fā) ③fall down→downfall 垮臺 ④get together→get-together 聚會 2．由forbid的用法想到的 3．a(chǎn)ccumulate相關(guān)動詞小結(jié) ①accumulate vt. & vi. 積累 ②increase vt. & vi. 增長 ③enlarge vt. & vi. 擴(kuò)大；放大 ④expand vt. & vi. 擴(kuò)大；膨脹 ⑤shrink vt. & vi. 收縮；縮小 ⑥r(nóng)educe vt. & vi. 減少 4．resist形近詞集錦 ①resist v．抵抗 ②insist v. 堅(jiān)持 ③assist v. 協(xié)助

　　④assistant n. 助手

　　⑤consist vi. 由……組成

　　⑥consistent adj. 始終如一的；一貫的

　　Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．還清；得到好結(jié)果________________ 2．贊成；支持________________ 3．使沮喪；使失望________________ 4．不時；偶爾________________ 5．反對________________ 6．使……復(fù)生；使……復(fù)活________________ 7．一定或注定要做……________________ 8．對某人判刑________________ 9．克服；熬過；恢復(fù)________________ 10．白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)________________ pay off in favor of cast down from time to time object to bring ...back to life be bound to do ... make sentence to sb. get over in vain 11．將……歸功于……________________ 12．旁路；支線；岔道________________ 13．使……刻骨銘心________________ 14．狀況很好(壞)________________ 15．另一方面________________ 16．義務(wù)教育________________ 17．值得做某事________________ 18．適合于……的________________ 19．取得突破________________ 20．A不同于B________________ owe ...to ... side road strike ...into one's heart in good/poor condition on the other hand compulsory education be worth doing sth. be appropriate to/for ... make a breakthrough A differs from B Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．The fact is ________ these are both examples of natural clones. 實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。 2．But at last the determination and ________(patient)of the scientists ________ ________ in 1996 with ________ breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報(bào)，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊多莉的誕生。 3．However, scientists still wonder ________ cloning will help or harm us and ________ it is leading us. 然而科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫寺〖夹g(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向哪里感到困惑。 4．This is ________ the cloning of mammals is still ________ new science and ________ story only began seriously in the 1950s ________ this list shows. 這是因?yàn)榭寺〔溉閯游锶匀贿€是一門新的科學(xué)，它是從20世紀(jì)50年代才開始進(jìn)行認(rèn)真研究的，如下表所示。

　　5．Then ________ of them would be left to continue the species. 這樣它們可能一個也留不下來傳宗接代了。 答案：1.that　2.patience; paid off; a　3.whether; where　4.because; a; its; as　5. none Ⅳ.語法過關(guān) 同位語從句 1．We've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. 2．The fact ________ this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought. 3．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 4．I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me? 5．Don't worry! There is still a great chance ________ we can make up for the lost time. 答案：1.that　2.that　3.that　4.why　5.that Ⅴ.語篇填空 On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of ①________(object) and had a great impact ②________ the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the ③________(possible) of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.④________ at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult ⑤________(obtain), newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain ⑥________ ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions.

　　Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, ⑦_(dá)_______ other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid ⑧________ cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder ⑨________ cloning will help or harm us and where it ⑩________(lead) us.

　　答案：①objections　②on　③possibility　④Although　⑤to obtain　⑥their　⑦but　⑧that　⑨whether　⑩is leading 考點(diǎn)探究演練 1.object vt. 反對；不贊成(后常接介詞to) 歸納拓展 object to sb./sth. 不贊成/反對…… object to doing sth. 反對做某事 object that ... 反對…… have an objection to ... 反對…… raise an objection to ... 對……提出異議

　　④It was he who ________ ________ ________ ________(反對) your arbitrary assumption. 答案：①objecting　②cheating　③objection　④objected to/had an objection to 2．bother vt. 打擾　vi. 操心；費(fèi)心　n. 煩擾 歸納拓展 bother (oneself) to do sth. 費(fèi)心做某事 bother sb. about/with sth. 就某事打擾某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事 It bothers sb. that ... 使某人煩惱的是…… have bother doing sth. 做某事很費(fèi)勁

　　④________ ________ ________(bother) by the problem for such a long time, she made up her mind to seek help from her teacher. 答案：①to give　②finding　③with　④Having been bothered 3．resist vt. 抵抗；對抗 歸納拓展 resist sb. doing sth. 反對某人做某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be hard/difficult to resist 難以抗拒

　　③Finally no one could resist ________ (burst) into laughter. ④As for me, tasty food ________ ________ ________ ________(難以抗拒)． 答案：①consciously resist　②forbidding　③bursting　④is hard to resist * * 　第一部分

　　4．owe vt. 欠；感激；應(yīng)給予；把……歸功于 歸納拓展 owe sb. sth.(＝owe sth. to sb.) 欠某人……/把……歸功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……歸功于某人 owing to(＝because of＝due to＝thanks to) 由于 5．forbid vt. 禁止；妨礙；阻止 歸納拓展 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 It's forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的 (2)用forbid的相關(guān)詞語完成下列小片段。 在英國的許多公共場所禁止吸煙。即使在家里，沒有其他家庭成員的允許，吸煙也是禁止的。因此，在中國，一些人認(rèn)為，我們的法律也應(yīng)該禁止人們在公共場合吸煙。 In many public places in England, it ①________________. Even at home, without the permission of other members, smoking ②________________. So some people in China also hold the opinion that our law should also ③________________ in public. 答案：(1)①to play　②smoking　③to look　(2)①is forbidden to smoke　②is forbidden　③forbid people to smoke 6．strike vt. 敲擊；打中；忽然想起；給人深刻印象；罷工 n. 罷工 歸納拓展 strike sb. on the head/arm 打某人的頭/臂 strike a bargain/deal 達(dá)成交易 strike sb. (as sth.) 給某人印象；讓某人覺得 go on strike 舉行罷工

　　③________ ________ ________ ________(我忽然想到) that we might have made the wrong decision. ④The workers ________ ________ ________ ________(將舉行罷工) if the demands they put forward are turned down. 答案：①What struck me most　②was struck by floods　③It struck/hit/occurred to me　④will go on strike 1.pay off 還清(債務(wù))；取得成功；得到回報(bào) 歸納拓展 pay for 為……付錢/付出代價(jià) pay back 償還(債務(wù))；報(bào)答 pay a visit to 參觀；訪問 pay attention to 注意；重視 答案：①paid off　②pay off your old loan/debt　③pay attention to their lessons 2．be in good/poor condition 處于好的/壞的狀況 歸納拓展 out of/in bad condition (人)身體不適 on condition that 只要；條件是 on this/that condition 在這種/那種條件下 on no condition 絕不；一點(diǎn)兒也不 working/living conditions 工作/生活條件

　　③You are bound to achieve your aim ________ ________ ________(只要) you spare no efforts and costs. ④Over the past years, his ________ ________(生活條件) haven't improved, which cast him down. 答案：①in poor condition　②on no condition　③on condition that　④living conditions 1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的消息。 該句中的劃線部分是一個由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 歸納拓展 同位語從句緊跟在fact, news, idea, doubt, possibility, hope, promise, belief, suggestion, request等名詞后，用來說明解釋名詞的具體內(nèi)容。有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而被其他成分隔開，在語法上叫作分隔式同位語從句。 　第一部分

　　選修八

　　路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2　Cloning 選修八 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 考點(diǎn)探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 3 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ vt.禁止；不準(zhǔn) 2．________ vt.獲得；贏得 3．________ vt.扔；投；擲 4．________ vt.欠；歸功于 5．________ adj.最初的；開始的 6．________ vt.崇拜；愛慕；喜愛 7．________ adj.義務(wù)的；強(qiáng)制的 8．________ vt.& vi.打擾；煩心　n．煩擾 forbid obtain cast owe initial adore compulsory bother

　　9．________ vt.& vi.打；罷工；撞擊　n. 罷工 10．________ n．媒體；媒介→(復(fù)數(shù)形式)________ 11．________ vt.抵抗；對抗→________ n．反抗；抵抗力 12．__________ vt.& vi.積累；聚積→____________ n．積累；累積 13．__________ adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的→________ n．商業(yè)；貿(mào)易 14．__________ n．假定；設(shè)想→________ vt.假定；假設(shè)；承擔(dān) 15．________ vi.反對；不贊成→________ n．反對；不贊成；異議 strike medium media resist resistance accumulate accumulation commercial commerce assumption assume object objection 16．________ adj.道德的；倫理的→________ n．道德；品行；美德 17．________ vi.退休；離開→________ adj.退休的→__________ n．退休；退役 18．________ adj.虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的→________ n．虛榮(心)；自負(fù)；自大 19．________ vi.不同；相異→________ adj.不同的→___________ n．差別；不同(之處) 20．_________ adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→(反義詞) ___________ adj.不合理的；非理智的→______ vt.推理；推斷 moral morality retire retired retirement vain vanity differ different difference reasonable unreasonable reason B．歸類巧記 1．巧記合成名詞 ①break through→breakthrough 突破 ②break out→outbreak 爆發(fā) ③fall down→downfall 垮臺 ④get together→get-together 聚會 2．由forbid的用法想到的 3．a(chǎn)ccumulate相關(guān)動詞小結(jié) ①accumulate vt. & vi. 積累 ②increase vt. & vi. 增長 ③enlarge vt. & vi. 擴(kuò)大；放大 ④expand vt. & vi. 擴(kuò)大；膨脹 ⑤shrink vt. & vi. 收縮；縮小 ⑥r(nóng)educe vt. & vi. 減少 4．resist形近詞集錦 ①resist v．抵抗 ②insist v. 堅(jiān)持 ③assist v. 協(xié)助

　　④assistant n. 助手

　　⑤consist vi. 由……組成

　　⑥consistent adj. 始終如一的；一貫的

　　Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．還清；得到好結(jié)果________________ 2．贊成；支持________________ 3．使沮喪；使失望________________ 4．不時；偶爾________________ 5．反對________________ 6．使……復(fù)生；使……復(fù)活________________ 7．一定或注定要做……________________ 8．對某人判刑________________ 9．克服；熬過；恢復(fù)________________ 10．白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)________________ pay off in favor of cast down from time to time object to bring ...back to life be bound to do ... make sentence to sb. get over in vain 11．將……歸功于……________________ 12．旁路；支線；岔道________________ 13．使……刻骨銘心________________ 14．狀況很好(壞)________________ 15．另一方面________________ 16．義務(wù)教育________________ 17．值得做某事________________ 18．適合于……的________________ 19．取得突破________________ 20．A不同于B________________ owe ...to ... side road strike ...into one's heart in good/poor condition on the other hand compulsory education be worth doing sth. be appropriate to/for ... make a breakthrough A differs from B Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．The fact is ________ these are both examples of natural clones. 實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。 2．But at last the determination and ________(patient)of the scientists ________ ________ in 1996 with ________ breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報(bào)，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊多莉的誕生。 3．However, scientists still wonder ________ cloning will help or harm us and ________ it is leading us. 然而科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫寺〖夹g(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向哪里感到困惑。 4．This is ________ the cloning of mammals is still ________ new science and ________ story only began seriously in the 1950s ________ this list shows. 這是因?yàn)榭寺〔溉閯游锶匀贿€是一門新的科學(xué)，它是從20世紀(jì)50年代才開始進(jìn)行認(rèn)真研究的，如下表所示。

　　5．Then ________ of them would be left to continue the species. 這樣它們可能一個也留不下來傳宗接代了。 答案：1.that　2.patience; paid off; a　3.whether; where　4.because; a; its; as　5. none Ⅳ.語法過關(guān) 同位語從句 1．We've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. 2．The fact ________ this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought. 3．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 4．I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me? 5．Don't worry! There is still a great chance ________ we can make up for the lost time. 答案：1.that　2.that　3.that　4.why　5.that Ⅴ.語篇填空 On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of ①________(object) and had a great impact ②________ the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the ③________(possible) of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.④________ at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult ⑤________(obtain), newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain ⑥________ ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions.

　　Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, ⑦_(dá)_______ other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid ⑧________ cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder ⑨________ cloning will help or harm us and where it ⑩________(lead) us.

　　答案：①objections　②on　③possibility　④Although　⑤to obtain　⑥their　⑦but　⑧that　⑨whether　⑩is leading 考點(diǎn)探究演練 1.object vt. 反對；不贊成(后常接介詞to) 歸納拓展 object to sb./sth. 不贊成/反對…… object to doing sth. 反對做某事 object that ... 反對…… have an objection to ... 反對…… raise an objection to ... 對……提出異議

　　④It was he who ________ ________ ________ ________(反對) your arbitrary assumption. 答案：①objecting　②cheating　③objection　④objected to/had an objection to 2．bother vt. 打擾　vi. 操心；費(fèi)心　n. 煩擾 歸納拓展 bother (oneself) to do sth. 費(fèi)心做某事 bother sb. about/with sth. 就某事打擾某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事 It bothers sb. that ... 使某人煩惱的是…… have bother doing sth. 做某事很費(fèi)勁

　　④________ ________ ________(bother) by the problem for such a long time, she made up her mind to seek help from her teacher. 答案：①to give　②finding　③with　④Having been bothered 3．resist vt. 抵抗；對抗 歸納拓展 resist sb. doing sth. 反對某人做某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be hard/difficult to resist 難以抗拒

　　③Finally no one could resist ________ (burst) into laughter. ④As for me, tasty food ________ ________ ________ ________(難以抗拒)． 答案：①consciously resist　②forbidding　③bursting　④is hard to resist * * 　第一部分